BACKGROUND: Helicobacter (H.) suis is mainly associated with pigs, but is also the most prevalent gastric non-H. pylori Helicobacter species found in humans. Both H. pylori and H. suis may cause persistent infection of the stomach. Several immune evasion mechanisms have been proposed for H. pylori, which focus to a great extent on its major virulence factors, which are absent in H. suis. The aim of this study was to gain more knowledge on immune evasion by H. suis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cytokine expression kinetics were monitored in the stomach of BALB/c mice experimentally infected with H. suis. The cytokine expression profile in the stomach of naturally H. suis-infected pigs was also determined. Subsequently, the effect of H. suis on murine and porcine dendritic cell (DC) maturation and their ability to elicit T-cell effector responses was analyzed. RESULTS: Despite a Th17/Th2 response in the murine stomach, the inflammatory cell influx was unable to clear H. suis infection. H. suis-stimulated murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells induced IL-17 secretion by CD4+cells in vitro. Natural H. suis infection in pigs evoked increased expression levels of IL-17 mRNA in the antrum and IL-10 mRNA in the fundus. In contrast to mice, H. suis-stimulated porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells were unable to express MHCII molecules on their cell surface. These semimature DCs induced proliferation of T-cells, which showed an increased expression of TGF-β and FoxP3 mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS: Helicobacter suis might evade host immune responses by skewing toward a Treg-biased response.
- MeSH
- cytokiny sekrece MeSH
- Helicobacter heilmannii imunologie MeSH
- imunitní únik * MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Helicobacter pylori imunologie mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu * MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- žaludek imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Prozánětlivé cytokiny a hormonální změny u onkologických onemocnění vyvolávají metabolické, neurologické i psychické změny, které mohou být dokonce jedním z prvních příznaků skrytě probíhajícího nádoru. Navíc může dojít k produkci různých druhů autoprotilátek a objevení se příznaků podobných autoimunitním onemocněním. Specifické změny chování vlivem prozánětlivé signalizace z periferie jsou vlastní všem savcům a mají svůj fylogenetický význam, který se vyvinul u zraněných a nemocných zvířat za účelem redistribuce energie na zahojení ran a vyléčení infekce na straně jedné, a zvýšené ostražitosti před napadením predátorem na straně druhé.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines and hormonal changes in oncological diseases induce metabolic, neurological and psychic changes which could be presented as first symptoms of an occult malignant neoplasm. Moreover, the production of several types of auto- antibodies could make symptoms similar to autoimmune diseases. Specific behaviour changes due to pro-inflammatory signals from the periphery are characteristic for all mammals and have their own phylogenetic importance, which have been developed with wounded and sick animals in order to redistribute their energy resources to facilitate healing wounds and infections on the one hand, and to induce hyper-vigilance against a future predator attack on the other hand.
- MeSH
- biologická evoluce MeSH
- chování a mechanismy chování fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- cytokiny * izolace a purifikace metabolismus sekrece MeSH
- deprese diagnóza chemicky indukované metabolismus MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- imunitní systém enzymologie metabolismus zranění MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- myalgie diagnóza chemicky indukované MeSH
- nádory * diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- paraneoplastické neurologické syndromy * diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- paraneoplastické syndromy diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- poruchy iniciace a udržování spánku etiologie chemicky indukované metabolismus MeSH
- savci imunologie metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- testikulární nádory diagnóza etiologie komplikace MeSH
- TNF-alfa izolace a purifikace metabolismus sekrece MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The role of vitamin B6 as a key component in a number of biological events has been well established. Based on the relationship between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis on the one hand, and the interaction between immune and cancer cells expressed by modulated cytokine production on the other hand, the aim of the present work was to examine the possibility that vitamin B6 affects cancer development by an interference in the cross-talk between human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and those from two colon carcinoma cell lines. Both non-stimulated PBMC and mononuclear cells induced for cytokine production by HT-29 and RKO cells from human colon carcinoma lines were incubated without and with 4, 20 and 100 μg/ml of pyridoxal hydrochloride (vitamin B6) and secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-1ra was examined. Vit B6 caused a dose-dependent decrease in production of all cytokines examined, except for that of IL-1ra. The results indicate that vitamin B6 exerts an immunomodulatory effect on human PBMC. The finding that production of inflammatory cytokines is more pronounced when PBMC are in contact with malignant cells and markedly inhibited by the vitamin suggests an additional way by which vitamin B6 may exert its carcinopreventive effect.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika metabolismus MeSH
- cytokiny sekrece MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- interferon gama sekrece MeSH
- leukocyty mononukleární účinky léků imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádory tračníku imunologie patologie MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- vitamin B6 farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Sodium salicylate (NaS) and aspirin (ASA) are known to have a variety of effects on microorganisms, such as fungus (C. albicans and C. neoformans), moreover, it have effects in leukocyte adhesion and migration in vitro. In this report, we investigated the effect of ASA and NaS in neutrophil migration and cytokine production in C. albicans-induced peritonitis murine model. For this, mice were treated intraperitoneally (i.p) or orally (po) with NaS or ASA; after they were stimulated i.p. with C. albicans, the cellular migration was evaluated 24 h after stimulation. NaS, in mice treated i.p., unlike ASA, was able to inhibit the neutrophil migration and proinflammatory cytokine production induced by C. albicans, such as TNF-α, IL-1, IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-10, but did not alter the IL-4 levels in these animals. However, the po treatment with same the dose of NaS or ASA did not affect the influx of this cell for inflammatory site. These results suggest that the NaS inhibits cellular migration and proinflammatory cytokine by different anti-inflammatory mechanism compared to ASA.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- Aspirin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- cytokiny sekrece MeSH
- kandidóza patologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- neutrofily imunologie MeSH
- peritonitida patologie MeSH
- salicylan sodný aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Scorzonera species are used in different folk medicines to combat many diseases, including the illnesses connected with inflammation. Previous experiments showed anti-inflammatory activity of Scorzonera extracts in vivo. S. latifolia, S. cana var. jacquiniana, S. tomentosa, S. mollis ssp. szowitsii, S. eriophora, S. incisa, S. cinerea, and S. parviflora extracts were, therefore, evaluated for their inhibitory activities of TNF-α and IL-1β production, and NF-κB nuclear translocation in THP-1 macrophages. The HPLC analysis was carried out to elucidate and to compare the composition of these extracts. Major compounds of the tested extracts have been isolated using different chromatographic techniques and further tested for their inhibitory activities on TNF-α and IL-1β production. Several extracts showed promising anti-inflammatory activity in these in vitro tests. Results of HPLC analysis revealed chlorogenic acid as a compound present in all tested extracts. Hyperoside, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside and rutin were also present in varying amount in some Scorzonera species analyzed. Furthermore, eight phenolics which were identified as quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside (1), hyperoside (2), hydrangenol-8-O-glucoside (3), swertisin (4), 7-methylisoorientin (5), 4,5-O-dicaffeoyl-quinic acid (6), 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid (7), and chlorogenic acid (8) have been isolated as major phenolic compounds of the tested extracts and, together with eight terpenoids (9-16) previously obtained from different Scorzonera species, have been tested for the inhibition of TNF-α production, unfortunately with no activity comparable with standard.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika chemie farmakologie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- cytokiny sekrece MeSH
- fenoly chemie farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrofágy účinky léků imunologie MeSH
- NF-kappa B metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese účinky léků MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty analýza farmakologie MeSH
- Scorzonera chemie MeSH
- signální transdukce účinky léků MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Turecko MeSH
Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis is a highly virulent intracellular bacterial pathogen, causing the disease tularemia. However, a safe and effective vaccine for routine application against F. tularensis has not yet been developed. We have recently constructed the deletion mutants for the DsbA homolog protein (ΔdsbA/FSC200) and a hypothetical protein IglH (ΔiglH/FSC200) in the type B F. tularensis subsp. holarctica FSC200 strain, which exerted different protection capacity against parental virulent strain. In this study, we further investigated the immunological correlates for these different levels of protection provided by ΔdsbA/FSC200 and ΔiglH/FSC200 mutants. Our results show that ΔdsbA/FSC200 mutant, but not ΔiglH/FSC200 mutant, induces an early innate inflammatory response leading to strong Th1-like antibody response. Furthermore, vaccination with ΔdsbA/FSC200 mutant, but not with ΔiglH/FSC200, elicited protection against the subsequent challenge with type A SCHU S4 strain in mice. An immunoproteomic approach was used to map a spectrum of antigens targeted by Th1-like specific antibodies, and more than 80 bacterial antigens, including novel ones, were identified. Comparison of tularemic antigens recognized by the ΔdsbA/FSC200 post-vaccination and the SCHU S4 post-challenge sera then revealed the existence of 22 novel SCHU S4 specific antibody clones.
- MeSH
- atenuované vakcíny aplikace a dávkování genetika imunologie MeSH
- bakteriální vakcíny aplikace a dávkování genetika imunologie MeSH
- cytokiny sekrece MeSH
- faktory virulence nedostatek MeSH
- Francisella tularensis klasifikace enzymologie imunologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- proteindisulfidisomerasy nedostatek MeSH
- Th1 buňky imunologie MeSH
- tularemie imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- tvorba protilátek * MeSH
- zkřížená ochrana * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Francisella tularensis, a facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium, causes the illness tularemia. The infection of mice with live vaccine strain is considered to be a model of human tularemia. F. tularensis infects predominantly such phagocytic cells as macrophages or neutrophils, but it also infects non-phagocytic hepatocytes, epithelial cells, and murine and human B cell lines. Based on work with the murine tularemia model, we report here that F. tularensis LVS infects peritoneal CD19(+) cells - exclusively B-1a cells - early after intraperitoneal infection in vivo. The peritoneal and consequently spleen CD19(+) cells are activated by the F. tularensis LVS infection to express the activation markers from MHC class II, CD25, CD54, CD69, and the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. As early as 12 h post-infection, the peritoneal CD19(+) cells produce IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α. The spleen CD19(+) cells respond to infection with some delay. Moreover, the F. tularensis infected A20 B cell line activates CD3(+) spleen cells isolated from naïve mice. Thus, the data presented here suggest that B cells have all the attributes to actively participate in the induction and regulation of the adaptive immune response during early stages of F. tularensis infection.
- MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů * MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- CD antigeny analýza MeSH
- cytokiny sekrece MeSH
- MHC antigeny II. třídy analýza MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- peritoneum imunologie MeSH
- podskupiny B-lymfocytů chemie imunologie MeSH
- slezina imunologie MeSH
- tularemie imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Hlavními pilíři v léčbě těžké sepse a septického šoku jsou promptní a adekvátní hemodynamická resuscitace, cílená antibiotická léčba, odstranění nebo drenáž zdroje infekce a podpora orgánových funkcí. Navzdory adekvátní léčbě a technologicky vyspělým možnostem orgánové podpory však mortalita sepse zůstává nepřiměřeně vysoká. Vývoj podpůrných tzv. „anti-sepsis“ léčebných opatření byl však dosud s více než 30 negativními klinickými studiemi neúspěšný. Recentní pokroky v pochopení patofyziologie sepse nicméně formulovaly patogenetická paradigmata umožňující vývoj nových léčebných konceptů. Tento článek stručně diskutuje perspektivní léčebné směry na principu nových poznatků patogeneze sepse a septického šoku.
The cornerstones of therapy for sepsis and septic shock remain the prompt and adequate hemodynamic resuscitation, administration of antibiotics that target the pathogen, removal or drainage of an infected source and organ support. Despite adequate treatment and advanced life-support, the mortality remains high. However, the development of adjunctive anti-sepsis therapies has been challenging, with more than 30 unsuccessful drug trials. Fortunately, recent advances in our understanding of the sepsis pathophysiology revealed new pathogenic paradigms, and, thus, provided new exciting therapeutic concepts. In this review, we briefly discuss emerging pathogenesis-based strategies for treating severe sepsis and septic shock.
- Klíčová slova
- mimotělní očišťovací metody,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- cytokiny sekrece MeSH
- endotoxiny genetika škodlivé účinky MeSH
- hemodiafiltrace MeSH
- hemofiltrace MeSH
- hemoperfuze MeSH
- imunologická tolerance MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba * MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- komplement MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mediátory zánětu MeSH
- multiorgánové selhání * imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- receptory rozpoznávající vzory antagonisté a inhibitory fyziologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- sepse * etiologie patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Příslušnost k ranním, neutrálním nebo večerním chronotypům (diurnální preference) patří k důležitým charakteristikám jedince a je spojena i s kvantitativními a časovými změnami sekrece kortizolu, IL6 a melatoninu, které hrají významnou roli v průběhu a možná i vzniku revmatoidní artritidy. Autor proto sledoval, zda se diurnální preference projeví v prevalenci revmatoidní artritidy. Ve sledovaném souboru 154 pacientů s revmatoidní artritidou bylo nalezeno 59,1 % ranních, 35,1 % neutrálních a 5,8 % večerních typů. Kontrolní soubor tvořilo 70 osob bez zánětlivého revmatického onemocnění a bylo zjištěno 37,1 % ranních, 50,0 % neutrálních a 12,9 % večerních typů. Větší podíl ranních typů pacientů s revmatoidní artritidou je statisticky významný (t < 0,05). Možným vysvětlením preference ranních typů u revmatoidní artritidy jsou odlišné poměry v časování sekrece kortizolu, cytokinů a melatoninu u jednotlivých chronotypů.
Morning, neutral or evening chronotypes (diurnal preference) are the basic characteristics of a human being. They are associated with quantitative and temporal changes in secretion of cortisol, IL-6 and melatonin, and play a significant role in the course, and probably, even in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, the author analyzed the effect of diurnal preference on the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis. In the analyzed group of 154 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, there were 59.1% morning chronotypes, 35.1% neutral chronotypes and 5.8% evening chronotypes. The control group of 70 individuals without an inflammatory rheumatic disease comprised 37.1% morning, 50.0% neutral and 12.9% evening chronotypes. The larger proportion of morning chronotypes in rheumatoid arthritis was statistically significant (t<0.05). The preference of morning chronotypes in rheumatoid arthritis may be explained by different proportions in the timing of secretion of cortisol, cytokines and melatonin in particular chronotypes.
- Klíčová slova
- zánětlivá aktivita, chronobiologické rytmy,
- MeSH
- chronobiologické jevy MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus fyziologie MeSH
- cytokiny fyziologie sekrece MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hydrokortison fyziologie sekrece MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- melatonin fyziologie sekrece MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- revmatoidní artritida * farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
The main goal in reversing the allergy epidemic is the development of effective prophylactic strategies. We investigated the prophylactic effect of neonatal mother-to-offspring mono-colonization with Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum CCM 7952 on subsequent allergic sensitization. Adult male and female germ-free (GF) mice were mono-colonized with B. longum, mated and their offspring, as well as age-matched GF controls, were sensitized with the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Furthermore, signaling pathways involved in the recognition of B. longum were investigated in vitro. Neonatal mono-colonization of GF mice with B. longum suppressed Bet v 1-specific IgE-dependent β-hexosaminidase release as well as levels of total IgE and allergen-specific IgG2a in serum compared to sensitized GF controls. Accordingly, Bet v 1-induced production of both Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines in spleen cell cultures was significantly reduced in these mice. The general suppression of Bet v 1-specific immune responses in B. longum-colonized mice was associated with increased levels of regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β in serum. In vitro, B. longum induced low maturation status of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and production of IL-10 in TLR2-, MyD88-, and MAPK-dependent manner. Our data demonstrate that neonatal mono-colonization with B. longum reduces allergic sensitization, likely by activation of regulatory responses via TLR2, MyD88, and MAPK signaling pathways. Thus, B. longum might be a promising candidate for perinatal intervention strategies against the onset of allergic diseases in humans.
- MeSH
- alergie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- antigeny rostlinné imunologie MeSH
- Bifidobacterium růst a vývoj MeSH
- cytokiny sekrece MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie MeSH
- gnotobiologické modely MeSH
- hexosaminidasy metabolismus MeSH
- imunizace MeSH
- imunoglobulin E krev MeSH
- imunologická tolerance MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH