The cost of caring for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to increase worldwide. The cause is not only a steady increase in the prevalence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in both developed and newly industrialised countries, but also the chronic nature of the diseases, the need for long-term, often expensive treatments, the use of more intensive disease monitoring strategies, and the effect of the diseases on economic productivity. This Commission draws together a wide range of expertise to discuss the current costs of IBD care, the drivers of increasing costs, and how to deliver affordable care for IBD in the future. The key conclusions are that (1) increases in health-care costs must be evaluated against improved disease management and reductions in indirect costs, and (2) that overarching systems for data interoperability, registries, and big data approaches must be established for continuous assessment of effectiveness, costs, and the cost-effectiveness of care. International collaborations should be sought out to evaluate novel models of care (eg, value-based health care, including integrated health care, and participatory health-care models), as well as to improve the education and training of clinicians, patients, and policy makers.
- MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc * epidemiologie MeSH
- gastroenterologie * MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náklady na zdravotní péči MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida * epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Nespecifické střevní záněty (IBD) jsou skupinou zánětlivých onemocnění postihujících zažívací trakt. Incidence a prevalence IBD v dětství jsou na vzestupu. IBD se klasifikují na Crohnovu chorobu (CD) a ulcerózní kolitidu (UC). Speciální jednotky tvoří IBD u dětí mladších 6 let (VEO-IBD) a IBD s nediferencovaným postižením tlustého střeva (IBD-U). Etiologie IBD je multifaktoriální a není dosud plně objasněna. Genetické predispozice, alterace střevní mikrobioty, dieta a faktory životního prostředí v ní zcela jistě hrají roli. Klinické projevy CD se odvíjí od lokalizace postižení a obvykle se skládají z bolestí břicha, nauzey, zvracení, průjmů s/bez příměsi krve a hubnutí. U UC jsou typicky bolesti břicha s imperativními defekacemi průjmovitých stolic s makroskopickou příměsí krve. Stanovení diagnózy IBD je postaveno na anamnéze, fyzikálním vyšetření, laboratorních nálezech a zobrazovacích metodách, zejména endoskopiích.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory illnesses affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The incidence and prevalence of paediatric IBD is on the rise. IBD is classified into Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC). Special subunits consist of IBD affecting children younger than 6 years of age (VEO-IBD) and undifferentiated affection of the colon (IBD-U). IBD aetiology is multifactorial and still not fully understood. Genetic predisposition, alterations of gut microbiota, diet and environmental factors play a role in its development. Clinical manifestations of CD depend on disease location, and they usually consist of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea with/out blood and weight loss. UC presents with abdominal pain and imperative defecations of bloody diarrheal stools. Establishing IBD diagnosis is based on careful history, thorough physical examination, laboratory work and imaging methods, mainly endoscopies.
- MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování metody MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- endoskopie trávicího systému metody MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- kapslová endoskopie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- ultrasonografie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is today a global disease, the incidence of which is growing in the pediatric population. This prospective study aims to decipher IBD incidence and its trend in a pediatric population through 16 years in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. METHODS: We evaluated data concerning 358 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed IBD at University Hospital Brno, which is a gastroenterology center for the entire pediatric population (0-18 years) and cares for all pediatric IBD patients in the South Moravian Region (1,187,667 inhabitants). RESULTS: The study encompassed 3,488,907 children during 16 years. We diagnosed 192 children (53.6%) with Crohn disease (CD), 123 (34.4%) with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 43 (12.0%) with IBD-unclassified (IBD-U). The incidence of IBD increased from 3.8 (CD 2.9, UC 0.9, and IBD-U 0.0) per 100 000/year in 2002 to 14.7 (CD 9.8, UC 4.0, and IBD-U 0.9) per 100,000/year in 2017 (P < 0.001). The overall IBD incidence per 100,000/year was 9.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.8--10.9). Constituent incidences per 100,000/year were CD 5.2 (95% CI: 4.5--6.0), UC 3.4 (95% CI: 2.8--4.0), and IBD-U 1.2 (95% CI: 0.9--1.6). IBD incidence was projected to reach 18.9 per 100,000/year in 2022. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of pediatric IBD in the Czech Republic is increasing, and especially that of CD, whereas trends in UC and IBD-U appear to be constant. These data highlight the need to identify risk factors involved in the rising incidence of IBD.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * epidemiologie MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida * epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc epidemiologie MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc epidemiologie MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIM: A definitive diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) is not always possible, and a proportion of patients will be diagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU). The aim of the study was to investigate the prognosis of patients initially diagnosed with IBDU and the disease course during the following 5 years. METHODS: The Epi-IBD study is a prospective population-based cohort of 1289 IBD patients diagnosed in centers across Europe. Clinical data were captured prospectively throughout the follow-up period. RESULTS: Overall, 476 (37%) patients were initially diagnosed with CD, 701 (54%) with UC, and 112 (9%) with IBDU. During follow-up, 28 (25%) IBDU patients were changed diagnoses to either UC (n = 20, 71%) or CD (n = 8, 29%) after a median of 6 months (interquartile range: 4-12), while 84 (7% of the total cohort) remained IBDU. A total of 17 (15%) IBDU patients were hospitalized for their IBD during follow-up, while 8 (7%) patients underwent surgery. Most surgeries (n = 6, 75%) were performed on patients whose diagnosis was later changed to UC; three of these colectomies led to a definitive diagnosis of UC. Most patients (n = 107, 96%) received 5-aminosalicylic acid, while 11 (10%) patients received biologicals, of whom five remained classified as IBDU. CONCLUSIONS: In a population-based inception cohort, 7% of IBD patients were not given a definitive diagnosis of IBD after 5 years of follow-up. One in four patients with IBDU eventually was classified as CD or UC. Overall, the disease course and medication burden in IBDU patients were mild.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty diagnóza farmakoterapie epidemiologie chirurgie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- kolektomie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mesalamin terapeutické užití MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida diagnóza farmakoterapie epidemiologie chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
AIM: To perform a comprehensive review and provide an up-to-date synopsis of the incidence and trends of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: We systematically searched the MEDLINE (source PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (period: 1985-2018) to identify studies reporting population-based data on the incidence of pediatric-onset (< 19 years at diagnosis) IBD in full manuscripts. Two authors carried out screening and data extraction. Choropleth interactive maps and temporal trends were used to illustrate the international differences and incidences of and changes in IBD and subtypes. RESULTS: In total, one hundred forty studies reporting data from 38 countries were considered in this review. The highest annual pediatric incidences of IBD were 23/100000 person-years in Europe, 15.2/100000 in North America, and 11.4/100000 in Asia/the Middle East and Oceania. The highest annual incidences of Crohn's disease (CD) were 13.9/100000 in North America and 12.3/100000 in Europe. The highest annual incidences of ulcerative colitis (UC) were 15.0/100000 in Europe and 10.6/100000 in North America. The highest annual incidences of IBD-unclassified (IBD-U) were 3.6/100000 in Europe and 2.1/100000 in North America. In the time-trend analyses, 67% of CD, 46% of UC and 11% of IBD-U studies reported an increasing incidence (P < 0.05). The risk of IBD is increasing among first-generation of migrant populations. CONCLUSION: Globally, the incidence of IBD varies greatly by geographical areas. The steadily increasing incidence of pediatric IBD over time indicates its emergence as a global disease, suggesting that studies should investigate the environmental risk factors among pediatric cohorts.
- MeSH
- celosvětové zdraví statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc epidemiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- emigranti a imigranti statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
- Severní Amerika epidemiologie MeSH
AIM: To examine the incidence and trends in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) over 2000-2015 and project the incidence to 2018. METHODS: A 16-year prospective study of IBD patients < 19 years of age was conducted in the Czech Republic (the Pilsen region). All incident IBD cases within a well-defined geographical area were retrieved from a prospectively collected computerized clinical database. Historical Czech data were used for comparison (1990-2001). Our catchment population was determined from the census data. We calculated the incidence by relating the number of newly diagnosed cases to the size of the pediatric population-at-risk in each calendar year. Age/sex, disease type, place of residence, and race/ethnicity were identified. RESULTS: In total, 170 new IBD cases [105 Crohn's disease (CD), 48 ulcerative colitis (UC), and 17 IBD-unclassified (IBD-U)] were identified. The median age at IBD diagnosis was 14.2 years, 59.4% were males, and 97.1% were Caucasians. A male preponderance of IBD (P = 0.026) and CD (P = 0.016) was observed. With 109209 person-years in the catchment area, the average incidence of IBD per 100000 person-years was 10.0 (6.2 for CD, 2.8 for UC, and 1.0 for IBD-U) for children aged 0 to 19 years; for those aged 0 to 15 years, the incidence rate was 7.3 (4.6 for CD, 2.0 for UC, and 0.7 for IBD-U). An increase in incidence with age was observed (P = 0.0003). Over the 16-year period, the incidence increased for IBD patients (P = 0.01) and CD in particular (P < 0.0001), whereas the incidence for UC (P = 0.09) and IBD-U (P = 0.339) remained unchanged. IBD-projected data from 2016 to 2018 were 12.1, 12.3 and 12.6 per 100000 person-years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Pediatric-onset IBD incidence is around its highest point. The increase, which is particularly pronounced for CD, may be challenging to relate to causes of pediatric disease.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- databáze faktografické MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- spádové území zdravotních služeb * MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- věkové rozložení MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
