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MeSH: Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical-statistics & numerical data

9 záznamů v Medvik Filtry

Článek

Significance of the placental barrier in antenatal viral infections

Yong, Hannah E J
Autor Yong, Hannah E J Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
Chan, Shiao-Yng
Autor Chan, Shiao-Yng Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Chakraborty, Amlan
Autor Chakraborty, Amlan Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Rajaraman, Gayathri
Autor Rajaraman, Gayathri First Year College, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
Ricardo, Sharon
Autor Ricardo, Sharon Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Benharouga, Mohamed
Autor Benharouga, Mohamed Unité 1292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France Department of Biology, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
Alfaidy, Nadia
Autor Alfaidy, Nadia Unité 1292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France Department of Biology, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
Staud, Frantisek
Autor Staud, Frantisek Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
Murthi, Padma
Autor Murthi, Padma Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: padma.murthi@monash.edu

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease. 2021 ; 1867 (12) : 166244. [pub] 20210816

Biochim Biophys Acta
ISSN 1879-260X
Medvik
Zdroj

The placenta provides a significant physical and physiological barrier to prevent fetal infection during pregnancy. Nevertheless, it is at times breached by pathogens and leads to vertical transmission of infection from mother to fetus. This review will focus specifically on the Zika flavivirus, the HIV retrovirus and the emerging SARS-CoV2 coronavirus, which have affected pregnant women and their offspring in recent epidemics. In particular, we will address how viral infections affect the immune response at the maternal-fetal interface and how the placental barrier is physically breached and discuss the consequences of infection on various aspects of placental function to support fetal growth and development. Improved understanding of how the placenta responds to viral infections will lay the foundation for developing therapeutics to these and emergent viruses, to minimise the harms of infection to the offspring.

MeSH
COVID-19 metabolismus MeSH
HIV infekce metabolismus MeSH
HIV-1 patogenita MeSH
infekce virem zika metabolismus MeSH
infekční komplikace v těhotenství epidemiologie virologie MeSH
lidé MeSH
placenta metabolismus virologie MeSH
plod virologie MeSH
SARS-CoV-2 patogenita MeSH
těhotenství MeSH
vertikální přenos infekce statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
virové nemoci patofyziologie MeSH
virus zika patogenita MeSH
Check Tag
lidé MeSH
těhotenství MeSH
ženské pohlaví MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
přehledy MeSH

Článek

Risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a secondary analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19

Journal of perinatal medicine. 2020 ; 48 (9) : 950-958. [pub] 2020Nov26

J Perinat Med
ISSN 1619-3997
Medvik
Zdroj

Objectives To evaluate the strength of association between maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Methods Secondary analysis of a multinational, cohort study on all consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 from 73 centers from 22 different countries. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite adverse fetal outcome, defined as the presence of either abortion (pregnancy loss before 22 weeks of gestations), stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death after 22 weeks of gestation), neonatal death (death of a live-born infant within the first 28 days of life), and perinatal death (either stillbirth or neonatal death). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate parameters independently associated with the primary outcome. Logistic regression was reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30.6±9.5 weeks, with 8.0% of women being diagnosed in the first, 22.2% in the second and 69.8% in the third trimester of pregnancy. There were six miscarriage (2.3%), six intrauterine device (IUD) (2.3) and 5 (2.0%) neonatal deaths, with an overall rate of perinatal death of 4.2% (11/265), thus resulting into 17 cases experiencing and 226 not experiencing composite adverse fetal outcome. Neither stillbirths nor neonatal deaths had congenital anomalies found at antenatal or postnatal evaluation. Furthermore, none of the cases experiencing IUD had signs of impending demise at arterial or venous Doppler. Neonatal deaths were all considered as prematurity-related adverse events. Of the 250 live-born neonates, one (0.4%) was found positive at RT-PCR pharyngeal swabs performed after delivery. The mother was tested positive during the third trimester of pregnancy. The newborn was asymptomatic and had negative RT-PCR test after 14 days of life. At logistic regression analysis, gestational age at diagnosis (OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.8-0.9 per week increase; p<0.001), birthweight (OR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.09-1.12.7 per 100 g decrease; p=0.012) and maternal ventilatory support, including either need for oxygen or CPAP (OR: 4.12, 95% CI 2.3-7.9; p=0.001) were independently associated with composite adverse fetal outcome. Conclusions Early gestational age at infection, maternal ventilatory supports and low birthweight are the main determinants of adverse perinatal outcomes in fetuses with maternal COVID-19 infection. Conversely, the risk of vertical transmission seems negligible.

Článek

Péče o děti HIV pozitivních matek
[Care for children of HIV positive mothers]

Pediatrie pro praxi. 2018 ; 19 (6) : 360-362.

ISSN 1213-0494
Medvik
Zdroj

Počet osob s infekcí způsobené lidským virem imunodeficience (Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV) v České republice stále stoupá. Narůstající počet HIV pozitivních gravidních žen není tolik výrazný a zásluhou profylaktického programu se riziko vertikálního přenosu výrazně snížilo. Profylaktický program je rozdělen do 4 částí (antiretrovirová léčba během gravidity, porod císařským řezem a nahrazení kojení mléčnou stravou, užívání antiretrovirové suspenze během prvních šesti týdnů života novorozence). Dispenzarizační program je do 18 měsíců věku dítěte, kdy je dítě po finálním negativním PCR testu (polymerázová řetězová reakce) vyřazeno z evidence.

A number of people with human immunodeficiency virus infection (Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV) are still rising in theCzech Republic. The increasing number of HIV-positive pregnant women is not so significant due to the prophylactic program,the risk of vertical transmission has significantly decreased. The prophylactic program is divided into 4 parts (antiretroviral treatmentduring pregnancy, birth by caesarean section and replacing breastfeeding with a milk diet, using antiretroviral suspensionduring the first six weeks of newborn life). The dispensation program is up to 18 months of child age when the child is removedfrom the evidence after the final negative PCR test (polymerase chain reaction).

Článek

Trend and challenge in mother-to-child transmission of syphilis [Trend a výzva v prenose syfilisu z matky na dieťa]

Epidemiologie, mikrobiologie, imunologie. 2017 ; 66 (1) : 24-29.

ISSN 1210-7913
Medvik
Zdroj

Cieľ: Cieľom tejto práce je vyhodnotiť epidemiologický trend v incidencii syfilisu preneseného z matky na dieťa, u žien v reprodukčnom veku a u tehotných žien v súvislosti s programom antenatálnej starostlivosti v období rokov 1991–2014 na Slovensku. Materiál a metóda: Na vyhodnotenie incidencie v sledovanom období 1991–2014 na Slovensku sa použili prípady potvrdeného syfilisu. Výsledky: V sledovanom období bolo nahlásených 101 prípadov syfilisu preneseného z matky na dieťa. Incidencia vzrástla v roku 1996, čo predstavovalo 33,3 prípadov/100 000 živonarodených detí a poukázalo na nesúlad v programe antenatálnej starostlivosti. Incidencia syfilisu u žien v reprodukčnom veku ukázala vzrast v roku 2001, čo predstavovalo 10,44 prípadov/100 000 žien v reprodukčnom veku v populácii. Najvyššia incidencia u tehotných žien bola zaznamenaná v roku 2000, čo predstavovalo 3,24 prípadov/1000 tehotných žien v populácii. Všetky tri súbory vykázali vzrastajúci trend v prvej dekáde a klesajúci trend v druhej dekáde. Najvyšší pokles vo výskyte medzi tehotnými ženami bol zaznamenaný nasledovne: výskyt (0,37) v roku 2011 poklesol na 0,11 v roku 2014 a korešpondoval s poklesom výskytu preneseného syfilisu z matky na plod. Záver: Prenos syfilisu z matky na dieťa predstavuje problém vo verejnom zdraví populácie a vyžaduje si komplexné surveilance vo všetkých krajinách. Zistené údaje vedú k požiadavke účinného zlepšenia programu antenatálnej starostlivosti týkajúcej sa tehotných žien. Posledné roky 2011–2014 poukázali na zlepšenie aplikácie programu antenatálnej starostlivosti, čo korešpondovalo zo znížením počtu syfilisu preneseného z matky na dieťa.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the epidemiological trends in the incidence rates of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis, syphilis in women of reproductive age and pregnant women in the antenatal care program over the period 1991–2014, in order to find a basis for preventive measures. Material and method: Case series data of confirmed syphilis was used to evaluate the incidence rates over the period 1991–2014 in Slovakia. Results: During the monitored period, 101 cases of mother-to-child transmitted syphilis were detected. The rate increased in 1996, corresponding to 33.3 per 100,000 live births and discovered discordance in antenatal care program. The rates of syphilis in women of reproductive age showed increased rate in 2001, corresponding to 10.44 per 100 000 population. Pregnant women reported the highest rate in 2000, corresponding to 3.24 per 1,000 pregnant women population. Syphilis notification rates in all three groups showed increased trend in the first decade following with decreased trend in the second decade. The high decrease in rate notification among pregnant women in 2011 (0.37) decreasing up to 0.11 in 2014 was followed with decreasing of mother-to-child transmission. Conclusion: Mother-to-child transmission of syphilis poses a public health problem and requires comprehensive surveillance in all countries. These data result in the requirement of effective improvement of antenatal care program in pregnant women. The last years 2011–2014 showed improvement in antenatal care program corresponding with decrease rate of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis.