Hlavním cílem sdělení je představit odborné veřejnosti tréninkový program VRcity, který umožňuje komplexní trénink kognitivních schopností v prostředí virtuálního města. Tento program byl testován u skupiny zdravých seniorů. Na základě vybraných výsledků sdělení demonstruje validitu jednotlivých paradigmat a hlavní principy uplatňované u tréninkového systému (využití herních scénářů) i jednotlivých her (efekt nastavitelných parametrů pro úpravu náročnosti na výkon testovaných osob). Úkoly simulují běžné činnosti s cílem zvýšit ekologickou validitu tréninku. Navržený systém navíc umožňuje využití komplexní formy kognitivního tréninku kombinující opakování úkolů se zvyšující se náročností s nácvikem strategií potenciálně přenositelných do běžného života trénované osoby. Tréninkový program je navržen nejen pro populaci seniorů pro vytvoření kognitivní „rezervy“, ale umožňuje i uplatnění u klinických skupin s důrazem na neurodegenerativní onemocnění a psychiatrické populace s přítomným kognitivním deficitem.

The main aim of this paper is to present to professional community a training application VRcity, which enables comprehensive training of cognitive abilities in the virtual city environment. The program was tested in the population of healthy seniors. Based on selected results, we demonstrate the validity of individual paradigms, main principles applied in the training system in general (use of game scenarios) or in individual serious games (the effect of adjustable parameters on the performance of the tested person in terms of increasing difficulty level). The tasks are designed as simulations of daily activities in order to increase the ecological validity of the training. In addition, the proposed system allows the use of cognitive training combining repetition of tasks with increasing difficulty and the practice of strategies potentially transferable to everyday activities. The training program is designed not only for the elderly population to form a cognitive „reserve“, it can be utilized also in clinical groups with an emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders with cognitive symptoms.

• Keywords
• VRcity,
• MeSH
• Mental Disorders rehabilitation   MeSH
• Program Evaluation statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Cognitive Training * methods   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neurodegenerative Diseases rehabilitation   MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Simulation Training * methods   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Validation Studies as Topic MeSH
• Virtual Reality MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a nurse-led school-based sun protection programme in Turkey. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was performed at two public schools between February and October 2014. Children with written consent from their parents were screened by nurses for skin type, and 80 children at moderate to high risk for skin cancer were included in the study. The sample was randomized by age, gender and skin type. Stratified and block randomizations were used. The participants were separated into an intervention group (n=40) and control group (n=40). Data were collected using a personal information form and two scales for sun protection behaviour and self-efficacy. RESULTS: In the intervention group, the pretest mean score for sun protection behaviour was 19.25±5.44 and increased significantly in the posttest assessment (33.05±4.23, p<0.001). Self-efficacy scores also increased significantly after the intervention (pretest 20.50±6.68, post-test 35.85±4.70, p<0.001). However, there were no significant increases in mean sun protection behaviour or self-efficacy scores in the control group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: A nurse-led school-based sun protection programme effectively promoted children's self-efficacy and sun protection behaviour.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Program Evaluation statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Skin Neoplasms prevention & control   MeSH
• Protective Clothing MeSH
• Sunscreening Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• School Nursing methods   MeSH
• School Health Services * MeSH
• Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice * MeSH
• Health Education methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
• Geographicals
• Turkey MeSH

Tato studie je zaměřena na sledování a hodnocení dopadu povinného čipování na počty opuštěných psů ve městě. Bylo prokázáno, že povinné čipování významně snižuje počty opuštěných psů přijatých do útulku a zkracuje jejich dobu pobytu. Před zavedením povinného čipování (první období, 2004–2008) bylo do útulku přijato více psů opuštěných (51,8%) s mediánem doby pobytu 14 dní než psů ztracených (48,2%) s mediánem doby pobytu 1 den. Po zavedení povinného čipování (druhé období, 2010–2014) bylo přijato statisticky významně méně psů opuštěných (42,88%) s mediánem doby pobytu 12 dní v porovnání se psy ztracenými (57,12%) s mediánem doby pobytu 0 dní. V roce 2010, po zavedení povinného čipování, byl zaznamenán statisticky významný, ale dočasný nárůst počtu přijatých opuštěných psů. Povinné čipování psů se zdá být efektivním opatřením v problematice opuštěných zvířat. Díky zkrácení doby pobytu má povinné čipování také vliv na celkový welfare zvířat v útulku. Problémy s registrací čipovaných zvířat však limitují praktické uplatnění této metody permanentního a unikátního označení zvířat.

This study focused on monitoring and evaluation of impact of mandatory microchipping on numbers of abandoned dogs in city of Děčín. It has been demonstrated that mandatory microchipping of dogs significantly decreased numbers of abandoned dogs admitted to the shelter. In the Period 1 (2004-2008) before the mandatory microchipping was established, more abandoned dogs (51.8%, median length of stay “LOS” 14 days), entered the shelter, compared to lost dogs (48.2%) with median LOS 1 day. In the Period 2 (2010-2014), after the mandatory microchipping was established significantly less abandoned dogs (42.88%, median LOS 12 days) were admitted to the shelter compared to lost dogs (57.12%) with median LOS 0 days. There was significant, but temporary increase in the number of abanbdoned sheltered dogs in the year 2010, after introduction of the mandatory microchipping. Mandatory microchipping seems to be effective measure to fight animal abandonment. Shortening of the LOS of the dogs in the shelter can also improve welfare of sheltered animals. Problems with registration of microchipped animals limit the practical application of this method of permanent and unique identification of the animals.

• Keywords
• povinné čipování, opuštěný pes, útulky pro psy, útulky pro psi,
• MeSH
• Housing, Animal MeSH
• Program Evaluation * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Animal Identification Systems * statistics & numerical data   veterinary   MeSH
• Animal Welfare organization & administration   MeSH
• Mandatory Programs organization & administration   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Dogs * MeSH
• Registries MeSH
• Cities MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Dogs * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH
• Cities MeSH

„Nejlepší léčbou rakoviny prsu je její včasný záchyt“. V České republice existuje celoplošný auditovaný screening od roku 2003. Do konce roku 2014 bylo v ČR mamograficky vyšetřeno 5 546 037 žen, u 28 813 participantek byl odhalen zhoubný nádor, ve většině případů v časných stadiích s velmi úspěšnou léčbou a dobrou prognózou. Od roku 2003 do konce roku 2009 měly na pravidelné a bezplatné vyšetření jednou za dva roky nárok ženy ve věkové skupině 45 až 69 let. Od roku 2010 mají do screeningu přístup všechny ženy starší 45 let bez omezení horní věkové hranice. Účast žen ve screeningu přestoupila již v roce 2008 přes hranici 50 %, v roce 2014 dosáhla 62,8 %. Efektivita screeningu, nárůst proporce časných stadií a redukce úmrtnosti na karcinom prsu jsou pravidelně auditovány a vyhodnocovány z dat sbíraných ze všech 70 screeningových center.

In the Czech Republic a countrywide mammographic screening has been in function since 2003. Thus, 5 546 037 women have been mammographically examined till the end of 2014 with 28 813 breast cancers detected, vast majority of them in early stages with a good chance for effective therapy and excellent prognosis. In the years 2003–2009 regular and health insurance paid examinations were available to women in age 45–69. Since 2010 mammographic screening has been extended beyond 69 years of age with no upper limit. The participation of Czech women in mammographic screening exceeded 50 % already in 2008, in 2014 reached even 62,8 %. Effectiveness of screening, increasing proportion of early stages and reduction of breast cancer mortality have been regularly audited and evaluated based on data collected from all 70 Czech breast cancer screening units.

• Keywords
• mamografický screening,
• MeSH
• Early Detection of Cancer MeSH
• Databases, Factual MeSH
• Program Evaluation statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mammography * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Breast Neoplasms * epidemiology   prevention & control   radiography   MeSH
• Patient Acceptance of Health Care statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Mass Screening * organization & administration   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Registries MeSH
• Quality Control MeSH
• Data Collection MeSH
• Secondary Prevention MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• MeSH
• Consumer Behavior MeSH
• Dietary Services MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Program Evaluation * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Commerce MeSH
• Obesity diet therapy   MeSH
• Counseling MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Diet, Reducing * methods   MeSH
• Food Services * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH

Článek je zaměřen na výsledky projektů realizovaných v letech 2013–2014 na Pedagogické fakultě Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci v rámci specifického vysokoškolského výzkumu. Tyto projekty byly prováděny výzkumným týmem vedeným profesorem Milanem Valentou, formálně rozděleným podle předmětů výzkumu do jednotlivých segmentů. V daném článku je popsán především výstup segmentu B, který se zabýval expresivně-formativními přístupy ke klientům, kterými byli senioři s demencí (se zvláštním důrazem na atroficko-degenerativní a ischemické demence) v rezidenční péči.

This paper focuses on the results of specific university research projects carried out at the Faculty of Education at Palacky University in Olomouc in 2013–2014. These projects were conducted by the research team led by prof. Milan Valenta, formally divided according to objective-oriented project segments. In this paper, it is mainly a description of the output of the segment B, which dealt with the expressive-formative approaches applied to the senior citizens dependent on the care (with special emphasis on atrophic-degenerative and ischemic dementia).

• Keywords
• expresivně-formativní metody,
• MeSH
• Dementia MeSH
• Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures MeSH
• Assisted Living Facilities MeSH
• Program Evaluation statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Psychotherapy MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Research MeSH
• Health Services for the Aged * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH

AIM: To study the effect of a universal prevention intervention targeting cannabis use in individual children with different risk profiles. METHODS: A school-based randomized controlled prevention trial was conducted over a period of 33 months (n=1874 sixth-graders, baseline mean age 11.82). We used a two-level random intercept logistic model for panel data to predict the probabilities of cannabis use for each child. Specifically, we used eight risk/protective factors to characterize each child and then predicted two probabilities of cannabis use for each child if the child had the intervention or not. Using the two probabilities, we calculated the absolute and relative effect of the intervention for each child. According to the two probabilities, we also divided the sample into a low-risk group (the quarter of the children with the lowest probabilities), a moderate-risk group, and a high-risk group (the quarter of the children with the highest probabilities) and showed the average effect of the intervention on these groups. RESULTS: The differences between the intervention group and the control group were statistically significant in each risk group. The average predicted probabilities of cannabis use for a child from the low-risk group were 4.3% if the child had the intervention and 6.53% if no intervention was provided. The corresponding probabilities for a child from the moderate-risk group were 10.91% and 15.34% and for a child from the high-risk group 25.51% and 32.61%. School grades, thoughts of hurting oneself, and breaking the rules were the three most important factors distinguishing high-risk and low-risk children. CONCLUSIONS: We predicted the effect of the intervention on individual children, characterized by their risk/protective factors. The predicted absolute effect and relative effect of any intervention for any selected risk/protective profile of a given child may be utilized in both prevention practice and research.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Program Evaluation statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Marijuana Smoking epidemiology   prevention & control   psychology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Follow-Up Studies MeSH
• Risk MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing intervention protocol targeting the knowledge and practice of adult patients experiencing low back pain. Design: A quasi-experimental research design. Methods: Pre-post assessment of outcome was used in this study. The study was conducted in the outpatient clinic of the physical therapy department at Zagazig University Hospital and Beni-Suef University Hospital, Egypt. Sample: 40 participants diagnosed with chronic low back pain (lasting for longer than six months). Seven of the 40 dropped out during the follow-up phase for personal or logistical reasons. Tools included sections for demographic characteristics, knowledge and practice assessment; in addition to the Oswestry Disability Index, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: The application of an instruction protocol intervention for low back pain was effective in improving patient knowledge and practice, with associated amelioration of the severity of pain and disability among them. The effect was still apparent at the three-month follow-up. Conclusion: It is recommended that the study be replicated using a more robust randomized clinical trial design. Nonetheless, the instruction protocol with the designed booklet may be adopted as an element of the care services offered to patients suffering LBP, given the clear positive effects on patient knowledge, which would undoubtedly help them decide on the most preferential management approach.

• MeSH
• Pamphlets MeSH
• Chronic Pain MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Program Evaluation statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Low Back Pain * MeSH
• Pain Measurement MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Multivariate Analysis MeSH
• Attitude to Health MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Information Dissemination MeSH
• Patient Satisfaction MeSH
• Severity of Illness Index MeSH
• Patient Education as Topic * MeSH
• Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Evaluation Study MeSH

Od ledna 2014 bylo v České republice zahájeno adresné zvaní pojištěnců do programů screeningu zhoubných nádorů, konkrétně screeningu nádorů hrdla děložního a nádorů prsu (mamografického screeningu) u žen, a dále nádorů tlustého střeva a konečníku (kolorekta) u žen a mužů. Cílem je posílit stávající programy prevence a zvýšit dosud nedostatečnou účast v nich – proto jsou adresně zváni občané, kteří se těchto programů dlouhodobě neúčastní a riskují tak závažné nádorové onemocnění. Projekt je koordinován Ministerstvem zdravotnictví ČR ve spolupráci se zástupci dotčených odborných společností (gynekologie, gastroenterologie, gastrointestinální onkologie, radiodia­gnostika, všeobecné lékařství, PL), zástupců zdravotních pojišťoven a dalších expertů jmenovaných ministrem zdravotnictví. Své klienty (pojištěnce) zvou k preventivním vyšetřením všechny zdravotní pojišťovny, které také hradí veškerá potřebná vyšetření. Projekt je realizován s pomocí finančních prostředků z fondů EU. Tento článek popisuje plošně implementovanou metodiku adresného zvaní, její datovou základnu a první výsledky projektu z první poloviny roku 2014, kdy bylo pozváno téměř 1,3 mil. českých občanů.

In January 2014, a programme of personalised invitations was launched in the Czech Republic, with the objective of inviting insured persons to cancer screening programmes; namely breast cancer screening and cervical cancer screening in women, and colorectal cancer screening both in women and men. This programme aims at strengthening the current cancer prevention programmes, and to increase the currently inadequate participation of the target population in these programmes; therefore, personalised invitations are sent to citizens who have not participated in these programmes for several years and therefore at risk of developing a serious disease. The project is coordinated by the Czech Ministry of Health in cooperation with the expert medical societies involved (gynaecology, gastroenterology, gastrointestinal oncology, diagnostic radiology, general practice), representatives of health care payers, and other experts nominated by the Minister of Health. All health care payers invite their clients (insured persons) to preventive check-ups, covering all examinations needed. The project has been realised with the assistance of financial resources from EU funds. This article describes the methodology of personalised invitations which has been implemented nationwide, its data background, and the first results of the project in the first half of 2014, when almost 1.3 million Czech citizens were invited. Key words: personalised invitation – screening – cancer – prevention – general practitioner – gynaecologist This study was supported by the project 36/14//NAP “Development and implementation of meth­odology for the evaluation of effectiveness of personalised invitations of citizens to cancer screening programmes” as part of the program­­me of the Czech Ministry of Health “National action plans and conceptions”. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers. Submitted: 29. 8. 2014 Accepted: 30. 9. 2014

• Keywords
• adresné zvaní,
• MeSH
• Algorithms MeSH
• Early Detection of Cancer MeSH
• Databases as Topic MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Program Evaluation statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Colorectal Neoplasms * prevention & control   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms * prevention & control   MeSH
• Breast Neoplasms * prevention & control   MeSH
• Patient Acceptance of Health Care * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Mass Screening * methods   organization & administration   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Postal Service MeSH
• Reminder Systems MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Universal Health Insurance MeSH
• Patient Selection MeSH
• Quality Improvement MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Organizovaný screening karcinomu prsu byl v ČR zahájen v roce 2002. Nedílnou součástí programu je od jeho počátku sběr údajů o screeningových mamografiích, o následné dia­gnostice a o konečné dia­gnóze. Sběr těchto dat je uložen Ministerstvem zdravotnictví ČR jako povinný pro všechna akreditovaná centra. Cílem tohoto sdělení je ukázat aktuální výsledky z monitoringu kvality center. Indikátory kvality, jejichž definice odpovídá mezinárodním standardům, se věnují účasti žen, objemu prováděných vyšetření, přesnosti screeningové mamografie, využívání předoperační dia­gnostiky a zastoupení časně detekovaných nádorů. Hodnocením indikátorů kvality lze doložit postupné zvyšování kvality mamografického screeningu v ČR, který je tak plně v souladu s mezinárodními doporučeními o zajištění kvality.

The Czech organised breast cancer screening programme was initiated in 2002. Collection of data on screening mammography examinations, subsequent dia­gnostic procedures, and final dia­gnosis is an indispensable part of the programme. Data collection is obligatory for all accredited centres, in accordance with regulations issued by the Czech Ministry of Health. This contribution aims to demonstrate the recent results of quality monitoring of the accredited centres. Quality indicators, whose definition complies with international standards, involve the women’s participation, the volume of performed examinations, the accuracy of screening mammography, the use of pre‑operative dia­gnostics, and the proportion of early detected tumours. Our evaluation documents a continuous improvement in quality of the Czech mammography screening programme, which is thereby in full agreement with international recommendations on quality assurance. Key words: breast neoplasms – mass screening – mammography – health care quality indicators This study was supported by the project 36/14//NAP “Development and implementation of metho­dology for the evaluation of effectiveness of personalised invitations of citizens to cancer screening programmes” as part of the program­­me of the Czech Ministry of Health “National action plans and conceptions”. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers. Submitted: 18. 9. 2014 Accepted: 24. 10. 2014

• MeSH
• Early Detection of Cancer statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• False Negative Reactions MeSH
• Program Evaluation * methods   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mammography statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Breast Neoplasms * diagnosis   epidemiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Patient Acceptance of Health Care statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Mass Screening * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Registries statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
• Quality Indicators, Health Care * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH