The reduction of ammonia emissions from air was experimentally investigated by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) utilizing the combination of ultraviolet irradiation with ozone. The influence of operating conditions such as initial ammonia concentration and flow rate of gas on the reduction of ammonia concentration was investigated in homemade photochemical unit. The conversion of ammonia decreased with increasing initial concentration of ammonia and with increasing flow rate of air (decreasing retention time). The highest conversion of ammonia (97%) was achieved under lower initial concentration of ammonia (30 ppm) and lower flow rate of air (28 m3/h). The energy per order was evaluated for the advanced oxidation process too. The energy consumption was about 0.037 kWh/m3/order for the 97% ammonia conversion at 30 ppm of initial ammonia concentration and 28 m3/h flow rate of air. Based on the results, the advanced oxidation process combining the UV irradiation and ozone was effective for mitigation of ammonia concentration and presents a promising technology for the reduction of odor emissions from livestock buildings. Moreover, the AOPs are suitable for application for high flow rate of air, especially for ammonia abatement from livestock buildings, where very high efficiency is expected.
- MeSH
- amoniak analýza chemie účinky záření MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza chemie účinky záření MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- ozon chemie MeSH
- peroxid vodíku chemie MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- ultrafialové záření * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Due to the presence of toxic pollutants, soils in former military areas need remedial actions with environmentally friendly methods. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the aided phytostabilization of multi-heavy metals (HMs), i.e. Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, in post-military soil by Festuca rubra and three mineral amendments (diatomite, dolomite and halloysite). The amendments were applied at 0 and 3.0% to each pot filled with 5 kg of polluted soil. After seven weeks of the phytostabilization, selected soil properties, biomass yield of F. rubra and immobilization of HMs by their accumulation in plant and redistribution among individual fractions in soil were determined. In addition, ecotoxicology parameters of non-amended and amended soil were established using Phytotoxkit (Sinapsis alba) and Ostracodtoxkit (Heterocypris incongruens) tests. The addition of halloysite significantly increased F. rubra biomass. Diatomite significantly increased both the Cd, Cu, Pb and Cr concentrations in the roots and the pH of the soil. The application of halloysite significantly decreased the Cd and Zn contents of the soil after the completion of the experiment. Dolomite and halloysite were more effective in HM immobilization in soil by decreasing their content in an exchangeable fraction than diatomite. These soil amendments significantly differentiated the length of S. alba roots and had a positive effect on the development of H. incongruens.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- Festuca chemie růst a vývoj MeSH
- hořčík chemie MeSH
- jíl chemie MeSH
- kořeny rostlin růst a vývoj MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza MeSH
- uhličitan vápenatý chemie MeSH
- vojenská zařízení * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The remediation of a soil contaminated with Zn, Pb and Cd was tested by using biochar (BC), nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) and a combination of these two (BC + nZVI). Each amendment was individually applied to the soil at 2 wt%. We tested the influence of (i) the used amendments, (ii) time, and (iii) soil moisture conditions on the metal availability and soil physico-chemical parameters using various extraction methods, as well as soil pore water samplings. We found that metal availability was mainly affected by pH under the influence of time and water content. Among the tested treatments, BC was the most successful, resulting in the lowest amounts of the target metals in the pore water and the smallest temporal changes in metal concentrations and pH in the soil. The use of nZVI efficiently decreased water-extractable Pb in the short- and long-term. The BC + nZVI treatment also yielded promising results regarding the immobilisation of the studied metals. Time provoked a general decrease in pH, which occasionally increased the available metal concentrations. Raising the soil water content increased the pH and subsequently lowered the available metal concentrations in the pore water. The mechanisms of metal stabilisation were further investigated by SEM/EDS. The results indicated that the used soil amendments enhanced the binding of Zn, Pb, and Cd on Fe/Mn/Al oxides/hydroxides, which in turn resulted in the stabilisation of the target metals.
- MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí chemie MeSH
- kadmium analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza chemie MeSH
- olovo MeSH
- oxidy chemie MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza chemie MeSH
- železo chemie MeSH
- zinek analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) continue to be among the most common pollutants in soil worldwide. Phytoremediation has become a sustainable way of dealing with PHC contamination. We conducted the off-site phytoremediation of PHC-polluted soil from an oil tanker truck accident, where poplars were used for the phytoremediation of the oil-polluted soil in a boreal climate during a seven-year treatment. The succession of bacterial communities over the entire phytoremediation process was monitored using microbial ecological tools relying on high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Upon the successful depletion of PHCs from soil, endophytic communities were analyzed in order to assess the complete plant-associated microbiome after the ecological recovery. The rhizosphere-associated soil exhibited different bacterial dynamics than unplanted soil, but both soils experienced succession of bacteria over time, with diversity being negatively correlated with PHC concentration. In the relatively short growing season in North Europe, seasonal variations in environmental conditions were identified that contributed to the dynamics of bacterial communities. Overall, our study proved that phytoremediation using poplar trees can be used to assist in the removal of PHCs from soils in boreal climate conditions and provides new insight into the succession patterns of bacterial communities associated with these plants.
- MeSH
- Bacteria * genetika MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiální společenstva genetika MeSH
- Populus * MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- rhizosféra MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- uhlovodíky analýza metabolismus MeSH
- znečištění ropou * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Finsko MeSH
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Basidiomycota enzymologie metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- celulosa metabolismus MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu chemie MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lignin metabolismus MeSH
- očkovadla agrotechnická MeSH
- perzistentní organické znečišťující látky * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Pleurotus enzymologie metabolismus MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
ISCO using activated sodium persulphate is a widely used technology for treating chlorinated solvent source zones. In sensitive areas, however, high groundwater sulphate concentrations following treatment may be a drawback. In situ biogeochemical transformation, a technology that degrades contaminants via reduced iron minerals formed by microbial activity, offers a potential solution for such sites, the bioreduction of sulphate and production of iron sulphides that abiotically degrade chlorinated ethenes acting as a secondary technology following ISCO. This study assesses this approach in the field using hydrochemical and molecular tools, solid phase analysis and geochemical modelling. Following a neutralisation and bioaugmentation, favourable conditions for iron- and sulphate-reducers were created, resulting in a remarkable increase in their relative abundance. The abundance of dechlorinating bacteria (Dehalococcoides mccartyi, Dehalobacter sp. and Desulfitobacterium spp.) remained low throughout this process. The activity of iron- and sulphate-reducers was further stimulated through application of magnetite plus starch and microiron plus starch, resulting in an increase in ferrous iron concentration (from
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza metabolismus MeSH
- chlor metabolismus MeSH
- Chloroflexi metabolismus MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- Desulfitobacterium metabolismus MeSH
- ethyleny metabolismus MeSH
- halogenace MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- Peptococcaceae metabolismus MeSH
- podzemní voda analýza chemie mikrobiologie MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- rozpouštědla metabolismus MeSH
- sírany metabolismus MeSH
- sloučeniny sodíku MeSH
- tetrachlorethylen analýza metabolismus MeSH
- trichlorethylen analýza metabolismus MeSH
- železo metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The effect of soil amendments, i.e., compost, zeolite, and calcium oxide, on the chemical properties of soil contaminated with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) and the uptake of selected heavy metals by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) was determined in a pot experiment. The content of all investigated heavy metals in the tested plants varied significantly in response to the tested soil amendments and increasing concentrations of Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Compost, zeolite, and calcium oxide contributed to an increase in the average yield of the aerial parts of maize plants only in treatments contaminated with Cr(III). The concentrations of Cr, Zn, and Ni in the aerial parts of spring barley and maize were higher in treatments contaminated with Cr(III) than in treatments contaminated with Cr(VI). Calcium oxide induced a significant increase in soil pH relative to the control treatment. In treatments without soil amendments, the average Cr content of soil was higher in pots contaminated with Cr(VI). The concentrations of Zn and Cu in non-amended treatments were negatively correlated with increasing doses of Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Calcium oxide decreased the average content of Cr, Cu, and Ni in all experimental variants. Compost increased the average content of Zn in treatments contaminated with Cr(III) and Cr(IV) relative to non-amended soil.
The establishment of phytoextraction crops on highly contaminated soils can be limited by metal toxicity. A recent proposal has suggested establishing support crops during the critical initial phase by metal immobilization through soil amendments followed by subsequent mobilization using elemental sulphur to enhance phytoextraction efficiency. This 'combined phytoremediation' approach is tested for the first time in a pot experiment with a highly contaminated soil. During a 14-week period, relatively metal-tolerant maize was grown in a greenhouse under immobilization (before sulphur (S) application) and mobilization (after S application) conditions with soil containing Cd, Pb and Zn contaminants. Apart from the control (C) sample, the soil was amended with activated carbon (AC), lignite (Lig) or vermicompost (VC) all in two different doses (dose 1~45 g additive kg-1 soil and dose 2~90 g additive kg-1 soil). Elemental S was added as a mobilization agent in these samples after 9 weeks. Biomass production, nutrient and metal bioavailability in the soil were determined, along with their uptake by plants and the resulting remediation factors. Before S application, Cd and Zn mobility was reduced in all the AC, Lig and VC treatments, while Pb mobility was increased only in the Lig1 and VC1 treatments. Upon sulphur application, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb and Zn mobility was not significantly affected in the C, AC and VC treatments, nor total Cd, Pb and Zn contents in maize shoots. Increased sulphate, Mn, Cd, Pb and Zn mobilities in soil together with related higher total S, Mn, Pb and Zn contents in shoots were observed in investigated treatments in the last sampling period. The highest biomass production and the lowest metal toxicity were seen in the VC treatments. These results were associated with effective metal immobilization and showed the trend of steady release of some nutrients. The highest remediation factors and total elemental content in maize shoots were recorded in the VC treatments. This increased phytoremediation efficiency by 400% for Cd and by 100% for Zn compared to the control. Considering the extreme metal load of the soil, it might be interesting to use highly metal-tolerant plants in future research. Future investigations could also explore the effect of carbonaceous additives on S oxidation, focusing on the specific microorganisms and redox reactions in the soil. In addition, the homogeneous distribution of the S rate in the soil should be considered, as well as longer observation times.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí chemie MeSH
- fosfor farmakokinetika MeSH
- kompostování MeSH
- kukuřice setá účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- síra * farmakokinetika MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- výhonky rostlin účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This study aims to summarize results on potential phytomanagement of two metal(loid)-polluted military soils using Miscanthus x giganteus. Such an option was tested during 2-year pot experiments with soils taken from former military sites in Sliač, Slovakia and Kamenetz-Podilsky, Ukraine. The following elements were considered: As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sr, Ti, Zn and Zr. M. x giganteus showed good growth at both military soils with slightly higher maximum shoot lengths in the second year of vegetation. Based on Principal Component Analysis similarities of metal(loid) uptake by roots, stems and leaves were summarized. Major part of the elements remained in M. x giganteus roots and rather limited amounts moved to the aerial parts. Levels taken up decreased in the second vegetation year. Dynamics of foliar metal(loid) concentrations divided the elements in two groups: essential elements required for metabolism (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) and non-essential elements without any known metabolic need (As, Sr, Ti, and Zr). Fe, Mn, Ti and Sr showed similar S-shaped uptake curve in terms of foliar concentrations (likely due to dilution in growing biomass), while Cu exhibited a clear peak mid-season. Behavior of Zn was in between. Foliar Zr and As concentrations were below detection limit. The results illustrated a good potential of M. x giganteus for safely growing on metal-polluted soils taken from both military localities.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- biopaliva * MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- kovy analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza MeSH
- lipnicovité metabolismus MeSH
- půda MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
This paper from the field of environmental chemistry offers an innovative use of sorbents in the treatment of waste industrial water. Various industrial activities, especially the use of technological fluids in machining, surface treatment of materials, ore extraction, pesticide use in agriculture, etc., create wastewater containing dangerous metals that cause serious health problems. This paper presents the results of studies of the natural zeolite clinoptilolite as a sorbent of copper cations. These results provide the measurement of the sorption kinetics as well as the observed parameters of sorption of copper cations from the aquatic environment to the clinoptilolite from a promising Slovak site. The effectiveness of the natural sorbent is also compared with that of certain known synthetic sorbents.
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- kationty chemie MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- měď chemie MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie MeSH
- průmyslový odpad * MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- zeolity chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
