- MeSH
- Dysbiosis diagnosis drug therapy microbiology prevention & control MeSH
- Lactobacillus classification drug effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microbiota * drug effects MeSH
- Probiotics classification therapeutic use MeSH
- Vagina * microbiology drug effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
The absence of acquired resistance to antimicrobials has become an important criterion in evaluation of the biosafety of lactobacilli used as industrial starter or probiotic cultures. The aim of this study was to assess antibiotic resistance in starter and non-starter lactobacilli of food origin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and vancomycin were established in 81 strains of lactobacilli (L. acidophilus, L. animalis, L. brevis, L. curvatus, L. delbrueckii, L. fermentum, L. helveticus, L. paracasei, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and L. sakei) by the microdilution method. The strains were classified as susceptible or resistant to antimicrobials based on the cut-off values according to the EFSA guideline. Sixty-two strains (77% food isolates, 76% starter or adjunct cultures) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent (the most frequently to aminoglycosides). Adjunct cultures showed a higher antibiotic resistance (80%) than starters (60%). Four multiresistant strains (3 food isolates, 1 adjunct culture) were analyzed by whole genome sequencing. One potentially transferable aadE gene (responsible for streptomycin resistance) was detected only in one multi-drug resistant strain of L. animalis originating from an adjunct culture. Thus, there is a risk of horizontal transmission of this gene. It is necessary to eliminate such strains from use in the food industry. This study provides relevant data concerning the use of lactobacilli in safe food production. To ensure food safety, detailed characterization of resistance to antimicrobials is necessary not only in starter strains but also in non-starter lactic acid bacteria isolated from food products.
- MeSH
- Drug Resistance, Microbial * genetics MeSH
- Lactobacillus * classification metabolism drug effects MeSH
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests methods MeSH
- Food Microbiology methods MeSH
- Probiotics classification MeSH
- Food Security methods MeSH
- Publication type
- Clinical Study MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The honey bee, Apis mellifera, is a globally important species that suffers from a variety of pathogens and parasites. These parasites and pathogens may have sublethal effects on their bee hosts via an array of mechanisms, including through a change in symbiotic bacterial taxa. Our aim was to assess the influence of four globally widespread parasites and pathogens on the honey bee bacteriome. We examined the effects of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, the fungal pathogens Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, and the trypanosome Lotmaria passim. Varroa was detected by acaricidal treatment, Nosema and L. passim by PCR, and the bacteriome using MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall, the 1,858,850 obtained sequences formed 86 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 3 % dissimilarity. Location, time of year, and degree of infestation by Varroa had significant effects on the composition of the bacteriome of honey bee workers. Based on statistical correlations, we found varroosis more important factor than N. ceranae, N. apis, and L. passim infestation influencing the honey bee bacteriome and contributing to the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in adult bees. At the population level, Varroa appeared to modify 20 OTUs. In the colonies with high Varroa infestation levels (varroosis), the relative abundance of the bacteria Bartonella apis and Lactobacillus apis decreased. In contrast, an increase in relative abundance was observed for several taxa including Lactobacillus helsingborgensis, Lactobacillus mellis, Commensalibacter intestini, and Snodgrassella alvi. The results showed that the "normal" bacterial community is altered by eukaryotic parasites as well as displaying temporal changes and changes associated with the geographical origin of the beehive.
- MeSH
- Bartonella classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Mite Infestations pathology MeSH
- Kinetoplastida pathogenicity MeSH
- Lactobacillus classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Microbiota genetics MeSH
- Nosema pathogenicity MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics MeSH
- Symbiosis MeSH
- Varroidae pathogenicity MeSH
- Bees microbiology parasitology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes confirmed L. reuteri as its closest relative species, with calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridisation revealed a 42 % degree of genetic similarity between the novel strain and L. reuteri DSM 20016T. Strain MOZM2T degrades carbohydrates via the 6-phosphogluconate/phosphoketolase pathway, evidenced by its production of gas from glucose and the end products of hexose catabolism. Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. Results of genotypic analyses also demonstrated differences between these two strains. They also differed in DNA G+C content, and some biochemical and physiological characteristics. We therefore believe that the examined bacterial isolate should be considered as a new taxon within the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli. The species name Lactobacillus caviae sp. nov. is proposed, of which the type strain is MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T).
- MeSH
- Genes, Bacterial MeSH
- DNA, Bacterial genetics MeSH
- Fermentation MeSH
- Phylogeny * MeSH
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization MeSH
- Lactobacillus classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Fatty Acids chemistry MeSH
- Guinea Pigs microbiology MeSH
- Peptidoglycan chemistry MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Bacterial Typing Techniques MeSH
- Mouth microbiology MeSH
- Base Composition MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Guinea Pigs microbiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
BACKGROUND: The genus Lactobacillus belongs to a large heterogeneous group of low G + C Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria, which are frequently used as probiotics. The health-beneficial effects, in particular the immunomodulation effect, of probiotics depend on the strain and dose used. Strain variations may be related to diversity of the cell surface architecture of bacteria and the ability to express specific antigens or secrete compounds. The use of Lactobacillus as probiotic requires a comprehensive understanding of its effect on host immune system. To evaluate the potential immunoreactive properties of proteins isolated from four Lactobacillus strains: L. johnsonii 142 and L. johnsonii 151, L. rhamnosus LOCK 0900 and L. casei LOCK 0919, the polyclonal sera obtained from mouse and human have been tested as well as with sera from rabbits immunized with whole lactobacilli cells. RESULTS: The reactivity of isolated proteins detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting was heterogeneous and varied between different serum samples. The proteins with the highest immunoreactivity were isolated, purified and sequenced, in particular the fractions were identified as phosphoglycerate kinase (L. johnsonii 142), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (L. johnosnii 142, L. rhamnosus LOCK 0900), hypothetic protein JDM1_1307 (L. johnsonii 151) and fructose/tagatose-bisphosphate-aldolase (L. casei LOCK 0919). CONCLUSION: The different prevalence of reactions against tested antigens in rabbit, mouse and human sera may indicate significant differences in immune system and commensal cross-talk in these groups. The identification of immunoreactive lactobacilli proteins opens the possibility to use them as an antigens for development of vaccines.
- MeSH
- Immune Sera analysis immunology MeSH
- Bacterial Proteins analysis immunology MeSH
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel MeSH
- Rabbits MeSH
- Lactobacillus chemistry classification immunology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rabbits MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). The novel strains shared 99.2-99.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were also most related to the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities), pheS (84.6-87.8%), atpA (86.2-87.7%), hsp60 (89.4-90.4%) and tuf (92.7-93.6%) gene sequence similarities. Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. The name Lactobacillus rodentium sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate this group of new isolates. The type strain is MYMRS/TLU1T (=DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T).
- MeSH
- Genes, Bacterial MeSH
- DNA, Bacterial genetics MeSH
- Fermentation MeSH
- Phylogeny * MeSH
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization MeSH
- Lactobacillus classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Fatty Acids chemistry MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- Mice microbiology MeSH
- Peptidoglycan chemistry MeSH
- Rectum microbiology MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Bacterial Typing Techniques MeSH
- Intestine, Small microbiology MeSH
- Base Composition MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice microbiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
A taxonomic study was performed on Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and regular rod-shaped bacterial strains R4B(T) and R4C, isolated from the stomachs of honeybees. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the phylogenetic position of the novel strains was within the genus Lactobacillus; the highest sequence similarity to R4B(T) was shown by Lactobacillus acidophilus BCRC 10695(T) (93.6 %). Lower sequence similarities were found to other obligately homofermentative lactobacilli. A PCR-DGGE method could detect the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of strain R4B(T) at different developmental stages of honeybees occurring in two different locations in the Czech Republic. The distinctiveness of the strains from other lactobacilli was also confirmed by analysis of sequences of other phylogenetic markers applicable to the taxonomy of the genus Lactobacillus, ribotyping and rep-PCR analysis. The DNA G+C content of strain R4B(T) was 41.3 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain R4B(T) were C18 : 1ω9c, summed C19 : 1ω6c/C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c, C16 : 0, summed C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c and summed C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. The major polar lipids of strain R4B(T) were glycolipids, lipids and phospholipids. Phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics also confirmed the independent status of the strains at the species level. Interestingly, strain R4B(T) was able to inhibit growth in vitro of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae (causal agent of American foulbrood in honeybees) and Melissococcus plutonius (causal agent of European foulbrood). The name Lactobacillus apis sp. nov. is proposed for this novel taxon; the type strain is R4B(T) ( = CCM 8403(T) = LMG 26964(T)).
- MeSH
- Antibiosis * MeSH
- DNA, Bacterial genetics MeSH
- Enterococcaceae pathogenicity MeSH
- Phospholipids chemistry MeSH
- Phylogeny * MeSH
- Lactobacillus classification genetics isolation & purification physiology MeSH
- Fatty Acids chemistry MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- Paenibacillus pathogenicity MeSH
- Ribotyping MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Bacterial Typing Techniques MeSH
- Bees microbiology MeSH
- Stomach microbiology MeSH
- Base Composition MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- United States MeSH
Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. Mboho2r2 isolated from the stomach of a European honeybee (Apis mellifera). Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. However, phylogenetic analyses based on different markers revealed that this species is phylogenetically very distant from the novel strains. The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a phospholipid, seven glycolipids and two phosphoglycolipids were detected in the novel strains. Growth was observed at 47 °C. The peptidoglycan type A4α L-Lys-D-Asp was determined for strain BTLCH M1/2(T). Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)).
- MeSH
- Genes, Bacterial MeSH
- DNA, Bacterial genetics MeSH
- Phylogeny * MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Tract microbiology MeSH
- Lactobacillus classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Fatty Acids chemistry MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- Peptidoglycan chemistry MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Bacterial Typing Techniques MeSH
- Bees microbiology MeSH
- Base Composition MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Niektoré kmene laktobacilov sú vďaka svojim probiotickým vlastnostiam využívané v potravinárstve a vo výživových doplnkoch. Na našom pracovisku je testovaných 8 kmeňov laktobacilov, pochádzajúcich zo žalúdočných slizníc jahňaťa a kozľaťa, na potenciálne využitie v probiotických prípravkoch pre humánnu, a/alebo veterinárnu medicínu. Sanguinarín je majoritným alkaloidom in vitro kultúr rastlín čeľade Papaveraceae. Vďaka svojmu antimikróbnemu, antimykotickému, antiplakovému a protizápalovému účinku našiel uplatnenie v stomatologických prípravkoch. Spolu s ďalšími alkaloidmi je obsiahnutý aj v prípravku na zvýšenie apetítu hospodárskych zvierat. V tejto práci sme sa zamerali na sledovanie antibakteriálneho vplyvu sanguinarínu, vyizolovaného zo suspenzných kultúr maku siateho, na vybrané kmene laktobacilov. Z nami testovaných laktobacilov bol voči sanguinarínu najmenej citlivý L. reuteri KO5 s MIC 0,6 mg.ml-1. Nasledovali L. murinus C, L. mucosae D a L. plantarum KG4, zhodne s MIC 0,3 mg.ml-1. V prípade použitia kombinácie dvoch a viacerých kmeňov mikroorganizmov v jednom prípravku je potrebné poznať ich vzájomnú schopnosť ovplyvňovať svoj rast a prežívanie. Na testovanie vzájomného vplyvu laktobacilov bola použitá prúžková metóda na agarových platniach. Zo získaných výsledkov vyplýva, že pre použitie v kombinovaných prípravkoch sú najvhodnejšie kmene L. reuteri E, L. plantarum KG1 a L. reuteri KO4m. Kľúčové slová: Lactobacillus spp. • probiotiká • výživové doplnky • sanguinarín
Some lactobacilli strains are used as probiotics in food industry and in dietary supplements. Eight lactobacilli strains, originated from the stomach of the lamb and goatling, are tested for their potential use in human and/or veterinary medicine in our department. Sanguinarine is a major alkaloid of Papaveraceae suspension cultures. For its antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-plaque and anti-inflammatory properties sanguinarine found application in dental preparations. A mixture of sanguinarine with other alkaloids is used for appetite stimulation of livestock. This paper is focused on testing of selected lactobacilli sensitivity to sanguinarine, isolated from the opium poppy suspension cultures. L. reuteri KO5 demonstrated the lowest sensitivity (MIC 0.6 mg.l-1). Other less sensitive strains were L. murinus C, L. mucosae D and L. plantarum KG4 (MIC 0.3 mg.l-1). For a combination of more strains of microorganisms in one preparation it is necessary to know their ability to influence their growth and survival. To test the mutual influence of lactobacilli, the streak line method on agar plates was used. The results show that the strains L. reuteri E, L. plantarum KG1 a L. reuteri KO4m are the most suitable ones for the use in combinations. Keywords: Lactobacillus spp. • probiotics • food supplements • sanguinarine
A group of lactobacilli isolated from the cervix of 31 healthy women was characterized by (GTG)(5)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting in order to evaluate this method for identification of vaginal lactobacilli. Obtained fingerprints were compared with profiles available in an in-house database of the CCM bacteria collection covering type and reference strains of multiple lactic acid bacteria including lactobacilli. Selected strains representing individual clusters were further identified by pheS gene sequencing. In total, six lactobacillus species were found among lactobacilli isolated from the cervix of healthy women. The (GTG)(5)-PCR method identified Lactobacillus gasseri (11 strains), Lactobacillus fermentum (one), and some of the Lactobacillus jensenii strains (eight out of 11), but failed to identify the remaining strains, including the Lactobacillus crispatus (18), Lactobacillus mucosae (one), and Lactobacillus vaginalis (one) species. L. jensenii strains were distributed over two fingerprint clusters. The majority of samples was dominated by one (GTG)(5)-PCR type. The rep-PCR fingerprinting using the (GTG)(5) primer allowed straightforward identification of many, but not all, isolates. This method has been shown to be a useful tool for fast screening and grouping of vaginal lactobacilli, but its combination with another identification method is needed to obtain reliable identification results. In addition, Lactobacillus acidophilus was not shown to be the most common inhabitant of the female genital tract as generally assumed.
- MeSH
- Cervix Uteri microbiology MeSH
- DNA, Bacterial genetics MeSH
- DNA Fingerprinting methods MeSH
- DNA Primers genetics MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Lactobacillus classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Polymerase Chain Reaction methods MeSH
- Bacterial Typing Techniques MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Evaluation Study MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
