BACKGROUND: Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is a nutritionally balanced and flavonoid-rich crop plant that has been in cultivation for 4000 years and is now grown globally. Despite its nutraceutical and agricultural value, the characterization of its genetics and its domestication history is limited. RESULTS: Here, we report a comprehensive database of Tartary buckwheat genomic variation based on whole-genome resequencing of 510 germplasms. Our analysis suggests that two independent domestication events occurred in southwestern and northern China, resulting in diverse characteristics of modern Tartary buckwheat varieties. Genome-wide association studies for important agricultural traits identify several candidate genes, including FtUFGT3 and FtAP2YT1 that significantly correlate with flavonoid accumulation and grain weight, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We describe the domestication history of Tartary buckwheat and provide a detailed resource of genomic variation to allow for genomic-assisted breeding in the improvement of elite cultivars.
- MeSH
- celogenomová asociační studie * MeSH
- domestikace * MeSH
- Fagopyrum genetika metabolismus MeSH
- flavonoidy metabolismus MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- genetické techniky MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
- šlechtění rostlin MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
Research groups have put significant emphasis on the evaluation of nutritional, health-promoting, and other biological activities of secondary metabolites from buckwheat. Among these phytochemicals, phenolic and lipophilic antioxidants, particularly, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tocopherols, have been the focus of the latest studies since antioxidant activity has recently been associated with the possibility of inhibiting fungal growth and mycotoxin biosynthesis. The mycotoxin contamination of cereal and pseudocereal grains caused primarily by Fusarium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus species poses a significant hazard to human health. Therefore, efforts to examine the involvement of plant antioxidants in the biosynthesis of mycotoxins at the transcriptional level have emerged. In addition, hydrophobic interactions of buckwheat phenolics with cell membranes could also explain their capacity to reduce fungal development. Eventually, possibilities of enhancing the biological activity of cereal and pseudocereal phytochemicals have been studied, and sourdough fermentation has been proposed as an efficient method to increase antioxidant activities. This effect could result in an increased antifungal effects of sourdough and bakery products. This review reports the main advances in research on buckwheat phenolics and other antioxidant phytochemicals, highlighting possible mechanisms of action and processes that could improve their biological activities.
- MeSH
- Fagopyrum chemie metabolismus MeSH
- fenoly chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- fungicidy průmyslové chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- houby účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- sekundární metabolismus MeSH
- semena rostlinná chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Jasmonates are plant hormones that induce the accumulation of many secondary metabolites, such as rutin in buckwheat, via regulation of jasmonate-responsive transcription factors. Here, we report on the identification of a clade of jasmonate-responsive subgroup 4 MYB transcription factors, FtMYB13, FtMYB14, FtMYB15, and FtMYB16, which directly repress rutin biosynthesis in Fagopyrum tataricum. Immunoblot analysis showed that FtMYB13, FtMYB14, and FtMYB15 could be degraded via the 26S proteasome in the COI1-dependent jasmonate signaling pathway, and that this degradation is due to the SID motif in their C-terminus. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that FtMYB13, FtMYB14, and FtMYB15 interact with the importin protein Sensitive to ABA and Drought 2 (FtSAD2) in stem and inflorescence. Furthermore, the key repressor of jasmonate signaling FtJAZ1 specifically interacts with FtMYB13. Point mutation analysis showed that the conserved Asp residue of the SID domain contributes to mediating protein-protein interaction. Protoplast transient activation assays demonstrated that FtMYB13, FtMYB14, and FtMYB15 directly repress phenylalanine ammonia lyase (FtPAL) gene expression, and FtSAD2 and FtJAZ1 significantly promote the repressing activity of FtMYBs. These findings may ultimately be promising for further engineering of plant secondary metabolism.
- MeSH
- cyklopentany metabolismus MeSH
- Fagopyrum chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fenylalaninamoniaklyasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- multigenová rodina MeSH
- oxylipiny metabolismus MeSH
- proteinové domény MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- rutin biosyntéza MeSH
- transkripční faktory chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- vazba proteinů MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
An interlaboratory study with 10 participants was performed to obtain validation and performance data for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit developed for quantitative gluten determination in foods. The ELISA kit used for this study is based on 2 monoclonal and 1 polyclonal antibody developed by Immunotech, a Beckman Coulter Co. This kit did not show any false positive results or cross-reactivity with oat, rice, maize, and buckwheat. The gliadin standard from the Working Group on Prolamin Analysis and Toxicity was included in the kit as reference material for calibration. All participants obtained a gliadin ELISA kit with Standard Operational Procedure and a form for recording test results. The study included 13 samples labeled as "gluten-free" and 2 samples spiked by wheat flour. Seven samples had gliadin content below the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the method, and 1 sample exceeded the highest calibration level. Gliadin content in the range from 10 to 157 mg/kg (1st day) and from 11 to 183 mg/kg (2nd day) was found in 7 samples (including 2 spiked samples). Results of these samples were used for further statistical analysis and evaluation. The Cochran, Dixon, and Mandel statistical tests were applied for detection of outliers. The LOQ of the kit was estimated.
- MeSH
- analýza potravin metody MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické metody MeSH
- ELISA metody MeSH
- Fagopyrum metabolismus MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- gliadin chemie MeSH
- gluteny analýza MeSH
- jedlá semena metabolismus MeSH
- kalibrace MeSH
- kukuřice setá metabolismus MeSH
- oves metabolismus MeSH
- prolaminy MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- rýže (rod) metabolismus MeSH
- MeSH
- Fagopyrum metabolismus MeSH
- potravní vláknina využití MeSH
- rutin metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
