- Klíčová slova
- extracelulární DNA,
- MeSH
- akutní poškození ledvin diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- DNA krev moč MeSH
- extracelulární matrix fyziologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci ledvin * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Information about features in the visual world is parsed by circuits in the retina and is then transmitted to the brain by distinct subtypes of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Axons from RGC subtypes are stratified in retinorecipient brain nuclei, such as the superior colliculus (SC), to provide a segregated relay of parallel and feature-specific visual streams. Here, we sought to identify the molecular mechanisms that direct the stereotyped laminar targeting of these axons. We focused on ipsilateral-projecting subtypes of RGCs (ipsiRGCs) whose axons target a deep SC sublamina. We identified an extracellular glycoprotein, Nephronectin (NPNT), whose expression is restricted to this ipsiRGC-targeted sublamina. SC-derived NPNT and integrin receptors expressed by ipsiRGCs are both required for the targeting of ipsiRGC axons to the deep sublamina of SC. Thus, a cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) recognition mechanism specifies precise laminar targeting of ipsiRGC axons and the assembly of eye-specific parallel visual pathways.
- MeSH
- axony fyziologie MeSH
- colliculus superior cytologie metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- extracelulární matrix fyziologie MeSH
- integriny metabolismus MeSH
- mozek fyziologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- retinální gangliové buňky fyziologie MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- zrakové dráhy * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are extracellular matrix (ECM) chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG)-containing structures that surround the soma and dendrites of various mammalian neuronal cell types. PNNs appear during development around the time that the critical periods for developmental plasticity end and are important for both their onset and closure. A similar structure - the perinodal ECM - surrounds the axonal nodes of Ranvier and appears as myelination is completed, acting as an ion-diffusion barrier that affects axonal conduction speed. Recent work has revealed the importance of PNNs in controlling plasticity in the CNS. Digestion, blocking or removal of PNNs influences functional recovery after a variety of CNS lesions. PNNs have further been shown to be involved in the regulation of memory and have been implicated in a number of psychiatric disorders.
- MeSH
- duševní poruchy patofyziologie MeSH
- extracelulární matrix fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely neurologické MeSH
- nemoci centrálního nervového systému patofyziologie MeSH
- neurony fyziologie MeSH
- neuroplasticita fyziologie MeSH
- paměť fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
With an increasingly aging global population, the incidence of neurological diseases such as dementia is set to increase to unmanageable levels, yet there are currently only symptomatic therapies available for treatment. The mechanisms underlying the development of some forms of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are not yet completely elucidated with several competing hypotheses existing. During the closure of the critical period in the brain, significant compositional changes occur to the neural extracellular matrix (ECM). Specifically, condensed mesh-like structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs) form around subsets of neurons and have a profound effect on axonal growth and limit neuronal plasticity. These PNNs act as a morphological checkpoint and can influence memory and cognition. Manipulating these important ECM structures may provide the key to reactivating plasticity and restoring memory, both of which are severely impaired in AD and other associated neurological diseases. This review explores the current understanding of how PNNs are manipulated and examines potential new methods for PNN modulation. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
- MeSH
- extracelulární matrix fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurony fyziologie MeSH
- neuroplasticita * MeSH
- paměť * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Kyselina hyaluronová je vysokomolekulární polysacharid extracelulární matrix účastnící se řady významných biologických účinků zahrnujících regulační, zánětlivé, imunosupresivní a antiproliferativní účinky. Je užitečný v řadě klinických aplikací a vhodným terapeutickým nástrojem. Přehledný článek shrnuje základní charakteristiky a možnosti klinického využití kyseliny hyaluronové.
Hyaluronic acid is a high molecular weight extracellular matrix polysaccharide involved in a variety of significant biological effects including regulatory, inflammatory, immunosuppressive and antiproliferative effects. It is useful in a number of clinical applications and is a suitable therapeutic tool. The article summarizes the basic characteristics and possibilities of clinical use of hyaluronic acid.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní terapeutické užití MeSH
- biologické markery chemie MeSH
- buňky pojivové tkáně chemie metabolismus MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 1. typu diagnóza MeSH
- extracelulární matrix fyziologie metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- glykosaminoglykany analýza metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- hodnocení léčiv * metody trendy MeSH
- imunosupresiva metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza diagnóza MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová * analýza metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci kloubů farmakoterapie MeSH
- nosiče léků * chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- sklivec anatomie a histologie chemie MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- synoviální tekutina chemie metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential component of the tissue microenvironment, actively shaping cellular behavior. In vitro culture systems are often poor in ECM constituents, thus not allowing for naturally occurring cell-ECM interactions. This study reports on a straightforward and efficient method for the generation of ECM scaffolds from lung tissue and its subsequent in vitro application using primary lung cells. Mouse lung tissue was subjected to decellularization with 0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate, hypotonic solutions, and DNase. Resultant ECM scaffolds were devoid of cells and DNA, whereas lung ECM architecture of alveolar region and blood and airway networks were preserved. Scaffolds were predominantly composed of core ECM and ECM-associated proteins such as collagens I-IV, nephronectin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein, and lysyl oxidase homolog 1, among others. When homogenized and applied as coating substrate, ECM supported the attachment of lung fibroblasts (LFs) in a dose-dependent manner. After ECM characterization and biocompatibility tests, a novel in vitro platform for three-dimensional (3D) matrix repopulation that permits live imaging of cell-ECM interactions was established. Using this system, LFs colonized the ECM scaffolds, displaying a close-to-native morphology in intimate interaction with the ECM fibers, and showed nuclear translocation of the mechanosensor yes-associated protein (YAP), when compared with cells cultured in two dimensions. In conclusion, we developed a 3D-like culture system, by combining an efficient decellularization method with a live-imaging culture platform, to replicate in vitro native lung cell-ECM crosstalk. This is a valuable system that can be easily applied to other organs for ECM-related drug screening, disease modeling, and basic mechanistic studies.
- MeSH
- extracelulární matrix - proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- extracelulární matrix fyziologie MeSH
- fibroblasty cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši inbrední ICR MeSH
- myši MeSH
- plíce cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- proteomika MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- tkáňové inženýrství metody MeSH
- tkáňové podpůrné struktury MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Fibrillar collagen in tendons and its natural development in rabbits are discussed in this paper. Achilles tendons from newborn (~7 days) to elderly (~38 months) rabbits were monitored in intact (n tendons=24) and microtome sectioned (n tendons=11) states with label-free second harmonic generation microscopy. After sectioning, the collagen fiber pattern was irregular for the younger animals and remained oriented parallel to the load axis of the tendon for the older animals. In contrast, the collagen fiber pattern in the intact samples followed the load axis for all the age groups. However, there was a significant difference in the tendon crimp pattern appearance between the age groups. The crimp amplitude (A) and wavelength (Λ) started at very low values (A=2.0±0.6 µm, Λ=19±4 µm) for the newborn animals. Both parameters increased for the sexually mature animals (>5 months old). When the animals were fully mature the amplitude decreased but the wavelength kept increasing. The results revealed that the microtome sectioning artifacts depend on the age of animals and that the collagen crimp pattern reflects the physical growth and development.
- MeSH
- Achillova šlacha cytologie růst a vývoj ultrastruktura MeSH
- biomechanika fyziologie MeSH
- extracelulární matrix fyziologie MeSH
- fibrilární kolageny metabolismus ultrastruktura MeSH
- konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- pevnost v tahu fyziologie MeSH
- polarizační mikroskopie MeSH
- stárnutí fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The mammary gland consists of numerous tissue compartments, including mammary epithelium, an array of stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Bidirectional interactions between the epithelium and its surrounding stroma are essential for proper mammary gland development and homeostasis, whereas their deregulation leads to developmental abnormalities and cancer. To study the relationships between the epithelium and the stroma, development of models that could recapitulate essential aspects of these interacting systems in vitro has become necessary. Here we describe a three-dimensional (3D) co-culture assay and show that the addition of fibroblasts to mammary organoid cultures promotes the epithelium to undergo branching morphogenesis, thus allowing the role of the stromal microenvironment to be examined in this essential developmental process.
- MeSH
- buněčné mikroprostředí fyziologie MeSH
- buňky stromatu cytologie MeSH
- epitel fyziologie MeSH
- epitelové buňky cytologie MeSH
- extracelulární matrix fyziologie MeSH
- fibroblasty cytologie MeSH
- kokultivační techniky metody MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- mléčné žlázy zvířat cytologie MeSH
- morfogeneze fyziologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- signální transdukce fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The formation and development of bacterial as well as yeast or filamentous fungi biofilms, which is connected with dangerous or even fatal human infections, represents a relatively new and poorly studied problem in current medicine. The understanding of the processes running in biofilms of pathogenic microorganisms and finding of new possibilities of the biofilm prevention or eradication and also the regulation of biofilm resistance development is necessary for proposing advanced treatment procedures for wide range of illnesses.
- Klíčová slova
- extracelulární polymerní látky,
- MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence účinky léků MeSH
- antiinfekční látky MeSH
- Aspergillus fumigatus patogenita MeSH
- aspergilóza alergická bronchopulmonální mikrobiologie MeSH
- bakteriální adheze fyziologie MeSH
- biofilmy * růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- Candida klasifikace patogenita MeSH
- cystická fibróza mikrobiologie MeSH
- dezinfekce MeSH
- Escherichia coli patogenita MeSH
- extracelulární matrix - proteiny MeSH
- extracelulární matrix fyziologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- infekce spojené s protézou etiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- katétry mikrobiologie MeSH
- otitis media mikrobiologie MeSH
- parodontitida mikrobiologie MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa patogenita MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus patogenita MeSH
- Staphylococcus epidermidis patogenita MeSH
- Streptococcus mutans patogenita MeSH
- Trichosporon patogenita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAEC) are characterized by a great ability to differentiate, and immunomodulatory properties toward mother's immune system cells. These features have been described as being able to change during pregnancy. Thanks to their unique properties: low immunogenicity and high effectiveness of transplantations, amniotic epithelial cells constitute a very attractive source of stem cells for practical purposes in regenerative medicine and transplantology. In this review, we focus on natural factors potentially determining hAEC immunophenotype during pregnancy. Recognition of the impact of specific factors on hAEC would help in effective isolation, creation of appropriate culture conditions and regulation of desired cell function. We also indicate immunomodulatory properties of hAEC themselves. Discovering relations of hAEC with the microenvironment seems to be crucial for their clinical application.
- MeSH
- amnion * anatomie a histologie cytologie embryologie MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
- epitelové buňky cytologie enzymologie imunologie MeSH
- extracelulární matrix enzymologie fyziologie imunologie MeSH
- faktory růstu hematopoetických buněk genetika imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- imunomodulace * imunologie MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba MeSH
- kmenové buňky cytologie enzymologie imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezenchymální kmenové buňky cytologie enzymologie imunologie MeSH
- plodová voda cytologie enzymologie MeSH
- regenerativní lékařství * metody trendy MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH