In contrast to the decreasing burden related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the burden related to dysglycemia and adiposity complications is increasing in Czechia, and local drivers must be identified. A comprehensive literature review was performed to evaluate biological, behavioral, and environmental drivers of dysglycemia and abnormal adiposity in Czechia. Additionally, the structure of the Czech healthcare system was described. The prevalence of obesity in men and diabetes in both sexes has been increasing over the past 30 years. Possible reasons include the Eastern European eating pattern, high prevalence of physical inactivity and health illiteracy, education, and income-related health inequalities. Despite the advanced healthcare system based on the compulsory insurance model with free-for-service healthcare and a wide range of health-promoting initiatives, more effective strategies to tackle the adiposity/dysglycemia are needed. In conclusion, the disease burden related to dysglycemia and adiposity in Czechia remains high but is not translated into greater CVD. This discordant relationship likely depends more on other factors, such as improvements in dyslipidemia and hypertension control. A reconceptualization of abnormal adiposity and dysglycemia into a more actionable cardiometabolic-based chronic disease model is needed to improve the approach to these conditions. This review can serve as a platform to investigate causal mechanisms and secure effective management of cardiometabolic-based chronic disease.

• MeSH
• adipozita etnologie   MeSH
• běloši statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• chronická nemoc epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• dieta škodlivé účinky   etnologie   MeSH
• disparity zdravotního stavu MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dyslipidemie epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• hypertenze epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• kardiometabolické riziko MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• porucha glukózové tolerance epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• prediabetes epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• sedavý životní styl etnologie   MeSH
• sociální determinanty zdraví etnologie   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti etnologie   MeSH
• zdravotní gramotnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to reconstruct the dietary behavior of two early medieval individuals who display gnathic malformation. MATERIAL: Two skeletons affected by temporomandibular ankylosis were analyzed, one from the Great Moravian burial site of Rajhradice (9th century AD, Czech Republic), and the other from the Avar burial site of Schӧnkirchen (8th century AD, Austria). METHODS: Carbon and nitrogen isotopic values were measured from the bone collagen of both individuals. In the Rajhradice case, where the childhood origin of ankylosis is deduced, isotopic analysis of dentine sections was performed. RESULTS: Both individuals show isotopic values within the range of variation of a contemporaneous population sample. There was no observable dietary change in the Rajhradice individual that could be linked to the occurrence of ankylosis. CONCLUSIONS: Both individuals consumed diets typical for their populations. They appear to not have restricted access to foodstuffs, namely animal protein, which would likely have had to be served in liquid (e.g. milk) or in a highly mashed form to compensate for insufficient mastication. SIGNIFICANCE: This finding provides specific evidence of care provided to these two afflicted members of past populations. LIMITATIONS: Though the proportion of animal protein is an important indicator of the quality of diet, many other aspects of diet - such as micronutrient content - elude stable isotope analysis. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH: Amino acid compound specific isotope analyses of collagen would provide deeper insight into both the diet and physiology of the affected individuals.

• MeSH
• ankylóza * etnologie   patologie   MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• dieta etnologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kolagen chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nemoci temporomandibulárního kloubu * etnologie   patologie   MeSH
• paleopatologie MeSH
• temporomandibulární kloub patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Rakousko MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dietary diversity and the nutrient contribution of traditional foods (locally cultivated and wild) by conducting a food intake study in rural Ecuador. DESIGN: Repeated 24 h recalls over a 14 d interval and frequency of consumption served to simulate the usual diet by the Multiple Source Method. Data on missing visits (n 11) were imputed using multivariate imputation by chained equations. The intakes of three macro- and six micronutrients were reported. Nutrient Adequacy Ratios, Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), Dietary Species Richness (DSR) and Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women were used as measures of dietary quality. A linear quantile mixed model was used to investigate the association between DSR, local species, MAR, age, education and occupation. SETTING: Guasaganda, Cotopaxi (Ecuador). PARTICIPANTS: Rural, indigenous adult women, non-pregnant and not breast-feeding. RESULTS: The studied diet had MAR of 0·78. Consumption of traditional foods contributed 38·6 % of total energy intake. Daily requirements for protein, carbohydrates, Fe and vitamin C were reached. An extra level of consumption of local species was associated with an increase in median MAR for macronutrients of 0·033 (P < 0·001). On the other hand, an extra level of consumption of local species was associated with an increase in median MAR for micronutrients of 0·052 (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS: We found statistical evidence that traditional foods contribute to adequate intakes of macro- and micronutrients and dietary diversification in the studied population. Future public health interventions should promote the cultivation and consumption of traditional foods to increase the quality of the local diet.

• MeSH
• dieta - přehledy MeSH
• dieta * etnologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nutriční stav MeSH
• ovoce MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zelenina MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Ekvádor MeSH

This article describes the important cultural specifics that impact on treatment of overweight and obesity for the Roma people of South Bohemia. METHODS: Data on health and nutrition were collected using a semi-structured interview of 302 Roma adults (quantitative phase). A further 25 participants received in-depth interviews regarding their eating and lifestyle habits and perceptions about obesity and overweight (qualitative phase). Height and weight were measured with calibrated scales and stadiometer. Qualitative data were analyzed with the “grounded theory” method. RESULTS: The participants reported a relatively high consumption of high-sugar drinks and foods compared to fruits and vegetables. Lifestyle factors increasing risk of overweight identified from the qualitative interview included unemployment, socially isolating housing, poor transport, poverty, inactivity, tobacco smoking, and for women weight gain after childbirth. Also identified was the need for better health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: Effective health education may help to address risk factors for overweight and obesity in Roma peoples. Other measures include improved socioeconomic status and housing security, and improved health literacy of the Roma people.

• MeSH
• bydlení MeSH
• dieta škodlivé účinky   etnologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kulturní charakteristiky * MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita diagnóza   etnologie   psychologie   MeSH
• percepce MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Romové psychologie   MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• společenská třída MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti etnologie   MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe etnologie   MeSH
• zdravotní gramotnost MeSH
• životní styl etnologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is present approximately in half of all patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS). This study aimed to explore the relationship between GGT and MS or proinflammatory parameters. METHODS: Data from the cross-sectional HepaMeta study conducted in Slovakia in 2011 among Roma living in rural communities were used. Participants (n = 446) were divided into 2 groups; those with elevated GGT and those with normal GGT levels. MS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria; presence of central obesity and low density lipoproteins (LDL) or high density lipoproteins (HDL), high triglycerides, hypertension, glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes. Participants were tested for the presence of MS and its components, and biochemical tests for lipid levels (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG) and inflammatory parameters (high sensitivity C-reactive protein--hs-CRP and ferritin) were performed. RESULTS: Of 446 Roma participants, only 29 (6.5%) had GGT levels above the normal value. After exclusion of patients with viral hepatitis and alcohol abuse, patients with elevated GGT suffered from MS more often (p < 0.001), and patients with more MS components had a higher risk of elevated GGT. We found a significant association between GGT and the individual MS components, except HDL (waist circumference > or = 94 cm in men or 80 cm in women: p < 0.01; BMI > 30: p < 0.001; fasting glucose > or = 5.6 mmol/l: p < 0.001; arterial hypertension: p < 0.05, and TAG > or = 1.7 mmol/l: p < 0.001). Patients with elevated GGT levels had also significantly higher hs-CRP (hs-CRP > 2 mg/l: p < 0.001; hs-CRP > 3 mg/l: p < 0.001) and ferritin (ferritin > 300 mg/l: p < 0.01) levels. CONCLUSION: Patients with MS have more significantly elevated levels of GGT. There is a significant association of GGT with individual MS components, except HDL and inflammatory parameters (hs-CRP, ferritin).

• MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein MeSH
• dieta etnologie   metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ferritiny krev   MeSH
• gama-glutamyltransferasa krev   MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• metabolický syndrom enzymologie   etnologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nealkoholová steatóza jater MeSH
• pohybová aktivita fyziologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Romové etnologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zánět krev   epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• ztučnělá játra krev   etnologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

The interest in functional food, both freshwater and marine algal products with their possible promotional health effects, increases also in regions where algae are considered as rather exotic food. Increased attention about algae as an abundant source of many nutrients and dietary fiber from the nutrition point of view, as well as from the scientific approaches to explore new nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, is based on the presence of many bioactive compounds including polysaccharides extracted from algal matter. Diverse chemical composition of dietary fiber polysaccharides is responsible for their different physicochemical properties, such as their ability to be fermented by the human colonic microbiota resulted in health benefit effects. Fundamental seaweed polysaccharides are presented by alginates, agars, carrageenans, ulvanes, and fucoidans, which are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industry and also in other branches of industry. Moreover, freshwater algae and seaweed polysaccharides have emerged as an important source of bioactive natural compounds which are responsible for their possible physiological effects. Especially, sulfate polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory, antitumor, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities including anti-HIV infection, herpes, and hepatitis viruses. Generally, biological activity of sulfate polysaccharides is related to their different composition and mainly to the extent of the sulfation of their molecules. Significant attention has been recently focused on the use of both freshwater algae and seaweed for developing functional food by reason of a great variety of nutrients that are essential for human health.

• MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví MeSH
• Chlorophyta chemie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• dieta škodlivé účinky   etnologie   MeSH
• funkční potraviny škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mořské řasy chemie   MeSH
• Phaeophyceae chemie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• polysacharidy škodlivé účinky   analýza   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• potravní vláknina škodlivé účinky   analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• Rhodophyta chemie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• sinice chemie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of child overweight in the Czech Republic is substantially lower than that in the USA. The objective of the present pilot study was to explore dietary intakes, frequency of dining in fast-food establishments, and the amount and intensity of physical activity between a sample of American and Czech children. DESIGN: A cross-sectional correlational pilot study. SETTING: Four public schools in the USA and four public schools in the Czech Republic. SUBJECTS: Ninety-five Czech and forty-four American 4-6th graders from urban public schools participated in the study. Dietary intake and number of fast-food visits were evaluated using two multiple-pass 24 h recalls. Physical activity was measured using the modified Self-Administered Physical Activity Checklist. RESULTS: American children (mean age 10.8 (SE 0.2) years) consumed more energy and fat, less fruits and vegetables, more soft drinks, and visited fast-food establishments more often than Czech children (mean age 11.0 (SE 0.1) years). Although no differences were found in vigorous activity by nationality, Czech children spent significantly more time in moderate physical activities than American children. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the influx of some negative Western dietary trends into the country, Czech children had a healthier diet and were more physically active than American children. Further research is warranted to determine whether the same differences in dietary intakes, physical activity and fast-food visits exist between nationally representative samples of American and Czech children.

• MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• dieta etnologie   normy   MeSH
• dietní tuky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• energetický příjem fyziologie   MeSH
• fyziologie výživy dětí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha epidemiologie   etnologie   etiologie   MeSH
• ovoce MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rozpomínání MeSH
• srovnání kultur MeSH
• sycené nápoje MeSH
• zelenina MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To compare environmental factors that influence body mass index for age (BMI-for-age) between a sample of American and Czech school-aged children. DESIGN: Pilot study. A parent questionnaire and school visits were used to collect data from parents and children. SETTING: Public schools in 1 American and 2 Czech cities. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-five American and 97 Czech 4(th)- through 6(th)-graders and their parents. VARIABLES MEASURED: Parenting style, food socialization and preparation practices, healthful food availability, and children's BMI-for-age were measured. ANALYSIS: Factors from the parental scales were derived using factor analysis. Independent t tests compared environmental factors between American and Czech families. A regression model was used to identify environmental variables associated with BMI-for-age. RESULTS: American parents used authoritative parenting style and positive food socialization practices more often than Czech parents (P <.001). Availability of healthful food and parental involvement in food preparation were higher (P <.001) in Czech households. Positive encouraging socialization practices, less frequent use of negative explanations, and a greater availability of vegetables were associated with lower BMI-for-age in the Czech sample of children. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: A future study should focus on identifying environmental factors that influence children's BMI-for-age with a large sample of Czech and American parents and their school-aged children.

• MeSH
• dieta etnologie   normy   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fyziologie výživy dětí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha epidemiologie   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rodičovství psychologie   MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• sociální chování MeSH
• společenská třída * MeSH
• srovnání kultur MeSH
• životní prostředí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH