Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by various molds that contaminate many staple foods and cause a broad range of detrimental health effects in animals and humans through chronic exposure or acute toxicity. As such, the worldwide contamination of food and feed with mycotoxins is a significant problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, mycotoxin occurrence in staple foods consumed in Somalia was determined. A total of 140 samples (42 maize, 40 sorghum, and 58 wheat) were collected from a number of markets in Mogadishu, Somalia, and analyzed by a UPLC-MS/MS multimycotoxin method that could detect 77 toxins. All of the maize samples tested contained eight or more mycotoxins, with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) levels reaching up to 908 and 17 322 μg/kg, respectively, greatly exceeding the European Union limits and guidance values. The average probable daily intake of fumonisins (FB1 and FB2) was 16.70 μg per kilogram of body weight (kg bw) per day, representing 835% of the recommended provisional maximum tolerable daily intake value of 2 μg/(kg bw)/day. A risk characterization revealed a mean national margin of exposure of 0.62 for AFB1 with an associated risk of developing primary liver cancer estimated at 75 cancers per year per 100 000 people for white-maize consumption alone. The results clearly indicate that aflatoxin and fumonisin exposure is a major public-health concern and that risk-management actions require prioritization in Somalia.

• MeSH
• aflatoxin B1 analýza   MeSH
• fumonisiny aplikace a dávkování   analýza   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• kukuřice setá chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maximální přípustná koncentrace MeSH
• mykotoxiny analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• nádory jater chemicky indukované   MeSH
• pšenice chemie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Sorghum chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Somálsko MeSH

Testing of the presence of toxigenic microfungi and mycotoxins in foodstuffs in the food chain is an important part of the food safety strategy in The Czech Republic. At the national level, control of their presence in the entire food chain is assured by Public Health Protection Agencies, by the Veterinary Administration and by the Czech Agriculture and Food Inspection Authority. This article summarizes surveillance activities of Public Health Protection Agencies and mycotoxins findings in dietary raw materials and foodstuffs from the 1990s to 2004 in the Czech Republic. At present, the health risk from the mycotoxins exposure from foodstuffs is assessed to be relatively low in the Czech Republic, especially as far as the foodstuffs of the Czech origin are concerned. It may result in late toxic effects (e. g., carcinogenic risk) following a single or repeated ingestion of low mycotoxins doses from foodstuffs. Nevertheless, the overall situation may change due to the globalization of the food market. In order to minimize the risk associated with mycotoxins and eliminate their impact on Czech public health, continuous monitoring of the presence of toxigenic moulds, mycotoxins, and their biomarkers is necessary, in conjunction with strict respect to European Union legislation.

• MeSH
• aflatoxin B1 analýza   MeSH
• aflatoxin M1 moč   MeSH
• aflatoxiny analýza   MeSH
• Aspergillus izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mykotoxiny analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• ochratoxiny analýza   krev   MeSH
• ovoce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• patulin analýza   MeSH
• Penicillium izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
• trichotheceny analýza   MeSH
• Vitis mikrobiologie   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• aflatoxin B1 analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• jedlá semena chemie   MeSH
• ochratoxiny analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• testy genotoxicity metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH

• MeSH
• aflatoxin B1 analýza   sekrece   MeSH
• Aspergillus flavus růst a vývoj   sekrece   účinky léků   MeSH
• griseofulvin MeSH
• propolis MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• aflatoxin B1 analýza   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin MeSH
• mykotoxiny MeSH
• potraviny chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

• MeSH
• aflatoxin B1 analýza   MeSH
• radioimunoanalýza metody   MeSH

• MeSH
• aflatoxin B1 analýza   MeSH
• Aspergillus izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   patogenita   růst a vývoj   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• chemické techniky analytické metody   normy   využití   MeSH
• klinické laboratorní techniky metody   normy   využití   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   prevence a kontrola   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• mykotoxiny analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• směrnice MeSH

• Konspekt
• Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
• NLK Obory
• hygiena
• zemědělství a potravinářství