BACKGROUND: Delayed hypopituitarism is the most common complication after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pituitary adenomas. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between neuroanatomic structure distances from the radiation target and anterior pituitary function preservation after SRS through multicenter study. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation database from January 2002 to December 2021 for adult patients undergoing SRS for pituitary adenomas with >6 months of follow-up. Distances between centers or edges of hypothalamic-pituitary axis structures and SRS target volumes were measured using MRI. The primary outcome was anterior pituitary function preservation. Predictors were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) curve analyses. RESULTS: Four hundred eighty-seven patients were categorized by preservation (n = 384) and no preservation (n = 103) of anterior pituitary function. The mean margin dose was 19.1(6.2) Gy. Larger distance from the center of the stalk to the tumor margin isodose was a positive predictor (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.162 [1.046-1.291], P = .005), while pre-SRS hypopituitarism (aOR = 0.646 [0.405-1.031], P = .067) and larger treatment volume (aOR = 0.965 [0.929-1.002], P = .061) were near negative predictors of the primary outcome. An interaction between the treatment volume and center stalk to margin isodose distance was found (aOR = 0.980 [0.961-0.999], P = .045). Center stalk to margin isodose distance had an AUROC of 0.620 (0.557-0.693), at 3.95-mm distance. For patients with treatment volumes of <2.34 mL, center stalk to margin isodose distance had an AUROC of 0.719 (0.614-0.823), at 2.95-mm distance. CONCLUSION: Achieving a distance between the center of the pituitary stalk and the tumor margin isodose ≥3.95 mm predicted anterior pituitary function preservation. For smaller treatment volumes <2.34 mL, the optimal distance was ≥2.95 mm. This may be modifiable during trans-sphenoidal resection to preserve pituitary function.
- MeSH
- adenom * diagnostické zobrazování radioterapie chirurgie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypofýza diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie patologie MeSH
- hypopituitarismus * etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory hypofýzy * radioterapie chirurgie komplikace MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- radiochirurgie * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
Diferenciální diagnostika zvětšení hypofýzy zahrnuje fyziologické a patologické procesy. Používání termínu hyperplazie hypofýzy, hypofyzitida nebo selární expanze není v české ani zahraniční literatuře konzistentní a popisuje nález zvětšení hypofýzy při zobrazovacím vyšetření bez ohledu na příčinu. Nejčastější příčinou nefyziologického zvětšení hypofýzy je adenom. Další příčiny zahrnují fyziologické zvětšení v třetím trimestru gravidity, jiné primární a sekundární nádory, autoimunitní hypofyzitidu, infiltrativní procesy při sarkoidóze, histiocytóze a další. Narůstá incidence hypofyzitidy vzniklé v důsledku onkologické imunoterapie checkpoint inhibitory.
Enlargement of the pituitary gland is heterogenous in the etiology. Common causes of pituitary enlargement are physiological hypertrophy during pregnancy, primary and secondary tumors, autoimmune hypophysitis including side effects of anticancer therapy with check-point inhibitors. Terms like hypertrophy, hyperplasia, sellar expansion and hypophysitis are commonly used to describe enlargement of the pituitary gland on MR scan regardless its etiology. The most common pathology causing pituitary gland enlargement is pituitary adenoma. Magnetic resonance imaging can differentiate pituitary tumors from diffuse enlargement due to hypophysitis in most but not all cases. Changes on imaging during time or response to pharmacotherapy might help determine the final diagnosis in uncertain cases. We present a case report of a young woman with sellar expansion due to prolonged untreated peripheral hypothyroidism mimicking pituitary adenoma. Interdisciplinary cooperation of endocrinologist, radiologist and neurosurgeon is crucial in determining the diagnosis.
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hydrokortison analýza terapeutické užití MeSH
- hypofýza diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- hypofyzitida diagnóza klasifikace patologie terapie MeSH
- hypotyreóza diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- inhibitory kontrolních bodů terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mozek diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- nádory hypofýzy diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- nemoci hypofýzy * diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie farmakoterapie klasifikace patologie MeSH
- opožděná diagnóza MeSH
- thyroxin terapeutické užití MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approaches are broadly used nowadays for a vast spectrum of pathologies sited in the anterior and middle cranial fossa. The usage of neuronavigation systems (neuronavigation) in these surgeries is crucial for improving orientations deeply inside the skull and increasing patient safety. METHODS: The aim of this study was to assess the use of optical neuronavigation, together with an intraoperative O-arm O2 imaging system, in a group of patients with hypophyseal adenoma that underwent a transnasal transsphenoidal surgery, and correlate the accuracy and its deviation during the navigational process against the use of conventional neuronavigation that uses preoperative MRI and CT scans. The overall group consisted of six patients, between 39 and 78 years old, with a diagnosis of hypophyseal adenoma. Patients were treated with an endoscopic transsphenoidal technique and all of them underwent preoperative MRI and CT scans of the brain. These images were used in the neuronavigation system StealthStation S7® during the surgery, where we defined two bony anatomical landmarks, such as a vomer or the origin of an intrasphenoidal septum, in each operated patient. The tip of the navigational instrument, under endoscopic control, pointed to these landmarks and the distance between the tip and the bony structure was measured on the neuronavigation system. Afterwards, intraoperative 3D x-ray imaging was performed via the mobile system O-arm O2® system with automatic transfer into the navigational system. Under endoscopic guidance, we localized the identical bony anatomical landmarks used in the previous measurement and re-measured the distance between the tip and bony landmark in images acquired by the O-arm. The results of both measurements were statistically compared. RESULTS: The mean error of accuracy during conventional neuronavigation with usage of preoperative CT and MRI scans was 2.65 mm. During the neuronavigation, with utilization of intraoperative 3D O-arm images, the mean error of accuracy 0 mm. These mean errors of accuracy (both measurement methods were compared by nonparametric Wilcoxon test) had a statistically significant difference (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: Based on this preliminary clinical study, we conclude that the O-arm is capable of providing intraoperative x-ray 3D images in sufficient spatial resolution in a clinically feasible acquisition. The mean error of accuracy during intraoperative navigation, based on 3D O-arm scans at the skull base, is significantly lower compared to the usage of navigation using conventional presurgical CT and MRI images. This suggests the suitability of this method for utilization during endoscopic endonasal skull base approaches.
- MeSH
- adenom * diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- baze lební * diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- chirurgie s pomocí počítače * metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypofýza * diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- nádory hypofýzy * diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- neuronavigace metody MeSH
- peroperační doba MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transanální endoskopická chirurgie * metody MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cushingov syndróm (CS) je pomerne vzácne ochorenie charakterizované autonómnou hypersekréciou kortizolu. Ročná incidencia CS je 2–3/milión obyvateľov. Incidencia akromegálie je 3–4 pacienti na 1 000 000 za rok. Ochorenie je spôsobené hypersekréciou rastového hormónu (RH) v 99 % na podklade adenómu hypofýzy. V našej kazuistike prezentujeme 41-ročnú ženu s kombináciou Cushingovho syndrómu a akromegálie. Pacientka bola vyšetrená v NEDU Ľubochňa pre centripetálny typ obezity a hirzutizmus. Laboratórne bola prítomná hyperkortizolémia bez cirkadiánnej variácie, hyperkortizolúria s ele-vovanou hladinou adrenokortikotropného hormónu (ACTH). Realizovaná 2 mg dexametazónová blokáda bez adekvátnej supresie kortizolu v sére a moči až v 8 mg blokáde došlo k supresii kortizolúrie. Magnetická rezonancia (MR) s nálezom v. s. pikoadenómu hypofýzy veľkosti 2 mm. Následne bola realizovaná transsfenoidálna resekcia pikoadenómu hypofýzy. Histopatologické a imunohistochemické nálezy neodhalili ACTH produkujúci adenóm hypofýzy. Pozákrokovo pretrvával hyperkortizolizmus s novozachyteným hypersomatotropizmom. Do liečby bol pridaný Ketokonazol 200 mg tbl 1/2-0-1 a Lanreotid v dávke 120 mg každých 42 dní. Kontrolná MR hypofýzy preukázala drobnú ložiskovú štruktúru s rozmermi 3 × 4 mm. Po súhlase pacientky s odstupom 3 rokov bola vykonaná endoskopická revízia rezidua. Histologické a imunohistochemické vyšetrenia bez potvrdenia adenómu s ACTH a RH sekréciou. Pozákrokovo opäť nedošlo k znormalizovaniu plazmatických hladín IGF-1 s pretrvávaním hyperkortizolizmu. Bola opätovne začatá liečba Lanreotidom v pôvodnej dávke ako aj Ketokonazolom s na-výšením dávky 200 mg na 3-krát 1 tbl.
Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a relatively rare disease characterized by autonomous hypersecretion of cortisol. The incidence of CS is estimated to be equal to 2–3 cases per million inhabitants per year. The incidence of acromegaly is 3–4 patients per 1 000 000 per year. The disease is caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone which is mainly caused by benign tumour of the pituitary gland. In our case report we present a 41- year old woman suffering from both Cushing's syndrome and acromegaly. The patient was examined in National Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology Ľubochňa for a centripetal type of obesity and hirsutism. Laboratory tests revealed high plasma cortisol levels without circulating variation, hypercortisoluria and elevated plasmatic levels of ACTH. A 2 mg dexamethasone blockade was performedwithout adequate cortisol suppression in serum and urine up to 8 mg blockade resulted in suppression of 24 hour urine free cortisol. A magnetic resonance imaging (MR) scan revealed suspectpikoadenoma of the pituitary gland (size 2 mm). Subsequentlytrans-sphenoidal resection was performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations did not reveal the ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma. After surgery hypercortisolism persisted with newly revealed hypersomatotropism. Treatment with Ketoconazole at dose 200 mg 1/ 2-0-1 and somatostatin analogues (Lanreotide) at dose 120 mg every 42 days were initiated. Control magnetic resonance imaging of the sella demonstrated small tumour of pituary gland of size 3 × 5 mm. Later 3 years after firstsurgery another transsphenoidal resection of residue was performed. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations did not confirmadenoma with ACTH and RH secretion. After second surgery, IGF-1 plasma levels were not normalized with persistence of hypercortisolism. The treatment with Lanreotide at the initial dose as well as Ketoconazole was reinitiated (with increased dose of Ketoconazole to 1-1-1 tbl per 200 mg).
- MeSH
- akromegalie etiologie MeSH
- Cushingův syndrom * chirurgie diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hydrokortison analýza krev moč MeSH
- hypersekrece ACTH v hypofýze MeSH
- hypofýza chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- ketokonazol terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- růstový hormon MeSH
- somatostatin analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hyperprolaktinemie * diagnóza etiologie chemicky indukované terapie MeSH
- hypofýza diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- prolaktin analýza MeSH
- prolaktinom diagnóza MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICI) represent a new therapy option for the treatment of several advanced tumors. However, this therapy has been linked to a spectrum of ICI related autoimmune (AI) adverse events. Some may be life threatening and their diagnosis is tricky. The aim of our study was to describe various imaging appearances of ICI related secondary hypophysitis and other coincidental AI diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 28 patients (19 females, 9 men, mean aged 58±13 years), who were consecutively treated mostly for advanced stage melanoma by different ICI. All their CT/MRI records and clinical data were reviewed. RESULTS: We found 5 (18%) cases of endocrinology proven secondary hypophysitis; 2 cases of panhypopituitarism and 3 cases of central hypocortisolism. Four cases were MRI positive, 1 case was MRI negative. Three cases were accompanied by other AI diseases: 1 by hemorrhagic colitis and mesenterial lymphadenitis, 1 by AI pancreatitis and 1 by pneumonitis. On MRI pituitary gland was swollen in 3 cases, twice enhanced non-homogenously, once homogenously; infundibular enlargement was present in 2 cases. Those 3 cases reacted to glucocorticoid therapy by hypophyseal shrinkage. In 1 case of MRI positive hypophysitis, the pituitary gland was not enlarged, slightly nonhomogeneous with peripheral contour enhancement; no reaction to glucocorticoids was mentioned. CONCLUSION: Secondary hypophysitis is probably more common ICI related adverse event than reported in the literature. Its MRI appearance is variable. Most of our cases were in coincidence with other AI ICI related events that affected their clinical manifestations.
- MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci chemicky indukované MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- hydrokortison nedostatek MeSH
- hypofýza diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- hypopituitarismus chemicky indukované diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- ipilimumab škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kolitida chemicky indukované MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfadenitida chemicky indukované MeSH
- lymfocytární hypofyzitida chemicky indukované diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- melanom farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- mezenterium MeSH
- nádory kůže farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- pankreatitida chemicky indukované MeSH
- pneumonie chemicky indukované diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- protinádorové látky imunologicky aktivní škodlivé účinky MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a very rare disease in adults and as well a very rare cause of sellar expansion. The clinical presentation can be heterogeneous, from a single bone lesion to potentially fatal, widespread disease. We describe the difficulties with the diagnosis and treatment of LCH as well as successful treatment with cladribine chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
- MeSH
- biopsie metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- histiocytóza z Langerhansových buněk * diagnóza genetika patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- hypofýza * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- imunosupresiva aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- kladribin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny B-raf genetika MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- transplantace kmenových buněk metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- hypofýza diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- kontrastní látky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- metodiky postupů * MeSH
- mozek * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- nádory orbity diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- tabulky MeSH