Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) older adults experience long-term minority stress due to societal norms that lead to discrimination and stigma. The purpose of the research was to compare the differences in subjective psychological well-being among LGBTQ+ older adults according to their living environment. Methods: A purposive sample comprising 318 LGBTQ+ older adults was recruited for the quantitative survey. In the initial stage, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted. To examine the aim of the study, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed, followed by a post hoc analysis to identify any variations in the perception of well-being based on the living environment. Results: Significant differences in well-being among LGBTQ+ older adults across living environments were observed for three items (p < 0.05): WB1 - ... I feel cheerful and in good spirits, WB2 - ... I feel calm and relaxed and WB4 - ... I wake up feeling fresh and rested. With post hoc analysis, we showed statistically significant differences in the perception of subjective psychological well-being according to the three living environments. Conclusion: Our findings indicate significant variations in subjective psychological well-being among LGBTQ+ older adults across different residential settings in Slovenia. While these findings may not generalise to other settings, further research using larger samples and in other EU countries should explore the role of living environments on LGBTQ+ older adults' subjective psychological well-being.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• městské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální a genderové menšiny * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• životní prostředí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovinsko MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading global cause of death. Due to the disparities in cardiovascular risk factors between rural and urban populations, this study aims to assess the differences in the prevalence of risk factors in urban and rural areas of eastern Croatia. METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 280 participants (140 from urban and 140 from rural areas) registered at studied general practice offices. Methods included e-health records, questionnaire, physical examination methods, and blood sampling for laboratory tests. RESULTS: The most common risk factors among participants were elevated total cholesterol (83.6%), elevated LDL cholesterol (81.8%), increased body mass index (75.0%), increased waist-hip ratio (82.9%), increased waist circumference (63.2%), and arterial hypertension (70.1%). The rural participants had a significantly higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (p = 0.023), increased body mass index (p = 0.004), increased waist circumference (p = 0.004), increased waist-hip ratio (p < 0.001), and increased LDL cholesterol (p = 0.029), while the urban participants had a significantly higher prevalence of insufficient physical activity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In the examined sample, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is generally high. Participants from rural areas are significantly more susceptible to cardiovascular risk factors than participants from urban areas.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• městské obyvatelstvo * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• poměr pasu a boků MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Chorvatsko MeSH

Nutritional status, its assessment and its influence on numerous diseases is currently still being discussed. The aim of this study was to determine the current state of nutrition by various research methods in school children. Also, to verify the accuracy of body mass index (BMI) determination in school environment and to compare the nutritional status in two different types of school. We used a quantitative questionnaire method in 64 children from schools in the South Moravian Region. We have verified the weight and height measurement in the same group by sophisticated instruments. We have determined the basic parameters of the cardiovascular system (non-invasive continuously blood pressure recording; mutual spectral analysis for estimation of baroreflex sensitivity; applanation tonometry and cardiac polygraphy for arterial stiffness evaluation). The indicative questionnaire method encountered a problem with the weight of almost 40 % of the population approached - both obesity (14.3 %) and malnutrition (25.2 %). Cardiovascular parameters were in physiological range for the given age categories. We found increased values in BMI, % of body fat and heart rate in children from countryside type of school, respectively. We concluded that obesity/malnutrition are both common phenomena in the children population in the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• cévní index srdce-kotník MeSH
• krevní tlak * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• městské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nutriční stav * MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• podvýživa epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• tuhost cévní stěny * MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Background: Obtaining informed consent from research study participants continues to meet difficulties. New ways to connect with potential participants are necessary to address barriers, expand enrollment and offer more services to underserved populations. Objectives: Electronic consent is designed to complete consenting sessions remotely and may help combat the obstacles inherent in the traditional informed consent process. We investigate the implementation of an electronic consent platform, Teleconsent, to broaden and diversify recruitment for clinical research. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with community members to assess their perceptions regarding the acceptability and usability of Teleconsent, a form of electronic consent. Interviews were structured to determine the main benefits, challenges and concerns as detailed by each participant. Participants were divided into rural and urban groupings. Results: We interviewed 40 participants to gather firsttime perceptions of Teleconsent. We found overall positive results. Predominately in urban communities, participants possessed the technological skills and amenities to support smooth implementation of this technology. However, many participants reflect on the challenges regarding logistics, privacy and reliability of utilizing Teleconsent in underserved, rural areas. 5 of 19 participants, more than a quarter for the rural group, experienced Teleconsent software problems. During these sessions, an alternative process with paper templates was employed to complete interviews. Conclusion: Perceptions regarding Teleconsent demonstrate current challenges along with potential acceptance within different communities. This is despite the fact that on its own it will not be able to overcome the barriers currently found in the informed consent process. Still, investment in electronic consent, including the development of enhanced and interactive content, can potentially revolutionize this process. Our findings offer a preliminary step towards determining the feasibility and acceptance of Teleconsent, a form of electronic consent, in different communities. More research surrounding the logistics of adoption is necessary in order to determine success.

• Klíčová slova
• Teleconsent,
• MeSH
• informovaný souhlas pacienta * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• městské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• percepce MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• telekomunikace * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate caries prevalence in a sample of schoolchildren aged 6 to 16 years from rural and urban areas in Croatia. METHODS: Using standardized World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria, the oral health status of 1,589 children (265 from rural and 1,324 from urban areas) was assessed by recording the following indices: DMFT (decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth), deft (decayed, extracted, filled primary teeth), DMFS (decayed, missing, filled surfaces - permanent teeth), defs (decayed, extracted, filled surfaces - primary teeth) and SiC (Significant Caries Index). Rural areas were Štitar and Babina Greda municipalities in Slavonia and urban areas were the cities of Županja (Slavonia), Zagreb and Dubrovnik. RESULTS: Half of the examined children (50.0%) had caries (D component in DMFT), with 46.0% of these being from urban and 70.2% from rural areas. The median DMFT among children was 2, 4 (rural) and 2 (urban) (p < 0.001). Among 12-year-olds, the median DMFT was 4 (rural) and 3 (urban), and mean DMFT was 3.4. The median DMFS for rural area was 5 and for urban area 3 (p < 0.001). The median deft was 1.00 for rural and 1.00 for urban, while the highest value was found among 6-year-olds at 9 in rural and 7 in urban areas. The median SiC was 4, 4 (urban) and 5 (rural). CONCLUSION: Schoolchildren from urban and rural areas in Croatia differ significantly in caries prevalence. They fall into the medium DMFT classification group according to the WHO, which indicates the need for a comprehensive oral health preservation programme.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• DMF Index MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zubní kaz * epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Chorvatsko MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dietary diversity and the nutrient contribution of traditional foods (locally cultivated and wild) by conducting a food intake study in rural Ecuador. DESIGN: Repeated 24 h recalls over a 14 d interval and frequency of consumption served to simulate the usual diet by the Multiple Source Method. Data on missing visits (n 11) were imputed using multivariate imputation by chained equations. The intakes of three macro- and six micronutrients were reported. Nutrient Adequacy Ratios, Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), Dietary Species Richness (DSR) and Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women were used as measures of dietary quality. A linear quantile mixed model was used to investigate the association between DSR, local species, MAR, age, education and occupation. SETTING: Guasaganda, Cotopaxi (Ecuador). PARTICIPANTS: Rural, indigenous adult women, non-pregnant and not breast-feeding. RESULTS: The studied diet had MAR of 0·78. Consumption of traditional foods contributed 38·6 % of total energy intake. Daily requirements for protein, carbohydrates, Fe and vitamin C were reached. An extra level of consumption of local species was associated with an increase in median MAR for macronutrients of 0·033 (P < 0·001). On the other hand, an extra level of consumption of local species was associated with an increase in median MAR for micronutrients of 0·052 (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS: We found statistical evidence that traditional foods contribute to adequate intakes of macro- and micronutrients and dietary diversification in the studied population. Future public health interventions should promote the cultivation and consumption of traditional foods to increase the quality of the local diet.

• MeSH
• dieta - přehledy MeSH
• dieta * etnologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nutriční stav MeSH
• ovoce MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zelenina MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Ekvádor MeSH

Purpose: Health should be a universal phenomenon. However, little is known about the relationship between disability status and health issues - particularly in rural areas. This study looks at health issues of persons with disabilities in Madwaleni, a rural impoverished area in South Africa in 2011, and compares them to persons with no disabilities. Materials and Methods: Standardized questionnaires were used in the survey to assess disability and health status. The sample comprised of 773 individuals - 322 persons with disability and 451 comparisons (without disability) - covering 527 households. Children under the age of five were excluded from the sample. We used purposive sampling. Results and Conclusion: This study found that persons with disabilities have poorer reported health outcomes than persons with no disabilities. There is also an association between disability severity and mental health issues as assessed by the GHQ-12. A significantly higher percentage of persons with disability did not get health care when needed. Persons with disabilities also have less favorable attitudes toward competence of health care workers. This study has shown greater health needs and less satisfaction with services, which strongly indicates insufficient access for persons with disabilities in a rural impoverished are within South Africa. Implications for rehabilitation Persons with disabilities in rural South Africa have poorer reported health outcomes. Persons with disabilities have less favorable attitudes towards competence of health care workers in rural South Africa. Better access to health care for persons with disabilities is needed in rural South Africa.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dostupnost zdravotnických služeb * normy   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• duševní zdraví MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pacientova volba * MeSH
• postižení * psychologie   rehabilitace   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• postoj ke zdraví MeSH
• posuzování pracovní neschopnosti MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zdravotnické služby - potřeby a požadavky * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Jihoafrická republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The health of the Roma population is relatively poor and indicators on municipal level are needed to inform authorities to improve it. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of low birthweights (LBW) and mean birthweight (BW) in municipalities with minor Roma population (MMR) and municipalities with large Roma population (MLR) in Slovakia. METHODS: A population-wide, ecological level, cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 2009-2013. Data on proportions of newborns with LBW, on mean birthweight of newborns and on mean ages of mothers at birth were obtained from the National Health Information Centre of Slovakia. Rates of LBW and mean BW were compared between the MMR and MLR groups. Mean age of mothers and rates of unemployment were considered possible confounders. RESULTS: The mean BW was by 183 g higher in the MMR group compared to MLR; the rates of LBW were 4.2% and 8.9%, respectively. Increasing proportions of Roma were significantly associated with increasing rates of LBW and decreasing mean BW, one percent increase in the proportion of Roma was associated with an increase in LBW rate of 0.15% and a decrease in mean LBW of -4.9 grams. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings could be used as a proxy for the purposes of policy making, replacing individual level studies with more resource-demanding design.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec s nízkou porodní hmotností * MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• porodní hmotnost * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• Romové statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH

Včlánku uvádíme výsledky jedné zčástí širšího výzkumného šetření zaměřeného na učitele středních i základních škol všech aprobací. Předkládaná část se věnuje výhradně učitelům tělesné výchovy na středních školách (v kombinaci sjinýmiaprobacemi či bez nich), konkrétně jejich životosprávě, dennímu režimu a vybraným komponentám životního stylu, které mají těsné spojení soběma výše uvedenými pojmy. Vše uvedené je zároveň posuzováno zgeografického úhlu pohledu, přičemž hlavními geografickými aspekty jsou velikost sídelní jednotky, vníž dotazovaní učitelé tělesné výchovy žijí, a geografická poloha této sídelní jednotky.Výzkumné šetření bylo provedeno vcelkem 37 městech České republiky, a to na základě dvoustupňového stratifikovaného výběru. Zastoupeny byly všechny základní typy středních škol, a to zjádrových i periferních oblastí. Celkový počet respondentů činil 461 osob, zčehož bylo 262 mužů a 199 žen.Výsledky ukazují především několik hlavních zjištění. Předně se ukazuje, že velikost a geografická poloha sídla ovlivňují námi hodnocené oblasti životosprávy jako i životního stylu. Nepravidelnosti denního režimu (a tedy i porušování životosprávy) se vyskytují více ve větších sídlech. Stejně tomu je i vpřípaděsubjektivního vnímání stresu vyplývajícího zvýkonu profese učitele tělesné výchovy. Na druhou stranu život se ukazuje, že mít bydliště vaglomerační zóně ještě neznamená přejímat všechny aspekty velkoměstského života. Dále lze konstatovat, že spolu svelikostí sídla a jeho geografickou polohou se mění i některé aspekty demografické struktury učitelů tělesné výchovy.

In paper, we mention results of one part of wider research inquiry focused on teachers of all teaching qualification at secondary as well as elementary school. Presented part of this research is devoted strictly to secondary school PE teachers (with as well as without a combination of other teaching qualifications), specifically to their regimen, daily regime and those chosen components of their lifestyle which have a tight connection with the daily regime and regimen. All these facts are also assessed from the geographical point of view, where the main geographical aspect are: the size of a settlement unit in which questionned teachers live and geographical location of this settlement unit.Our research inquiry was realized in 37 cities of Czech republic on the basis of two-staged stratified selection. This inquiry was realized in all types of secondary school – from the core areas as well as from the marginal ones. Total amount of respondents was 461 individuals, where there were 262 men and 199 women.The results show several important findings. Firstly, it is evident that size and geographical location influence assessed components of regimen and lifestyle. Irregularities of the lifestyle (it means breaking of a regimen) are present more often in bigger cities. The same influence is present in the case of a subjective perception of the stress arising from the proffession of PE teacher. On the other side, it is evident that having a place of residence in an agglomerative area still doesn ́t mean also the reception of all aspects of a metropolitan life. Further, we can conclude that together with a size of a city/village and its geographical location there are changing also some aspects of a demographical structure of PE teachers.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželský stav MeSH
• městské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• školy MeSH
• tělesná výchova MeSH
• učitelé * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• životní styl * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH

Human populations tend to grow steadily, because of the ability of people to make innovations, and thus overcome and extend the limits imposed by natural resources. It is therefore questionable whether traditional concepts of population ecology, including environmental carrying capacity, can be applied to human societies. The existence of carrying capacity cannot be simply inferred from population time-series, but it can be indicated by the tendency of populations to return to a previous state after a disturbance. So far only indirect evidence at a coarse-grained scale has indicated the historical existence of human carrying capacity. We analysed unique historical population data on 88 settlements before and after the Thirty Years War (1618-1648), one the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, which reduced the population of Central Europe by 30-50%. The recovery rate of individual settlements after the war was positively correlated with the extent of the disturbance, so that the population size of the settlements after a period of regeneration was similar to the pre-war situation, indicating an equilibrium population size (i.e. carrying capacity). The carrying capacity of individual settlements was positively determined mostly by the fertility of the soil and the area of the cadastre, and negatively by the number of other settlements in the surroundings. Pre-industrial human population sizes were thus probably controlled by negative density dependence mediated by soil fertility, which could not increase due to limited agricultural technologies.

• MeSH
• dějiny 17. století MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• populační dynamika * MeSH
• technologie MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů * MeSH
• zemědělství přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 17. století MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH