The ALPINE trial established the superiority of zanubrutinib over ibrutinib in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma; here, we present data from the final comparative analysis with extended follow-up. Overall, 652 patients received zanubrutinib (n = 327) or ibrutinib (n = 325). At an overall median follow-up of 42.5 months, progression-free survival benefit with zanubrutinib vs ibrutinib was sustained (hazard ratio [HR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.84), including in patients with del(17p)/TP53 mutation (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33-0.78) and across multiple sensitivity analyses. Overall response rate remained higher with zanubrutinib compared with ibrutinib (85.6% vs 75.4%); responses deepened over time with complete response/complete response with incomplete bone marrow recovery rates of 11.6% (zanubrutinib) and 7.7% (ibrutinib). Although median overall survival has not been reached in either treatment group, fewer zanubrutinib patients have died than ibrutinib patients (HR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.06]). With median exposure time of 41.2 and 37.8 months in zanubrutinib and ibrutinib arms, respectively, the most common nonhematologic adverse events included COVID-19-related infection (46.0% vs 33.3%), diarrhea (18.8% vs 25.6%), upper respiratory tract infection (29.3% vs 19.8%), and hypertension (27.2% vs 25.3%). Cardiac events were lower with zanubrutinib (25.9% vs 35.5%) despite similar rates of hypertension. Incidence of atrial fibrillation/flutter was lower with zanubrutinib vs ibrutinib (7.1% vs 17.0%); no cardiac deaths were reported with zanubrutinib vs 6 cardiac deaths with ibrutinib. This analysis, at 42.5 months median follow-up, demonstrates that zanubrutinib remains more efficacious than ibrutinib with an improved overall safety/tolerability profile. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT03734016.
- MeSH
- adenin * analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- chronická lymfatická leukemie * farmakoterapie mortalita MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- piperidiny * terapeutické užití škodlivé účinky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- pyrazoly * terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- pyrimidiny * terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
OBJECTIVE: We report patient-reported outcomes (PROs) measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) from the ROSEWOOD trial (NCT03332017), which demonstrated superior efficacy and a manageable safety profile with zanubrutinib plus obinutuzumab (ZO) versus obinutuzumab (O) in patients with heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (R/R FL). METHODS: PROs were assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire - Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EQ-5D-5L questionnaires at baseline and subsequently every 12 weeks. All QLQ-C30 domains and EQ-5D-5L visual analog scale (VAS) scores were analyzed descriptively. At the key clinical timepoints (weeks 12 and 24), a mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis was used to evaluate the key PRO endpoints, including global health status, physical and role functioning, and symptoms of fatigue, pain, diarrhea, and nausea/vomiting. Clinically meaningful change was defined as a ≥ 5-point mean difference from baseline and between the ZO and O arms. RESULTS: Patients were randomized to ZO (n = 145) or O (n = 72). By week 48, descriptive analysis results indicated that patients in the ZO arm demonstrated improved outcomes in role functioning and fatigue and nausea/vomiting symptoms, compared with those in the O arm. Both groups experienced improvements in pain symptoms. EQ-5D-5L VAS scores showed no observable differences between treatment arms through week 48. MMRM analysis revealed that the global health status/quality of life of patients treated with ZO improved, as did fatigue, at week 12. At week 24, patients in the ZO arm experienced a clinically meaningful improvement in role functioning, pain, and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with R/R FL, ZO was associated with improved PROs compared with O. These findings suggest that zanubrutinib contributed clinically meaningful benefits to patient HRQoL when added to obinutuzumab. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The ROSEWOOD trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (BGB-3111-212; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03332017).
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- folikulární lymfom * farmakoterapie MeSH
- hodnocení výsledků péče pacientem * MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- kvalita života * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití škodlivé účinky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- pyrazoly * aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- pyrimidiny * aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití škodlivé účinky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is used as an effective treatment modality for a variety of autoimmune disorders. Apart from its desired effect of removing pathological blood components, it also can remove coagulation factors and drugs. Currently, there is an insufficient amount of information regarding the use of direct oral anticoagulants in this setting. In this article, we present a case report of a patient with myasthenia gravis and chronic anticoagulation with apixaban who underwent a series of TPE while continuing apixaban treatment. We observed that only 10% of daily dose was removed by the procedure and plasma levels of apixaban corresponded with expected range. TPE was not associated with shortened drug plasma half-life. We did not observe any significant alteration of apixaban pharmacokinetics during the period of TPE therapy, as well as no thrombotic or bleeding events. This case report supports the use of apixaban in patients treated by TPE, nevertheless, to firmly establish apixaban efficacy and safety profile in this clinical setting further research is needed.
- MeSH
- antikoagulancia aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- inhibitory faktoru Xa * aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myasthenia gravis farmakoterapie terapie MeSH
- poločas MeSH
- pyrazoly * aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika MeSH
- pyridony * aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výměna plazmy * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- eltrombopag,
- MeSH
- benzoáty aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- hydraziny aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- idiopatická trombocytopenická purpura * farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- pyrazoly aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- steroidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- trombocytopenie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the overall survival (OS) of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) receiving either ibrutinib monotherapy as a first-line (1L) treatment or chemotherapy/chemoimmunotherapy-based (CT/CIT) regimens in 1L followed by ibrutinib in the second line (1L CT/CIT-2L ibrutinib) after disease progression by emulating a randomized trial comparing both treatment sequences. METHODS: Patient-level data from the RESONATE-2 trial (NCT01722487) and real-world PHEDRA databases were analyzed. Three scenarios were considered using the following data sources: (1) RESONATE-2, (2) combined RESONATE-2/PHEDRA, (3) combined RESONATE-2/PHEDRA for 1L ibrutinib and PHEDRA for 1L CT/CIT-2L ibrutinib. Propensity score-based weights and inverse probability of censoring weighting were used to adjust for baseline (Scenarios 2 and 3) and time-dependent confounding (all scenarios), and to address potential biases. A weighted Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the OS hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for 1L ibrutinib versus 1L CT/CIT-2L ibrutinib. RESULTS: Results from Scenario 1 showed a significantly lower risk of death with 1L ibrutinib compared with 1L chlorambucil followed by 2L ibrutinib (HR 0.35 [95% CI 0.20-0.62]). Results from Scenarios 2 and 3 demonstrated a reduced risk of death with 1L ibrutinib compared with 1L CT/CIT-2L ibrutinib (HR 0.35 [0.21-0.61] and 0.64 [0.39-1.04], respectively). CONCLUSION: The analyses consistently showed a reduced risk of death when ibrutinib was used as a 1L treatment in CLL compared with delaying its use until 2L after CT/CIT regimens, which suggests that initiating ibrutinib in 1L is advantageous for improving survival outcomes.
- MeSH
- adenin * analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- chronická lymfatická leukemie * farmakoterapie mortalita MeSH
- imunoterapie metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- piperidiny * terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- pyrazoly * terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- pyrimidiny * terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) need long-term therapy with high efficacy and safety. Asciminib, a BCR::ABL1 inhibitor specifically targeting the ABL myristoyl pocket, may offer better efficacy and safety and fewer side effects than currently available frontline ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). METHODS: In a phase 3 trial, patients with newly diagnosed CML were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either asciminib (80 mg once daily) or an investigator-selected TKI, with randomization stratified by European Treatment and Outcome Study long-term survival score category (low, intermediate, or high risk) and by TKI selected by investigators before randomization (including imatinib and second-generation TKIs). The primary end points were major molecular response (defined as BCR::ABL1 transcript levels ≤0.1% on the International Scale [IS]) at week 48, for comparisons between asciminib and investigator-selected TKIs and between asciminib and investigator-selected TKIs in the prerandomization-selected imatinib stratum. RESULTS: A total of 201 patients were assigned to receive asciminib and 204 to receive investigator-selected TKIs. The median follow-up was 16.3 months in the asciminib group and 15.7 months in the investigator-selected TKI group. A major molecular response at week 48 occurred in 67.7% of patients in the asciminib group, as compared with 49.0% in the investigator-selected TKI group (difference, 18.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6 to 28.2; adjusted two-sided P<0.001]), and in 69.3% of patients in the asciminib group as compared with 40.2% in the imatinib group within the imatinib stratum (difference, 29.6 percentage points; 95% CI, 16.9 to 42.2; adjusted two-sided P<0.001). The percentage of patients with a major molecular response at week 48 was 66.0% with asciminib and 57.8% with TKIs in the second-generation TKI stratum (difference, 8.2 percentage points; 95% CI, -5.1 to 21.5). Adverse events of grade 3 or higher and events leading to discontinuation of the trial regimen were less frequent with asciminib (38.0% and 4.5%, respectively) than with imatinib (44.4% and 11.1%) and second-generation TKIs (54.9% and 9.8%). CONCLUSIONS: In this trial comparing asciminib with investigator-selected TKIs and imatinib, asciminib showed superior efficacy and a favorable safety profile in patients with newly diagnosed chronic-phase CML. Direct comparison between asciminib and second-generation TKIs was not a primary objective. (Funded by Novartis; ASC4FIRST ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04971226).
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- bcr-abl fúzové proteiny * antagonisté a inhibitory genetika MeSH
- chronická myeloidní leukemie * farmakoterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imatinib mesylát * terapeutické užití škodlivé účinky MeSH
- inhibitory tyrosinkinasy * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- niacinamid aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky analogy a deriváty MeSH
- pyrazoly * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- lanadelumab, berotralstat,
- MeSH
- hereditární angioedémy * diagnóza farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- inhibitory serinových proteinas aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
- pyrazoly aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- síťová metaanalýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Prognóza pacientů s chronickou myeloidní leukemií (CML) se za posledních více než 20 let radikálně změnila. Stalo se tak díky zavedení cílené léčby imatinibem, prvním tyrosinkinázovým inhibitorem (TKI), záhy následovaným dalšími TKI 2. a 3. generace. Očekávaná délka dožití pacientů s CML na léčbě TKI dosahuje délky dožití běžné populace. Léčba TKI však není bez rizika. Na jedné straně stojí rozvoj rezistence na léčbu a s ním spojená ztráta léčebné odpovědi, na straně druhé jsou známá rizika nežádoucích účinků, které mohou omezovat kvalitu života, ale mohou být i život ohrožující. Proto nyní do klinické praxe přichází asciminib, nový TKI, který se svým specifickým místem účinku vykazuje potenciál znovu navodit léčebnou odpověď u pacientů rezistentních na předchozí TKI a zároveň vykazuje lepší bezpečnostní profil. Studie I. a III. fáze potvrdily účinnost a bezpečnost asciminibu u nemocných po alespoň dvou neúspěšných liniích léčby. Na základě studie III. fáze (ASCEMBL) byl již asciminib registrován k použití u pacientů v USA a Evropě (včetně ČR). Probíhají i studie zaměřené jak na možnosti kombinační léčby s dostupnými TKI u předléčených pacientů, tak i na možnosti monoterapie asciminibem u nově diagnostikované CML.
Prognosis of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) has changed radically over the past 20 years. This was due to the introduction of targeted therapy with imatinib, the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), followed by other 2nd and 3rd generation TKIs. The life expectancy of CML patients treated with TKIs is close to that of the general population. However, TKI treatment is not without risk. On the one hand, there is the development of resistance to the TKI followed by loss of treatment response, on the other hand, there are the known risks of adverse events which can affect the quality of life or even be life-threatening. Therefore, asciminib, a new TKI, has been introduced to the clinical practice. With its new mechanism of action, asciminib shows a potential to reinduce the treatment response in patients resistant to previous TKIs while exhibiting an improved safety profile. Phase I and III studies have shown its efficacy and safety in patients after at least 2 previous lines of TKI therapy. Based on a phase III study (ASCEMBL), asciminib has already been registered for use in patients in the US and Europe (including the Czech Republic). Studies are also underway to investigate both the possibility of combination therapy of asciminib with other TKIs in pretreated patients and the possibility of asciminib monotherapy in newly diagnosed CML.
- Klíčová slova
- asciminib, studie ASCEMBL,
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- chronická myeloidní leukemie * MeSH
- inhibitory tyrosinkinasy aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- niacinamid aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové léčby MeSH
- pyrazoly aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- ruxolitinib, studie COMFORT-I, studie COMFORT-II,
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- Janus kinasa 1 antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- Janus kinasa 2 * antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- primární myelofibróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové léčby MeSH
- pyrazoly * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- slezina účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Pagetův‐Schrötterův syndrom je označení pro idiopatickou trombózu horní končetiny. Toto vzácné onemocnění nejčastěji postihuje mladé muže, typicky po práci či sportu s horními končetinami nad hlavou. Anatomicky rozlišujeme několik prostorů, kde může dojít k útlaku nervově cévního svazku v oblasti regio cervicalis lateralis.
Paget-Schrötter syndrome is a rare syndrome of idiopathic thrombosis of the upper extremity. This syndrome most often occurs in young men. The provocative factor can be work or sport with elevation of upper extremities above the head. There are several spaces in the cervical lateral region where compression of nerve vascular bundle can occur. The combination of the coincidence of Paget-Schrötter syndrome as a cause of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is rare. Both diagnoses require specific therapy. For Paget-Schrötter syndrome it is a surgical approach or rehabilitation together with pharmacological treatment. However, for chronic thromboembolic hypertension, it is a surgical approach or the combination of pharmacotherapy and balloon angioplasty. We present a case report of a young female patient in whom we dealt with the coincidence of these illnesses as well as the proper therapeutic management of both conditions.
- Klíčová slova
- riociguat,
- MeSH
- antikoagulancia aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- balónková angioplastika MeSH
- CT angiografie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dyspnoe etiologie MeSH
- hluboká žilní trombóza horní končetiny * diagnóza komplikace terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plicní hypertenze diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- pyrazoly aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- pyrimidiny aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- tromboembolie diagnóza prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- trombolytická terapie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH