Saprotrophic wood-inhabiting basidiomycetes are the most important decomposers of lignin and cellulose in dead wood and as such they attracted considerable attention. The aims of this work were to quantify the activity and spatial distribution of extracellular enzymes in coarse wood colonised by the white-rot basidiomycete Fomes fomentarius and in adjacent fruitbodies of the fungus and to analyse the diversity of the fungal and bacterial community in a fungus-colonised wood and its potential effect on enzyme production by F. fomentarius. Fungus-colonised wood and fruitbodies were collected in low management intensity forests in the Czech Republic. There were significant differences in enzyme production by F. fomentarius between Betula pendula and Fagus sylvatica wood, the activity of cellulose and xylan-degrading enzymes was significantly higher in beech wood than in birch wood. Spatial analysis of a sample B. pendula log segment proved that F. fomentarius was the single fungal representative found in the log. There was a high level of spatial variability in the amount of fungal biomass detected, but no effects on enzyme activities were observed. Samples from the fruiting body showed high β-glucosidase and chitinase activities compared to wood samples. Significantly higher levels of xylanase and cellobiohydrolase were found in samples located near the fruitbody (proximal), and higher laccase and Mn-peroxidase activities were found in the distal ones. The microbial community in wood was dominated by the fungus (fungal to bacterial DNA ratio of 62-111). Bacterial abundance composition was lower in proximal than distal parts of wood by a factor of 24. These results show a significant level of spatial heterogeneity in coarse wood. One of the explanations may be the successive colonization of wood by the fungus: due to differential enzyme production, the rates of biodegradation of coarse wood are also spatially inhomogeneous.

• MeSH
• Bacteria enzymologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• beta-glukosidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• bříza enzymologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• buk (rod) enzymologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• celulosa-1,4-beta-cellobiosidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• chitinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• Coriolaceae enzymologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• DNA bakterií analýza   MeSH
• DNA fungální analýza   MeSH
• dřevo enzymologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• lakasa metabolismus   MeSH
• lignin metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiální společenstva MeSH
• peroxidasy metabolismus   MeSH
• stromy enzymologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• xylany metabolismus   MeSH
• xylosidasy metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Saprotrophic cord-forming basidiomycetes are important decomposers of lignocellulosic substrates in soil. The production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes was studied during the growth of two saprotrophic basidiomycetes, Hypholoma fasciculare and Phanerochaete velutina, across the surface of nonsterile soil microcosms, along with the effects of these basidiomycetes on fungi and bacteria within the soil. Higher activities of α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-xylosidase, phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase, but not of arylsulphatase, were recorded beneath the mycelia. Despite the fact that H. fasciculare, with exploitative hyphal growth, produced much denser hyphal cover on the soil surface than P. velutina, with explorative growth, both fungi produced similar amounts of extracellular enzymes. In the areas where the mycelia of H. fasciculare and P. velutina interacted, the activities of N-acetylglucosaminidase, α-glucosidase and phosphomonoesterase, the enzymes potentially involved in hyphal cell wall damage, and the utilization of compounds released from damaged hyphae of interacting fungi, were particularly increased. No significant differences in fungal biomass were observed between basidiomycete-colonized and noncolonized soil, but bacterial biomass was reduced in soil with H. fasciculare. The increases in the activities of β-xylosidase, β-glucosidase, phosphomonoesterase and cellobiohydrolase with increasing fungal:bacterial biomass ratio indicate the positive effects of fungal enzymes on nutrient release and bacterial abundance, which is reflected in the positive correlation of bacterial and fungal biomass content.

• MeSH
• alfa-glukosidasy analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• Bacteria růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Basidiomycota růst a vývoj   metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• celulosa-1,4-beta-cellobiosidasa analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• houby růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• hyfy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• mycelium fyziologie   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• xylosidasy analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH