Five cases of patients with systemic connective tissue diseases (CTD) who developed connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) with progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) are reported here. Unspecified ILD was diagnosed using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Histologically, all cases were usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) with findings of advanced (3/5) to diffuse (2/5) fibrosis, with a partially (4/5) to completely (1/5) formed image of a honeycomb lung. The fibrosis itself spread subpleurally and periseptally to more central parts (2/5) of the lung, around the alveolar ducts (2/5), or even without predisposition (1/5). Simultaneously, there was architectural reconstruction based on the mutual fusion of fibrosis without compression of the surrounding lung parenchyma (1/5), or with its compression (4/5). The whole process was accompanied by multifocal (1/5), dispersed (2/5), or organized inflammation in aggregates and lymphoid follicles (2/5). As a result of continuous fibroproduction and maturation of the connective tissue, the alveolar septa thickened, delimiting groups of alveoli that merged into air bullae. Few indistinctly visible (2/5), few clearly visible (1/5), multiple indistinctly visible (1/5), and multiple clearly visible (1/5) fibroblastic foci were present. Among the concomitant changes, areas of emphysema, bronchioloectasia, and bronchiectasis, as well as bronchial and vessel wall hypertrophy, and mucostasis in the alveoli and edema were observed. The differences in the histological appearance of usual interstitial pneumonia associated with systemic connective tissue diseases (CTD-UIP) versus the pattern associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF-UIP) are discussed here. The main differences lie in spreading lung fibrosis, architectural lung remodeling, fibroblastic foci, and inflammatory infiltrates.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- idiopatická plicní fibróza patologie komplikace MeSH
- intersticiální plicní nemoci * patologie komplikace MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci pojiva * patologie komplikace MeSH
- plíce patologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Regarding the use of lung ultrasound (LU) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across Europe, to assess how widely it is used, for what indications and how its implementation might be improved. DESIGN AND INTERVENTION: International online survey. RESULTS: Replies were received from 560 NICUs in 24 countries between January and May 2023. LU uptake varied considerably (20%-98% of NICUs) between countries. In 428 units (76%), LU was used for clinical indications, while 34 units (6%) only used it for research purposes. One-third of units had <2 years of experience, and only 71 units (13%) had >5 years of experience. LU was mainly performed by neonatologists. LU was most frequently used to diagnose respiratory diseases (68%), to evaluate an infant experiencing acute clinical deterioration (53%) and to guide surfactant treatment (39%). The main pathologies diagnosed by LU were pleural effusion, pneumothorax, transient tachypnoea of the newborn and respiratory distress syndrome. The main barriers for implementation were lack of experience with technical aspects and/or image interpretation. Most units indicated that specific courses and an international guideline on neonatal LU could promote uptake of this technique. CONCLUSIONS: Although LU has been adopted in neonatal care in most European countries, the uptake is highly variable. The main indications are diagnosis of lung disease, evaluation of acute clinical deterioration and guidance of surfactant. Implementation may be improved by developing courses and publishing an international guideline.
- MeSH
- jednotky intenzivní péče o novorozence * MeSH
- lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- plíce * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- syndrom respirační tísně novorozenců diagnostické zobrazování terapie MeSH
- ultrasonografie * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
BACKGROUND: Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) with one-way endobronchial valves (EBV) has better outcomes when the target lobe has poor collateral ventilation, resulting in complete lobe atelectasis. High-inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2) promotes atelectasis through faster gas absorption after airway occlusion, but its application during BLVR with EBV has been poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the real-time effects of FIO2 on regional lung volumes and regional ventilation/perfusion by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) during BLVR with EBV. METHODS: Six piglets were submitted to left lower lobe occlusion by a balloon-catheter and EBV valves with FIO2 0.5 and 1.0. Regional end-expiratory lung impedances (EELI) and regional ventilation/perfusion were monitored. Local pocket pressure measurements were obtained (balloon occlusion method). One animal underwent simultaneous acquisitions of computed tomography (CT) and EIT. Regions-of-interest (ROIs) were right and left hemithoraces. RESULTS: Following balloon occlusion, a steep decrease in left ROI-EELI with FIO2 1.0 occurred, 3-fold greater than with 0.5 (p < 0.001). Higher FIO2 also enhanced the final volume reduction (ROI-EELI) achieved by each valve (p < 0.01). CT analysis confirmed the denser atelectasis and greater volume reduction achieved by higher FIO2 (1.0) during balloon occlusion or during valve placement. CT and pocket pressure data agreed well with EIT findings, indicating greater strain redistribution with higher FIO2. CONCLUSIONS: EIT demonstrated in real-time a faster and more complete volume reduction in the occluded lung regions under high FIO2 (1.0), as compared to 0.5. Immediate changes in the ventilation and perfusion of ipsilateral non-target lung regions were also detected, providing better estimates of the full impact of each valve in place. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.
- MeSH
- atelektáza diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- bronchoskopie * metody MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- elektrická impedance * MeSH
- měření objemu plic metody MeSH
- plíce diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie chirurgie fyziologie MeSH
- pneumektomie metody MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- tomografie metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Despite many technological advances, the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopic peripheral lung nodule analysis remains limited due to frequent mispositioning. Needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) enables real-time microscopic feedback on needle positioning, potentially improving the sampling location and diagnostic yield. Previous studies have defined and validated nCLE criteria for malignancy, airway and lung parenchyma. Larger studies demonstrating the effect of nCLE on diagnostic yield are lacking. We aim to investigate if nCLE-imaging integrated with conventional bronchoscopy results in a higher diagnostic yield compared with conventional bronchoscopy without nCLE. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a parallel-group randomised controlled trial. Recruitment is performed at pulmonology outpatient clinics in universities and general hospitals in six different European countries and one hospital in the USA. Consecutive patients with a for malignancy suspected peripheral lung nodule (10-30 mm) with an indication for diagnostic bronchoscopy will be screened, and 208 patients will be included. Web-based randomisation (1:1) between the two procedures will be performed. The primary outcome is diagnostic yield. Secondary outcomes include diagnostic sensitivity for malignancy, needle repositionings, procedure and fluoroscopy duration, and complications. Pathologists will be blinded to procedure type; patients and endoscopists will not. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Primary approval by the Ethics Committee of the Amsterdam University Medical Center. Dissemination involves publication in a peer-reviewed journal. SUPPORT: Financial and material support from Mauna Kea Technologies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06079970.
- MeSH
- bronchoskopie * metody MeSH
- jehly MeSH
- konfokální mikroskopie * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multicentrické studie jako téma MeSH
- nádory plic * patologie diagnóza diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- plíce patologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- solitární plicní uzel * patologie diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- protokol klinické studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: A recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO) was issued about the use of chest imaging to monitor pulmonary sequelae following recovery from COVID-19. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspective of key stakeholders to understand their valuation of the outcome of the proposition, preferences for the modalities of chest imaging, acceptability, feasibility, impact on equity and practical considerations influencing the implementation of using chest imaging. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive design using in-depth interviews approach. Key stakeholders included adult patients who recovered from the acute illness of COVID-19, and providers caring for those patients. The Evidence to Decision (EtD) conceptual framework was used to guide data collection of contextual and practical factors related to monitoring using imaging. Data analysis was based on the framework thematic analysis approach. RESULTS: 33 respondents, including providers and patients, were recruited from 15 different countries. Participants highly valued the ability to monitor progression and resolution of long-term sequelae but recommended the avoidance of overuse of imaging. Their preferences for the imaging modalities were recorded along with pros and cons. Equity concerns were reported across countries (e.g., access to resources) and within countries (e.g., disadvantaged groups lacked access to insurance). Both providers and patients accepted the use of imaging, some patients were concerned about affordability of the test. Facilitators included post- recovery units and protocols. Barriers to feasibility included low number of specialists in some countries, access to imaging tests among elderly living in nursing homes, experience of poor coordination of care, emotional exhaustion, and transportation challenges driving to a monitoring site. CONCLUSION: We were able to demonstrate that there is a high value and acceptability using imaging but there were factors influencing feasibility, equity and some practical considerations associated with implementation. We had a few suggestions to be considered by the expert panel in the formulation of the guideline to facilitate its implementation such as using validated risk score predictive tools for lung complications to recommend the appropriate imaging modality and complementary pulmonary function test.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kvalitativní výzkum * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plíce diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace * MeSH
- účast zainteresovaných stran MeSH
- zdravotnický personál MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Ultrazvuk plic a hrudních dutin se stal součástí rutinního vyšetření na intenzivních péčích i na příjmových a standardních odděleních. Cílené vyšetření u lůžka nemocného je využíváno především k vyloučení hrudního výpotku, pneumotoraxu, k posouzení hyperemie při plicním edému nebo konsolidace tkáně při pneumonii, a v neposlední řadě jako vodítko k procedurám, především k hrudním punkcím a drenážím.
Lungs and chest cavities ultrasound has become the standard part of the examinations in intensive care as well as in admission and standard wards. The targeted point-of-care examination is mainly used to rule out chest effusion, and pneumothorax, to assess hyperemia in pulmonary edema or tissue consolidation in pneumonia, and last but not least as a guide to procedures, especially chest punctures and drainages.
Point-of-care ultrasonografia (POCUS) predstavuje formu ultrasonografie, keď ošetrujúci lekár vykonáva ultrasonogra- fické vyšetrenie pri lôžku pacienta v reálnom čase, čo mu umožňuje hodnotiť aj dynamické zmeny USG obrazu a nálezy priamo korelovať so symptómami pacienta. Lekár vykonávajúci POCUS má zvyčajne na mysli konkrétnu klinickú otázku, ktorú si chce sonografickým vyšetrením zodpovedať. POCUS má potenciál zefektívniť diagnostiku, liečbu, monitoring a skríning mnohých ochorení u interne chorých pacientov, jeho postavenie v rámci vnútorného lekárstva však zatiaľ nie je jasne zadefinované. Článok sa venuje potenciálnym výhodám POCUS-u v kontexte vnútorného lekárstva, dátam o využití POCUS-u v reálnej klinickej praxi relevantnej pre internistu a dátam o využití tzv. vreckových USG prístrojov.
Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is a form of ultrasonography where the attending physician performs an ultrasonographic examination at the patient's bedside in real-time, which allows him to evaluate dynamic changes in the sonographic image and directly correlate the findings with the patient's symptoms. The doctor performing POCUS has a specific clinical question in mind that he wants to answer with the sonographic examination. POCUS has the potential to streamline the diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and screening of many diseases in internally ill patients, but its position within internal medicine is not yet clearly defined. The present work is devoted to the potential advantages of POCUS in internal medicine, data on the use of POCUS in an actual clinical practice relevant to the internist, and data on the use of the so-called pocket ultrasound devices.
- MeSH
- aneurysma břišní aorty diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- ascites diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- hemodynamické monitorování metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- močové ústrojí diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- periferní katetrizace metody MeSH
- pleurální výpotek diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- plíce diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- srdce diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- thorakocentéza metody MeSH
- ultrasonografie * metody MeSH
- vyšetření u lůžka MeSH
- žilní tromboembolie diagnostické zobrazování prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Amyloidosis is a rare metabolic disorder primarily brought on by misfolding of an autologous protein, which causes its local or systemic deposition in an aberrant fibrillar form. It is quite rare for pulmonary tissue to be impacted by amyloidosis; of the three forms it can take when involving pulmonary tissue, nodular pulmonary amyloidosis is the most uncommon. Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis rarely induces clinical symptoms, and most often, it is discovered accidentally during an autopsy or via imaging techniques. Only one case of nodular pulmonary amyloidosis, which manifested as a spontaneous pneumothorax, was found in the literature. In terms of more precise subtyping, nodular amyloidosis is typically AL or mixed AL/AH type. No publications on AH-dominant type of nodular amyloidosis were found in the literature. We present a case of an 81 years-old male with nodular pulmonary AH-dominant type amyloidosis who presented with spontaneous pneumothorax. For a deeper understanding of the subject, this study also provides a review of the literature on cases with nodular pulmonary amyloidosis in relation to precise amyloid fibril subtyping. Since it is often a difficult process, accurate amyloid type identification is rarely accomplished. However, this information is very helpful for identifying the underlying disease process (if any) and outlining the subsequent diagnostic and treatment steps. Even so, it is crucial to be aware of this unit and make sure it is taken into consideration when making a differential diagnosis of pulmonary lesions.
- MeSH
- amyloidóza * komplikace diagnóza patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plíce diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- plicní nemoci * komplikace diagnóza patologie MeSH
- pneumotorax * diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
AIM: To investigate the feasibility of semiautomatic quantification of mosaic perfusion and the associations between mosaic perfusion on computed tomography (CT; the ratio of hypoperfused parenchyma to the whole lung volume) and haemodynamic parameters through linear regression analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight consecutive patients (mean age 66 years, 28 females) diagnosed with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in General University Hospital, Prague, in 2021 were evaluated retrospectively and underwent both right heart catheterisation and CT pulmonary angiography. The parameters derived from the CT examinations were correlated with the recorded haemodynamic parameters. RESULTS: A method was developed for semiautomatic detection of hypoperfused tissue from CT using widely available software and a statistically significant correlation was found between the proportion of hypoperfused parenchyma and the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP; R2 0.22; p<0.01) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR; R2 0.09; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The developed method facilitates the quantification of mosaic perfusion, which is associated with important haemodynamic parameters (mPAP and PVR) in patients with CTEPH.
- MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- hemodynamika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci cév * komplikace MeSH
- perfuze MeSH
- plíce diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- plicní embolie * komplikace diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- plicní hypertenze * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Článek je věnován zajímavému případu pacienta s infiltrativním plicním procesem a neobvyklým endobronchiálním nálezem. K problematice je přistupováno z pohledu bronchologa. Primárně zvažovaná diagnóza plicní tuberkulózy příliš nekorelovala s rozsáhlým deformujícím, fistulujícím endobronchiálním nálezem, který není pro diagnózu tuberkulózy typický. Ani opakovaná mikrobiologická vyšetření neprokázala mykobakteriální infekci. V rámci diagnostického procesu byla tedy zvažována široká diferenciální diagnostika, včetně karcinomu jícnu a jiných maligních procesů postihujících mediastinum, dále nespecifické střevní záněty, systémová onemocnění pojiva a také infekční etiologie. Bioptická verifikace se opakovaně nedařila a stav pacienta se nadále zhoršoval. Konečná diagnóza lymfomu byla překvapením, ale pro pacienta znamenala určitou naději.
The article discusses an intriguing case of a patient who presented with an infiltrative pulmonary process and an uncommon endobronchial finding. The issue was analyzed from a bronchologist's perspective. The initial diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was not strongly supported by the extensive deforming, fistulizing endobronchial findings, which are not typical of tuberculosis. Repeated microbiological examinations did not reveal mycobacterial infection. During the diagnostic process, a broad range of differential diagnoses was considered, including esophageal cancer and other malignant processes affecting the mediastinum, as well as non-specific intestinal inflammations, systemic connective tissue diseases, and infectious etiologies. Despite repeated attempts at biopsy verification, the patient's condition continued to worsen. The final diagnosis of lymphoma was a surprise, but it did mean some hope for this patient.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- bronchoskopie metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
- Hodgkinova nemoc * diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plíce diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- tuberkulóza diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
