Large areas polluted with toxic heavy metals or radionuclides were formed as a side product of rapid industrial development of human society. Plants, due to their sessile nature, should adapt to these challenging genotoxic environmental conditions and develop resistance. Herein, we evaluated the response of three natural ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh (Oasis, Columbia-0, and Chernobyl-07) to cadmium, using discovery gel-based proteomics. These accessions are differing by level of tolerance to heavy metal probably achieved by various exposure to chronic ionizing radiation. Based on the pairwise comparison (control versus cadmium-treated) we recognized 5.8-13.4% of identified proteins as significantly altered at the presence of cadmium. Although the majority of photosynthesis-related proteins were found to be less abundant in all ecotypes it was noted that in contrast to the sensitive variants (Col and Oas), the tolerant Che accession may activate the mechanism preserving photosynthesis and energy production. Also, proteins modulating energy budget through alternative route and mediating higher resistance to heavy metals were upregulated in this ecotype. Although we suggest that regulation of enzymes acting in peptide and protein synthesis, protection of the plants against various abiotic stresses, or those neutralizing the effects of reactive oxygen species are rather associated with general response to cadmium, they were found to be altered more intensively in the Che accession. Thus, the identified affected proteins may represent good candidate molecules for molecular breeding to improve tolerance of crops to heavy metal stress.
- MeSH
- Arabidopsis fyziologie účinky záření MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- ekotyp * MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace účinky záření MeSH
- fyziologický stres * MeSH
- kadmium metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí metabolismus MeSH
- proteiny huseníčku metabolismus MeSH
- proteomika MeSH
- radiační expozice MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Low oxygen conditions occur in grass sites due to high and frequent precipitation, poor soil quality, and over-irrigation followed by slow drainage. Three warm-season and one cool-season grass were analyzed at metabolic level during a time-course experiment performed in a controlled anoxic environment. Prolonged oxygen depletion proved detrimental by leading to premature death to all the species, with the exception of seashore paspalum. Moreover, the anoxia tolerance observed in these grasses has been associated with slow use of carbohydrates, rather than with their relative abundance, which was more important than their antioxidant capacity. Further physiological characterization of eight seashore paspalum genotypes to anoxia was also performed, by examining the variation in photosystem II (PSII) efficiency and gas exchange during post-anoxia recovery. Multivariate analysis highlighted the presence of three main clusters of seashore paspalum genotypes, characterized by different ability to restore the PSII photochemistry during recovery after one day of anoxia. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the analysis of post-anoxia recovery of fluorescence and gas exchange parameters can represent a fast and reliable indicator for selecting species and cultivars more able to acclimate their photosynthetic apparatus.
- MeSH
- alkoholdehydrogenasa metabolismus MeSH
- anaerobióza účinky záření MeSH
- cukry metabolismus MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
- fotosyntéza * účinky záření MeSH
- fotosystém II - proteinový komplex metabolismus MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace účinky záření MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- kvantitativní znak dědičný * MeSH
- kyslík metabolismus MeSH
- lipnicovité enzymologie genetika fyziologie účinky záření MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The human population is continually exposed to numerous harmful environmental stressors, causing negative health effects and/or deregulation of biomarker levels. However, studies reporting no or even positive impacts of some stressors on humans are also sometimes published. The main aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the last decade of Czech biomonitoring research, concerning the effect of various levels of air pollution (benzo[a]pyrene) and radiation (uranium, X-ray examination and natural radon background), on the differently exposed population groups. Because some results obtained from cytogenetic studies were opposite than hypothesized, we have searched for a meaningful interpretation in genomic/epigenetic studies. A detailed analysis of our data supported by the studies of others and current epigenetic knowledge, leads to a hypothesis of the versatile mechanism of adaptation to environmental stressors via DNA methylation settings which may even originate in prenatal development, and help to reduce the resulting DNA damage levels. This hypothesis is fully in agreement with unexpected data from our studies (e.g. lower levels of DNA damage in subjects from highly polluted regions than in controls or in subjects exposed repeatedly to a pollutant than in those without previous exposure), and is also supported by differences in DNA methylation patterns in groups from regions with various levels of pollution. In light of the adaptation hypothesis, the following points may be suggested for future research: (i) the chronic and acute exposure of study subjects should be distinguished; (ii) the exposure history should be mapped including place of residence during the life and prenatal development; (iii) changes of epigenetic markers should be monitored over time. In summary, investigation of human adaptation to the environment, one of the most important processes of survival, is a new challenge for future research in the field of human biomonitoring that may change our view on the results of biomarker analyses and potential negative health impacts of the environment.
- MeSH
- benzopyren toxicita MeSH
- chromozomální aberace účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- cytogenetika * MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metylace DNA účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- poškození DNA účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- rentgenové záření škodlivé účinky MeSH
- uran toxicita MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
In germinating seeds under unfavorable environmental conditions, the mobilization of stores in the cotyledons is delayed, which may result in a different modulation of carbohydrates balance and a decrease in seedling vigor. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) caryopses grown at 4°C in the dark for an extended period in complete absence of nutrients, showed an unexpected ability to survive. Seedlings grown at 4°C for 210 days were morphologically identical to seedlings grown at 23°C for 21 days. After 400 days, seedlings grown at 4°C were able to differentiate plastids to chloroplast in just few days once transferred to the light and 23°C. Tall fescue exposed to prolonged period at 4°C showed marked anatomical changes: cell wall thickening, undifferentiated plastids, more root hairs and less xylem lignification. Physiological modifications were also observed, in particular related to sugar content, GA and ABA levels and amylolytic enzymes pattern. The phytohormones profiles exhibited at 4 and 23°C were comparable when normalized to the respective physiological states. Both the onset and the completion of germination were linked to GA and ABA levels, as well as to the ratio between these two hormones. All plants showed a sharp decline in carbohydrate content, with a consequent onset of gradual sugar starvation. This explained the slowed then full arrest in growth under both treatment regimes. The analysis of amylolytic activity showed that Ca2+ played a central role in the stabilization of several isoforms. Overall, convergence of starvation and hormone signals meet in crosstalk to regulate germination, growth and development in tall fescue.
- MeSH
- alfa-amylasy metabolismus MeSH
- buněčná stěna metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- Festuca metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace fyziologie účinky záření MeSH
- fyziologický stres fyziologie MeSH
- gibereliny metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- kotyledon metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- kyselina abscisová metabolismus MeSH
- lignin metabolismus MeSH
- nízká teplota MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- sacharidy analýza MeSH
- semenáček fyziologie MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- tma MeSH
- vápník metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- apoptóza účinky záření MeSH
- buněčný cyklus účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- kofein patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- tolerance záření MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- vztah dávky záření a odpovědi MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
