Stainless steel welders are exposed to heavy filler metals. We evaluated the concentration of these metals in whole blood and urine, and the relevant biochemical parameters in relation to the total chromosomal aberrations (CAs), chromatid-type (CTA-type, CTAs) and chromosome-type (CSA-type, CSAs), in 117 welders and control individuals. Statistically higher concentrations of the total Cr, Ni and Mn were observed in whole blood and urine of welders, and the concentrations were higher in welders who smoked. On the contrary, concentrations of urinary heavy metals Cr and Mn adjusted for creatinine were significantly higher in the control groups. A statistically higher frequency of total CAs was observed in the whole group of welders, and also in the non-smoking welders, as compared to controls. The frequency of total CAs significantly correlated with the concentration of Cr, Ni and Mn in whole blood (R=0.61, P˂0.0001, R=0.33, P˂0.0001 and R=0.66, P˂0.0001, respectively), with urinary concentrations of Ni and Mn (R=0.27, P=0.003 and R=0.28, P=0.003, respectively) and with urinary concentrations of Cr, Ni and Mn adjusted for creatinine (R=0.22, P=0.029, R=0.26, P=0.005 and R=0.20, P=0.030, respectively). Likewise, the frequency of CTA-types significantly correlated with the concentration of Cr and Mn in whole blood (R=0.31, P=0.0007 and R=0.34, P=0.0002). The frequency of CSA-types significantly correlated with concentrations of Cr, Ni and Mn in whole blood (R=0.43, P˂0.0001, R=0.38, P˂0.0001 and R=0.46, P˂0.0001, respectively). The statistically higher values of serum creatinine and total bilirubin were detected in all welders, as well as in smokers when compared to the corresponding controls. The exposure to heavy metals in welders increased the frequencies of CAs and altered the balance between urinary excretion of heavy metals and their possible accumulation.
- MeSH
- chrom moč krev MeSH
- chromozomální aberace * chemicky indukované MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kouření škodlivé účinky moč krev MeSH
- kreatinin moč krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mangan moč krev MeSH
- nerezavějící ocel MeSH
- nikl moč krev MeSH
- pracovní expozice * škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- svařování * MeSH
- těžké kovy * moč krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the preferred treatment option in locally advanced breast cancer (BC). The administration of NAC is associated with a wide range of adverse effects. This pilot observational prospective study examined the effect of NAC using anthracycline + cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by paclitaxel (PTx) on a portfolio of 22 plasma and urinary amino acids, plasma proteins (albumin, prealbumin, transferrin), and products of nitrogen metabolism (urea, creatinine, uric acid) in plasma and urine. Plasma and 24-h urine samples were obtained from ten patients with early breast cancer (N1-3 N0-2 M0), at the following time points: before the start of NAC and during the AC/PTx treatment period (a total of 8 measurements at three-weekly intervals). Amino acids were analyzed using ion exchange chromatography. There were no significant differences in the measured parameters in plasma and urine between pre-NAC and during AC- and PTx-treatment. No trend was detected. A significant difference in the portfolio of plasma and urinary amino acids was found only in the pre-treatment period compared to the control group. Levels of eight plasma amino acids (8/22) were significantly reduced and those of nine urine amino acids were increased (9/22). Nitrogenous catabolites in plasma and urine were not indicative of increased protein catabolism during the anthracycline and taxane treatment periods. A slightly positive nitrogen balance was accompanied by an average weight gain of 3.3 kg (range 0-6 kg). The AC/PTx treatment regimen did not cause significant changes in the monitored laboratory parameters.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny * moč krev MeSH
- antracykliny terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- cyklofosfamid * terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dusík * moč MeSH
- kreatinin moč krev MeSH
- krevní proteiny * metabolismus analýza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prsu * farmakoterapie krev moč MeSH
- neoadjuvantní terapie * MeSH
- paclitaxel * terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
PURPOSE: The primary goal was to estimate reference values of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in very low birth weight infants without severe neonatal morbidity. A secondary objective was to assess the relationship between PTH serum levels and selected laboratory markers of bone metabolism. METHODS: Ninety two infants with birth weight less than 1500 g met the inclusion criteria of the study. Serum levels of PTH, 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25(OH)D], C3-epi-25(OH)D, total calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase, and urinary levels of calcium, phosphorus, and creatinine were examined on day 14 and subsequently every 2 weeks until discharge. RESULTS: Of the total 167 serum samples examined for PTH levels in infants without 25(OH)D deficiency the estimated range was 0.9-11.9 pmol/l (8.5-112.3 pg/mL). During the first month, no statistically significant correlation was observed between PTH level and that of 25(OH)D, C3-epimers of 25(OH)D, S-Ca, S-P, or ALP, nor with urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus. From the second month of life, there was a moderately significant correlation between PTH and 25(OH)D (Rho = -0.40, P =< .001), between PTH and calcium/creatinine ratio (Rho = -0.56, P = < .001), and between PTH and phosphorus/creatinine ratio (Rho = 0.51, P = < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The physiological range for PTH levels for preterm neonates without 25(OH)D deficiency was estimated as 0.9-11.9 pmol/l (8.5-112.3 pg/mL). It seems that elevation of serum PTH above this range can be considered as hyperparathyroidism in very low birth weight infants.
- MeSH
- alkalická fosfatasa krev MeSH
- fosfor krev moč MeSH
- kreatinin krev moč MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec s velmi nízkou porodní hmotností * krev moč MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- parathormon * krev MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- vápník * krev moč MeSH
- vitamin D krev analogy a deriváty MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Atacicept is a first-in-class, dual anti-B-cell Activation Factor-A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand fusion protein in clinical evaluation for treatment of IgA nephropathy. To compare efficacy and safety of atacicept versus placebo in patients with IgAN, this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b clinical trial ORIGIN enrolled 116 individuals with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy. Participants were randomized to atacicept 150, 75, or 25 mg versus placebo once weekly for up to 36 weeks. Primary and key secondary endpoints were changes in urine protein creatinine ratio based on 24-hour urine collection at weeks 24 and 36, respectively, in the combined atacicept 150 mg and 75 mg group versus placebo. The primary endpoint was met at week 24 as the mean urine protein creatinine ratio was reduced from baseline by 31% in the combined atacicept group versus 8% with placebo, resulting in a significant 25% reduction with atacicept versus placebo. At week 36, the key secondary endpoint was met as the mean urine protein creatinine ratio reduced from baseline by 34% in the combined atacicept group versus a 2% increase with placebo, resulting in a significant 35% reduction with atacicept versus placebo. The reduction in proteinuria was accompanied by stabilization in endpoint eGFR with atacicept compared to a decline with placebo at week 36, resulting in significant between-group geometric mean difference of 11%, approximating an absolute difference of 5.7 mL/min/1.73m2. Endpoint galactose deficient IgA1 levels significantly decreased from baseline by 60% versus placebo. The safety profile of atacicept was like placebo. Thus, our results provide evidence to support a pivotal, phase 3 study of atacicept in IgA nephropathy.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- hodnoty glomerulární filtrace účinky léků MeSH
- IgA nefropatie * farmakoterapie moč diagnóza MeSH
- kreatinin * moč krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- proteinurie farmakoterapie moč MeSH
- receptory Fc terapeutické užití MeSH
- rekombinantní fúzní proteiny * terapeutické užití škodlivé účinky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Oxidative stress is an important toxicity and genotoxicity mechanism of many chronic adverse health outcomes. This study developed a sensitive extraction method for urine matrix (based on lyophilization, without the need for pre-cleaning by solid phase extraction), coupled to LC-MS/MS analysis of the biomarker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The methodology was validated in urine samples from a cohort of Spanish pregnant women collected during the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy, and urine samples collected within 24 h after delivery (n = 85). A detection and quantification limit of 0.01 and 0.05 μg/L, respectively, were established. The median 8-OHdG concentration was 2.18 μg/L (range 0.33-7.79); and the corresponding creatinine-adjusted concentrations ranged from 1.04 to 13.12 with median of 4.48 μg 8-OHdG/g creatinine. The concentrations of non-adjusted 8-OHdG significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the 3rd trimester and post-delivery urine samples when compared to the 1st trimester levels. 8-OHdG concentrations were further studied in placenta samples matching the same urine samples (n = 26), with a median value of 1.3 ng 8-OHdG/g of tissue. Placental 8-OHdG concentrations were correlated with urinary levels of non-adjusted 8-OHdG in the 3rd trimester. Considering the small cohort size, results must be interpreted with caution, however statistical analyses revealed elevated urinary non-adjusted 8-OHdG levels in the 1st trimester of mothers that delivered boys compared to those who delivered girls (p < 0.01). Increased urinary non-adjusted 8-OHdG concentrations at the time of delivery were significantly associated with clinical records (any type of clinical record during pregnancy; p < 0.05). The novel extraction and analytical method for the assessment of 8-OHdG is applicable for sensitive analysis of multiple analytes or biomarkers in urine matrix. This method could also be applied for other matrices such as blood or tissues. Our findings show that 8-OHdG in urine of pregnant women could predict oxidative stress in placenta and can be related to characteristics such as maternal obesity, mode of delivery and newborn sex.
- MeSH
- 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosin MeSH
- biologické markery moč MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová metody MeSH
- deoxyguanosin * moč MeSH
- kreatinin moč MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- placenta MeSH
- poškození DNA MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- těhotné ženy * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- albuminurie krev moč MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience * diagnóza MeSH
- chybná diagnóza * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- falešně pozitivní reakce MeSH
- glifloziny terapeutické užití MeSH
- hodnoty glomerulární filtrace fyziologie MeSH
- kreatinin krev moč MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nevhodné předepisování MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Východisko a cíl: Těsná spojitost mezi poruchami srdeční a ledvinové funkce je podmíněna řadou společných patofyziologických dějů. Cílem studie je studium vztahů mezi echokardiografickými ukazateli systolické a diastolické funkce levé komory a jejich dopadem na glomerulární a tubulární funkci ledvin.Metody: U 167 podrobně kardiologicky vyšetřených jedinců (133 mužů, 34 žen, průměrného věku 62 roků), bez primárního onemocnění ledvin, jsme v prospektivní studii porovnali echokardiografické nálezy s parametry glomerulární a tubulární funkce ledvin. U všech pacientů jsme vyšetřili koncentrační schopnost ledvin po aplikaci argininu vasopresinu. Výsledky: U kardiologických pacientů existuje přesvědčivá vazba mezi echokardiografickými veličinami a funkční schopností dvou základních segmentů nefronu, tj. glomerulů a tubulů. Echokardiografické veličiny charakterizující systolickou i diastolickou funkci srdce byly ve významném vztahu jak ke glomerulární filtraci, tak ke koncentrační schopnosti ledvin. S klesající ejekční frakcí levé komory srdeční klesala jak glomerulární filtrace, tak maximální koncentrační schopnost ledvin. Z parametrů diastolické srdeční dysfunkce signalizovaly snížení glomerulární filtrace i koncentrační schopnosti nejčastěji: A (vrcholová rychlost plnění levé komory v pozdní diastole), Ea (rychlost pohybu mitrálního prstence v časné diastole) a E/A (E je vrcholová rychlost plnění levé komory v časné diastole). Veličiny E a DT (decelerační čas) byly spojeny s poruchou renální funkce jen ojediněle. Ze strukturálních echokardiografických veličin jsme prokázali vztahy jen mezi eGFR-cystatin C a velikostí levé síně a ESD (diametr levé komory na konci systoly). Koncentrační schopnost ledvin byla tím menší, čím větší byla levá síň. Při odchylkách echokardiografických známek systolické i diastolické srdeční dysfunkce se glomerulární filtrace i maximální koncentrační schopnost ledvin snižovaly souběžně. V rámci kardiorenálního syndromu je cystatin C a eGFR z něho odvozená citlivějším korelátem současné poruchy ledvin než S-kreatinin a eGFR-MDRD. Závěr: Echokardiografické známky porušené systolické i diastolické funkce jsou provázeny jak sníženou glomerulární filtrací, tak koncentrační schopností ledvin. Cystatin C by měl být rutinně stanovován u pacientů s kardiorenálním syndromem.
Background and aim: The close relation between the heart and kidney is controlled by many common pathogenetic pathways. The aim of this study was to determine a relationship between echocardiographic signs of systolic and diastolic heart dysfunction and the glomerular and tubular kidney functions. 123Pβvodní práceaktualityvnefrologii • ročník 26 • 2020 • číslo 4Methods: In a prospective study, we compared echocardiographic findings of 167 cardiologic patients (133 men, 34 women, mean age 62 y) without primary kidney diseases with parameters of the glomerular and tubular kidney functions. In addition to eGFR estimated from the serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, we examined the kidney concentrating capacity after arginin-vasopressin administration. Results: There is the convincing relation between the echocardiographic findings and the functional ability of the two fundamental nephron segments, i.e., the glomeruli and tubules. The echocardiographic signs characterizing systolic and diastolic heart dysfunction correlated both with the eGFR and the kidney concentrating capacity. Both glomerular filtration rate and kidney concentrating capacity were decreasing simultaneously with decreasing left ventricle ejection fraction. The A (peak velocity of late diastolic filling due to atrial contraction), Ea (peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity), and E/A (E is the peak velocity of early diastolic filling) were the most frequent signs of the diastolic heart dysfunction connected with the glomerular filtration rate and kidney concentrating capacity decreases, while the E and DT (the deceleration time of E wave) were rarely connected with renal function decrease. The kidney concentrating capacity decreased simultaneously to the left atrium enlargement. The left atrium area and left ventricle ESD (the end-systolic left ventricle diameter) were the echocardiographic structural parameters which correlated with the glomerular function estimated from cystatin C serum levels. The parallel decrease of eGFR and renal concentrating capacity accompanied both systolic and diastolic heart dysfunction. We conclude that the cystatin C serum level and eGFR-cystatin C are the more sensitive correlates of a damaged kidney function than the serum creatinine level and eGFR-MDRD in the cardio-renal syndrome. Conclusion: The echocardiographic signs of both systolic and diastolic heart dysfunction are accompanied by a decrease of both eGFR and kidney concentrating capacity. Cystatin C serum levels should be routinely assayed in patients with the cardio-renal syndrome.
- MeSH
- albuminurie MeSH
- cystatin C krev MeSH
- echokardiografie transezofageální metody MeSH
- funkce levé komory srdeční MeSH
- hodnoty glomerulární filtrace MeSH
- kardiorenální syndrom * diagnostické zobrazování moč patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování krev moč MeSH
- koncentrační schopnost ledvin MeSH
- koronární angiografie metody MeSH
- kreatinin krev moč MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření krevního tlaku MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Úvod: Symptomatická lymfokéla může významným způsobem negativně ovlivňovat funkci transplantované ledviny. Cílem naší práce bylo pětileté sledování nemocných, kteří podstoupili léčbu. Metody: Do souboru bylo zařazeno 50 nemocných, kteří byli léčeni pro symptomatickou lymfokélu. Retrospektivně jsme hodnotili demografická data, příčinu renálního selhání, indikaci k léčbě, provedenou terapii. Laboratorně byly hodnoceny hladiny kreatininu, celkové bílkoviny a albuminu. Celkové přežití pacientů a štěpů bylo hodnoceno Kaplan-Meierovými křivkami. Výsledky: Průměrný věk 50 nemocných (44% žen, 56% mužů) byl 51,5±11,8 roku, doba mezi transplantací a diagnózou lymfokély byla 12,8±21,5 měsíců. Průměrná velikost lymfokély byla 71±35mm. Příčina renálního selhání vlastních ledvin byla: glomerulonefritida (34 %), tubulointersticiální nefritida (30 %), polycystóza (24 %), diabetická nefropatie (10 %) a nefroskleróza (2 %). Indikace k léčbě byla: elevace sérového kreatininu (44 %), hydronefróza štěpu (38 %), hydronefróza štěpu s elevací kreatininu (8%), hydronefróza s infekcí (6 %) a infekce (4 %). Léčba byla provedena: otevřenou drenáží do peritonea (40 %), jednorázovou aspirací (26 %), zevní drenáží (18 %) a laparoskopickou drenáží do peritonea (16 %). Průměrná hladina kreatininu v době léčby, resp. v 60. měsíci byla, 231μmol/l, resp. 172 μmol/l, plasmatická hladina celkové bílkoviny byla 59g/l, resp. 69g/l, plasmatická hladina albuminu 36g/l, resp. 43g/l. Pětileté přežívání nemocných bylo 86% a přežívání štěpů 66%. Závěr: Adekvátní léčba symptomatické lymfokély vede ke stabilizaci funkce štěpu. Pokud je lymfokéla indikována k léčbě, je třeba ji provést co nejdříve, aby se předešlo vzniku fibrózních změn. Žádné úmrtí ani ztráta štěpu neměly přímou souvislost s léčbou lymfokély
Introduction: Symptomatic lymphocele could impair the function of a graft kidney. The aim of our research was to conduct a five-year follow-up after symptomatic lymphocele therapy. Methods: Overall 50 patients undergoing the therapy of symptomatic lymphocele were enrolled in the study cohort. Demographic data, renal failure causes, indication of therapy and lymphocele management were retrospectively evaluated. Laboratory tests were done to evaluate serum creatinine, total plasma protein and albumin levels. Survival rates of the patients and of the grafts were analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: The mean age of the 50 patients (44% females, 56% males) was 51.5±11.8 years, and the time between kidney transplantation and symptomatic lymphocele diagnosis was 12.8±21.5 months. Average lymphocele diameter was 71±35 mm. Causes of the native kidney failure were: glomerulonephritis (34%), tubulointerstitial nephritis (30%), polycystosis (24%), diabetic nephropathy (10%) and nephrosclerosis (2%). The therapy indications were: serum creatinine elevation (44%), graft hydronephrosis (38%), serum creatinine elevation associated with hydronephrosis (8%), infection associated with hydronephrosis (6%) and infection (4%). The lymphocele was managed by: open surgical intraperitoneal drainage (40%), percutaneous aspiration (26%), percutaneous long-term drainage (18%) and laparoscopic intraperitoneal drainage (16%). Mean serum creatinine levels at the time of the therapy and 60 months later were 231 μmol/L and 172 μmol/L, respectively; total plasma protein levels were 59 g/L and 69 g/L, respectively; albumin plasma levels were 36 g/L and 43 g/L, respectively. The five-year patient survival rate was 86% and the graft survival rate was 66%. Conclusion: Adequate management of symptomatic lymphocele stabilizes the graft function. If the post-transplant lymphocele is indicated for therapy, the therapy should be applied as soon as possible to prevent fibrous changes in the surrounding tissues. No patient death or graft loss had any direct relationship with lymphocele management.
Kadmium je toxický kov, ktorý predstavuje vysoké riziko poškodenia ľudského organizmu. Vyskytuje sa bežne v životnom prostredí, má široké uplatnenie v metalurgickom priemysle, pri výrobe plastov, farebných pigmentov a akumulátorov. Cieľom štúdie bolo sledovať účinnosť komplexu preventívnych opatrení na zníženie expozície kadmiom, ktoré boli zavedené v podniku na výrobu nikel-kadmiových batérií v období od 1. februára 2013 do 1. februára 2014 (každodenná výmena pracovného odevu, umývanie vlasov, holenie tváre u mužov, dôkladné umývanie tváre a rúk). K tomu sa po ôsmych mesiacoch pridalo trojmesačné užívanie výživových doplnkov z Chlorella kessleri alebo s vybranými vitamínmi a minerálmi. Súbor tvorilo 16 pracovníkov (9 žien a 7 mužov) o priemernom veku 50,2 ± 1,5 rokov (x ± SD), ktorí boli v práci vystavení priemerne 20,6 ± 2,5 rokov oxidu kademnatému. V súbore boli 3 fajčiari, 8 pracovníkov žilo v blízkosti podniku. V rámci pracovných lekárskych prehliadok boli pomocou GT-AAS Atómovej absorpčnej spektrometrie s elektrotermickou atomizáciou sledované vstupné a priebežné hodnoty obsahu kadmia v moči v celom súbore a v dvoch podskupinách. Prínos iniciovaných preventívnych opatrení bol posudzovaný zmenami biologického expozičného testu kadmia v moči, štatisticky pomocou neparametrického párového Wilcoxonovho a Krustalovho-Wallisovho testu na hladine štatistickej významnosti p < 0,05. Medián vstupného biologického expozičného testu kadmia v moči bol u celého súboru 10,6 μg Cd . g-1 kreatinínu. Po implementácii organizačných preventívnych opatrení hodnoty kadmia v moči klesli na 5,5 μg Cd.g-1 kreatinínu (p < 0,001). Bezprostredne po ukončení trojmesačného užívania doplnkov stravy hodnoty kadmia v moči opäť poklesli na 1,1 μg Cd . g-1 kreatinínu (p < 0,001). Rozdiel v účinnosti použitých doplnkov stravy zistený nebol (p > 0,05). O tri mesiace po ukončení užívania doplnkov sa však hladiny kadmia v moči znova zvýšili na 6,0 μg Cd . g-1 kreatinínu. Analýza hladín biologických expozičných testov kadmia v moči preukázala efektívnosť preventívnych opatrení vzhľadom na expozíciu zamestnancov. Použitie výživových doplnkov ukázalo okamžitý krátkodobý účinok, avšak pre hodnotenie ich účinku na vylučovanie kadmia močom, ako aj možného zníženia rizika ohrozenia zdravia je nevyhnutný ďalší výskum.
Cadmium is a toxic metal representing a damage of high risk to the human organism. It commonly occurs in the environment, but it plays a significant role in metallurgy, plastics production as well as in pigments and accumulators. The study investigated the effect of complex preventive measures, which were introduced in nickel-cadmium battery factory (daily replacement of working clothes, hair washing, men’s shaving, face and hand washing) from February 1st 2013 to February 1st 2014 to decrease cadmium exposure levels. In addition, after eight months, nutritional supplements either from Chlorella kessleri or by selected vitamins and minerals for three months were added. The group included 16 workers (9 women and 7 men) with average age 50.2 ± 1.5 years (mean ± SD), who had been occupationally exposed to cadmium oxide for 20.6 ± 2.5 years in the average. The group included three smokers and 8 workers have been living in neighbourhood of the factory. The initial and follow-up values of cadmium content in urine were determined in the whole group and two subgroups by GT-AAS atomic absorption spectrometry with electro- -thermic atomization. The effect of the preventive measures was evaluated by changes in urine cadmium levels as a part of the biological exposure tests and differences in cadmium levels were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank and Krustal-Wallis tests with a significance level 5 %. The initial median urine cadmium level in the whole group was 10.6 μg Cd . g-1 creatinine. After implementation of organizational preventive measures, the values of cadmium decreased to 5.5 μg Cd . g-1 creatinine (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the effectiveness of the used supplements (p > 0.05). Three months after the supplementation use, cadmium urine levels increased again to 6.0 μg Cd . g-1 creatinine. The analysis of cadmium urine levels confirmed the effectiveness of preventive measures on workers exposure. The use of nutritional supplements showed immediate short-term effect; however, further research is needed to evaluate their effect on elimination of cadmium and possible health risk reduction.
- MeSH
- hygiena práce MeSH
- kadmium * moč toxicita MeSH
- kreatinin moč MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- pracovní expozice * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- průmysl MeSH
- služby zdravotní péče o pracující MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
The former perception of the urothelium as an impermeable barrier has been revised during the last decade, as increasing evidence of changes in urine composition during its passage of the urinary tract has been presented. Since differences in urothelial permeability between upper and lower urinary tract have been found, our aim is to demonstrate whether changes in urine composition occur during passage through the ureter. We studied consecutive urine samples from both renal pelvises in six pigs and compared them to samples from the bladder and distal ureter. We further sampled urine during storage in the bladder at a fixed volume. All samples were analysed by measuring osmolality and pH, along with the concentration of the following parameters: Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), creatinine, urea. Urine alkalinity increased significantly during passage of the ureter. Creatinine concentration, pH and K(+) increased significantly during the passage from pelvis to the bladder. All other parameters increased non-significantly during the passage to the bladder. The increase in concentration was more pronounced at low concentrations in the pelvis. During storage in the bladder, there was a significant increase in urea concentration. Changes in the composition of urine occur during its passage from the renal pelvis to the bladder and during storage in the bladder. Despite the brief transit time, significant changes in alkalinity were found already during passage through the ureter.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- chloridy moč MeSH
- draslík moč MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- koncentrační schopnost ledvin * MeSH
- kreatinin moč MeSH
- moč chemie MeSH
- močovina moč MeSH
- močový měchýř metabolismus MeSH
- osmolární koncentrace MeSH
- sodík moč MeSH
- Sus scrofa MeSH
- ureter metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
