Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with aqueous leaf-extract of the timber-yielding plant Anogeissus acuminata were synthesized for in vitro control of pathogenic bacteria. Characterization of AgNPs with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) study and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study was done for a confirmation of the synthesis. The SEM analysis confirmed that the metal particles were below 100 nm size. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was monitored by agar-well diffusion method against 11 multidrug resistant (MDR) urinary tract infection (UTI) causing pathogenic bacteria, isolated from clinical samples. At 15 μg/ml AgNPs, values of the zone of inhibition (ZI) ranged from 19 to 13 mm, while against the standard antibiotic, gentamicin 30 μg/ml ZI ranged from 28 to 20 mm. Host toxicity testing of AgNPs with cultured lymphocytes from human umbilical cord blood in vitro was done; at 3000 mg/l AgNPs, 25% of cell death occurred. Thus, the synthesized AgNPs with aqueous leaf extract of A. acuminata could control most MDR UTI bacteria without any toxicity to human lymphocytes.

• Keywords
• Anogeissus acuminata,
• MeSH
• Urinary Tract Infections * drug therapy   microbiology   pathology   MeSH
• Metal Nanoparticles * chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Microscopy, Electron, Scanning utilization   MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial MeSH
• Plant Extracts MeSH
• Spectrophotometry utilization   MeSH
• Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission utilization   MeSH
• Silver * pharmacology   chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Green Chemistry Technology * MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Rastliny čeľade Lamiaceae obsahujú účinné látky prevažne v listoch. V podčeľadi Nepetoideae, kam patrí rod Mentha L., ide hlavne o silicu a fenolové látky s antioxidačnou aktivitou, najmä hydroxyškoricové kyseliny s prevahou kyseliny rozmarínovej a flavonoidy. Medicínsky a priemyselne využívané sú najmä mäty M. × piperita a M. spicata, druh M. x villosa je u nás menej známy. Listové drogy sa spravidla hodnotia ako celok, ojedinele sa hodnotia jednotlivé listové inzercie. V tejto práci sa sledoval liekopisnými metódami v jednotlivých listových pároch Mentha × villosa Huds. cv. Snežná celkový obsah hydroxyškoricových derivátov (THD) vyjadrených ako kyselina rozmarínová a flavonoidov luteolínového typu, ktoré sa v tejto rastline vyskytujú v najväčšom množstve. Obsah THD vo vodných extraktoch listových párov kolísal v rozmedzí 6,7–9,4 %, v metanolových extraktoch 6,6–14,0 %. Flavonoidy stanovené ako luteolín-7-O-glukozid sa nachádzali vo vodných extraktoch v množstve 4,0–8,8 %, v metanolových extraktoch v množstve 4,0–10,5 %. Antioxidačná aktivita (DPPH) stanovená ako SC50 kolísala vo vodných extraktoch listových párov v rozmedzí 10,2–16,9 μg.ml–1 (suchej hmotnosti drogy), v metanolových extraktoch v rozmedzí 10,7 až 21,6 μg.ml–1. Najvyšší obsah fenolových látok a najvyššia antioxidačná aktivita bola v extraktoch z vrcholových listov, najnižší obsah fenolových látok a najnižšia antioxidačná aktivita sa zaznamenala v extraktoch listov zo strednej časti stonky.

Lamiaceae plants mostly accumulate active ingredients in their leaves. The subfamily Nepetoideae, including the genus Mentha L., is characterized by the presence of essential oil and antioxidant phenolics, chiefly hydroxycinnamic acids with predominance of rosmarinic acid, and flavonoids. Mentha × piperita and M. spicata are the most broadly used mints in both medicine and industry, while M. x villosa is less known in our country. Herbal drugs in the form of leaves are usually analysed unpartitioned, while single leaves insertions have only been studied occasionally. Therefore, the aim of this work was the quantification of the active compounds content in the leaves pairs of Mentha × villosa Huds. cv. Snežná, using pharmacopoeial methods: total hydroxycinnamic derivatives expressed as rosmarinic acid (THD) and luteolin-type flavonoids. THD content ranged from 6.7% to 9.4% in the leaves pairs’ water extracts, and from 6.6% to 14.0% in methanol extracts. Flavonoids contents, expressed as luteolin-7-O-glucoside, ranged from 4.0% to 8.8% in water extracts, and from 4.0% to 10.5% in methanol extracts. Antioxidant activity (DPPH) expressed as SC50 ranged from 10.2 to 16.9 μg.ml–1 (drug dry weight) in water extracts, and from 10.7 to 21.6 μg.ml–1 in methanol extracts. The highest content of phenolic compounds as well as the highest antioxidant activity were found to be in the top sheet, while the lowest content of phenolic compounds and lowest antioxidant activity were detected in the leaves of the middle stem part.

• Keywords
• Mentha x villosa,
• MeSH
• Antioxidants MeSH
• Phenols * analysis   chemistry   MeSH
• Plants, Medicinal * chemistry   MeSH
• Plant Leaves chemistry   MeSH
• Mentha * chemistry   MeSH
• Plant Extracts analysis   chemistry   MeSH
• Spectrophotometry utilization   MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

HPLC determination of a background level of 8 oxodG and 2-dG in rat liver after addition of copper to perfusate was developed. The reversed phase analytical column Purospher® STAR C18e with 50 mmol L–1 phosphate buffer, pH 5.5 and methanol (92:8, v/v) mobile phase was applied for the analysis. The validation of the HPLC method according to linearity, accuracy and precision was carried out. Oxidative DNA damage (expressed as concentration ratio of 8-oxodG/106 2-dG) was determined by the simultaneous measuring of 2-dG with UV detection followed by coulochemical detection of 8 oxodG. The procedure using a model of liver damage caused by intoxication with copper and ischemia / reperfusion with addition of various concentrations of CuSO4 to the perfused rat livers was tested. The aim of this study was to decide whether the toxicity of copper in liver perfusates is related to protein oxidation and oxidative DNA damage. The high contribution to the DNA damage can be related to the physical liver manipulation during harvest and reperfusion as well as to artefacts induced during the sample preparation (time-consuming sample handling during DNA isolation and extraction). The obtained results pointed out that the DNA damage occurred already during liver handling even before application of CuSO4, whereby concentration of CuSO4 higher than 0.03 mmol L–1 caused a total liver damage, which led to a complete stop of the flow of the perfusate.

• MeSH
• Biomarkers MeSH
• Deoxyguanosine chemistry   MeSH
• Electrochemical Techniques * methods   utilization   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Copper * toxicity   MeSH
• Liver Diseases * MeSH
• Oxidative Stress MeSH
• DNA Damage * MeSH
• Spectrophotometry methods   utilization   MeSH
• Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid * methods   utilization   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Úvod: Cieľom retrospektívnej observačnej prierezovej štúdie bolo zhodnotiť prínos testovania alanínaminotransferázy (ALT) u darcov krvi a jej komponentov v prevencii prenosu hepatitíd B a C hemoterapiou v kontexte súčasných skríningových metód. Metódy: Vyhodnotené boli odbery s eleváciou ALT nad stanovený limit (muži 80 IU/l, ženy 64 IU/l, spektrofotometrický UV test, KUADROTM, BPC BioSed Srt, Castelnuovo di Porto Roma, Italia) alebo reaktivitou niektorého z virologických parametrov hepatitíd HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV (chemiluminiscenčná metóda, ARCHITECT i2000TM, Illinois, USA). Darcovia boli konfirmačne pretestovaní. Na základe definitívneho virologického statusu boli odbery rozdelené na skupiny so spoločnými biologickými vlastnosťami a štatisticky vyhodnotené v programoch Graph Pad Prism 6.05 a Microsoft Excel 2003. Výsledky: Zo 61 214 odberov sa elevácia ALT vyskytla u 420 odberov (0,69 %), aktívna HBV infekcia u 25 (0,04 %), aktívna HCV infekcia u 5 darcov krvi (0,01 %). Súčasná elevácia ALT a potvrdená HBV infekcia sa vyskytla u jedného darcu (0,002 %), rovnako ako HCV (0,002 %). Hodnoty ALT v skupine s jej eleváciou bez prítomnosti HBV alebo HCV infekcie boli vyššie ako v skupinách s aktívnymi hepatitídami B a C (p < 0,05). Nezachytili sme darcu krvi v sérologickom okne anti-HCV s eleváciou ALT. Elevácia ALT vykazovala nízku špecificitu (69,14 %) aj senzitivitu (6,45 %) pre aktívne hepatitídy. Nedokázali sme kladnú koreláciu medzi ALT a S/CO (signal-to-cut-off) anti-HBc (Spearman r = -0,565, p < 0,0001), ALT a S/CO anti-HCV (Spearman r = -0,1046, p = 0,0022), výsledok pri ALT a S/CO HBsAg nedosiahol štatistickú významnosť (Spearman r = -0,00968, p = 0,77). Kladná ale štatisticky nevýznamná korelácia ALT a anti-HCV bola zaznamenaná v skupine 5 darcov s aktívnou HCV infekciou (Spearman r = 0,4, p = 0,51). Skríningová schéma pre záchyt HCV infekcie anti-HCV + ALT bola na 1 odber o 0,18 € drahšia ako schéma anti-HCV + HCV RNA pre veľký počet znehodnotených odberov s izolovanou eleváciou ALT (825 TU v hodnote 41 388,89 €). Záver: Elevácia ALT u darcov nebola patognomická pre hepatitídy B a C. Skríningová schéma HCV v zložení anti-HCV + HCV RNA (metóda testovania nukleových kyselín, COBAS AmpliScreen HCV 2.0TM, ROCHE Diagnostics, Hague Road, Indianapolis, USA) je viac cost-efektívna ako anti-HCV + ALT. Kľúčové slová: alanínaminotransferáza – hemovigilancia – hepatitída B – hepatitída C – skríning

Background: The goal of the retrospective observatory cross-sectional study was to evaluate the benefit of alanine aminotransferase screening of blood donors in prevention of hepatitis B and C transmission by haemotherapy in context of actual screening methods. Methods: Donations with elevated ALT more than the defined limit (ALT men 80 IU/l, women 64 IU/l, spectrophotometric UV test, KUADROTM, BPC BioSed Srt, Castelnuovo di Porto Roma, Italy) and/or reactivity any of the hepatitis screening parameters HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV (chemiluminescence method, ARCHITECT i2000TM, Illinois, USA) were evaluated. Donors were confirmatory retested. They were classified into groups with common biological properties according to their final virological status and statistically evaluated in programs Graph Pad Prism 6.05 and Microsoft Excel 2003. Results: From a total of 61 214 donations elevated ALT was found in 420 (0.69 %), active HBV in 25 (0.04 %), active HCV infection in 5 (0.01 %) blood donors. Coincidental elevation of ALT and active HBV infection occured in 1 donor (0.002 %), as well as HCV (0.002 %). Levels of ALT were higher in the group with elevated ALT without active HBV or HCV infection than in groups with active HCV and HCV infection (p < 0.05). Occurence of blood donor in seronegative anti-HCV window was not observed. Elevated ALT was low specific (69.14 %) and senzitive (6.45 %) for active hepatitis. We did not prove positive correlation of ALT and S/CO (signal-to-cut-off) anti-HBc (Spearman r = -0,565, p < 0.0001), ALT and S/CO anti-HCV (Spearman r = -0.1046, p = 0.0022), in ALT and S/CO HBsAg the result was not statistically significant (Spearman r = -0.00968, p = 0.77). Positive but statistically insignificant correlation ALT and S/CO anti-HCV occured in the group of 5 blood donors with active HCV infection (Spearman r = 0.4, p = 0.51). Screening scheme for HCV infection testing anti-HCV + ALT was per one donation by € 0.18 more expensive than the scheme anti-HCV + HCV RNA due to amount of waisted donations with ALT elevation (825 TU, € 41 388.89). Conclusion: Elevation of ALT in blood donors was not pathognomonic for hepatitis B and C infection. Screening of HCV consisting of anti-HCV + HCV RNA (nucleic acid testing method, COBAS AmpliScreen HCV 2.0TM, ROCHE Diagnostics, Hague Road, Indianapolis, USA) is more cost-effective than the scheme anti-HCV + ALT. Keywords: alanine aminotransferase – haemovigilance – hepatitis B – hepatitis C – screening

• MeSH
• Alanine Transaminase * blood   MeSH
• Cytapheresis methods   utilization   MeSH
• Blood Donors MeSH
• Erythrocytes MeSH
• Hepatitis B Surface Antigens blood   MeSH
• Hepatitis B * prevention & control   MeSH
• Hepatitis C Antigens blood   MeSH
• Hepatitis C * prevention & control   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
• Spectrophotometry methods   utilization   MeSH
• Hepatitis Viruses MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Nitrites represent a serious health problem especially if present in drinking water for infants. On the other hand, they are used in the treatment of some cardiovascular diseases. The article deals with analytical methods used for the determination of nitrites in various samples.

• MeSH
• Chemistry Techniques, Analytical * MeSH
• Chromatography, Ion Exchange methods   utilization   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Nitrites * analysis   chemistry   metabolism   adverse effects   MeSH
• Electrochemical Techniques methods   utilization   MeSH
• Carcinogens, Environmental analysis   MeSH
• Food Contamination analysis   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Methemoglobinemia etiology   MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Drinking Water analysis   MeSH
• Spectrophotometry methods   utilization   MeSH
• Therapeutic Equivalency MeSH
• Titrimetry methods   utilization   MeSH
• Environmental Pollution analysis   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Práce obsahuje údaje o obsahu jódu v moči především studentů Jihočeské univerzity v Českých Budějovicích. Do pokusu bylo zařazeno celkem 42 studentů a 21 zaměstnanců. Empirická data byla získána v rámci řešení grantového projektu GAJU 011/2013/Z. Obsah jódu ve vzorcích byl stanoven laboratorně spektrofotometricky po alkalickém spalování vzorku podle Sandell-Kolthoffa. Cílem práce bylo posoudit zásobení studentů a zaměstnanců Zemědělské fakulty Jihočeské univerzity v Českých Budějovicích (JU v ČB) jódem na základě vyšetření jodurie. Průměrný obsah jódu v moči u všech osob (n=63) byl 230,40±169,90 µg.l-1. U mužů byl průměrný obsah jódu v moči 244,59±190,46 µg.l-1, u žen (n=42) 223,18±157,82 µg.l-1. Hodnota mediánu se pohybovala u mužů i žen okolo hodnoty 150 µg.l-1. U 89,4 % vyšetřených odpovídala jodurie dostačujícímu, popřípadě nadbytečnému příjmu jódu, u 10,60 % pak různému stupni jodopenie. V zájmu prevence nežádoucího dopadu nutričního nedostatku nebo nadbytku jódu je doporučena pravidelná kontrola jodurie i u studentů vysokých škol.

The aim includes data of the iodine content in urine, mainly students of the University of South Bohemia in the České Budějovice. The experiment included a total of 42 students and 21 employees. Empirical data were obtained within the grant project GAJU 011/2013/Z. The content of iodine in the samples was determined on the basis of alkaline combustion by a spectrophotometric method according to Sandell-Kolthoff. The aim of the study was to assess the supply of students and staff Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in the České Budějovice (JU v ČB ) iodine on urinary iodine examination. The average content in the urine of all (n=63) was 230.40±169.90 µg.l-1. Average iodine content in urine was 244.59±190.46 µg.l-1 for men (n=21), 223.18±157.82 µg.l-1 for women (n=42). The median value for women and men was approximately 150 µg.l-1. For 89.4% of the examined urinary iodine corresponded to sufficient, or excessive iodine intake, 10.6% corresponded to varying degrees jodopenie. In order to prevent the undesired impact of nutrient scarcity or excess iodine is recommended regular monitoring of urinary iodine even university students.

• MeSH
• Urinalysis * MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Data Interpretation, Statistical * MeSH
• Iodine analysis   administration & dosage   urine   standards   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Nutritional Requirements * MeSH
• Primary Prevention * MeSH
• Spectrophotometry * utilization   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Cíl: Porovnat stanovení celkového bilirubinu metodou přímé spektrofotometrie v plné žilní krvi a metodou Jendrassik-Gróf v séru žilní krve u 437 novorozenců narozených v Krajské nemocnici T. Bati ve Zlíně (KNTB). Typ studie: retrospektivní průřezová. Metody: Přímá spektrofotometrie plné žilní krve na analyzátoru ABL 835 firmy Radiometer a spektrofotometrické stanovení v séru žilní krve metodou Jendrassik-Gróf na analyzátoru Architect firmy Abbott. Obě metody mají metrologickou návaznost měření na referenční materiál NIST SRM 916a. Výsledky: Medián (mezikvartilové rozpětí) sérového bilirubinu byl 228 μmol/l (186-263), medián (mezikvartilové rozpětí) bilirubinu v plné krvi byl 237 μmol/l (192-287). Wilcoxonův párový test prokázal mezi mediány statisticky významný rozdíl (p<0,0001). Blandův-Altmanův rozdílový graf a Passing Bablokova regrese ukazují, že především v oblasti koncentrací nad 280 μmol/l měří přímá spektrofotometrie celkového bilirubinu v plné žilní krvi vyšší výsledky než stanovení v séru žilní krve (p<0,0001). Závěr: Při koncentraci bilirubinu nad 280 μmol/l měří přímá spektrofotometrie v plné žilní krvi výrazně vyšší výsledky než stanovení v séru (p<0,0001). Hodnoty nad 280 μmol/l je tedy nutné potvrdit měřením v séru žilní krve v biochemické laboratoři.

Aim: The aim of the study is to compare determination of total bilirubin by direct spectrophotometric method in whole venous blood and by indirect Jendrassik-Gróf method in venous serum in 437 newborns born in Tomas Bata hospital in Zlin. Design: retrospective cross section design. Methods: Determination of total bilirubin by direct spectrophotometric method in whole venous blood was performed on Radiometer ABL 835 analyzer. Determination of total bilirubin in venous serum by indirect Jendrassik-Gróf was performed on Abbott Architect analyzer. Both methods are metrologically traceable to reference material NIST SRM 916a. Results: The median (interquartile range) of serum venous bilirubin was 228 μmol/L (186-263). The median of venous whole blood total bilirubin was 237 μmol/L (192-287). The significant difference between medians was found (p<0,0001). Bland- Altman plot and Passing-Bablok regression show that direct spectrophotometric method of whole venous blood gave higher results than Jendrassik-Gróf test in venous serum mainly in the concentration range above 280 μmol/l (p<0,0001). Conclusions: Direct spectrophotometric results of total bilirubin in whole venous blood in the concentration range above 280 umol/l should be confirmed by indirect serum determination in clinical biochemistry laboratory.

• MeSH
• Bilirubin * analysis   diagnostic use   blood   MeSH
• Blood Chemical Analysis methods   utilization   MeSH
• Hemolysis MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Jaundice, Neonatal * diagnosis   MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Reference Standards MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Spectrophotometry * methods   instrumentation   utilization   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Publication type
• Comparative Study MeSH

Byl sledován vliv exogenní aplikace kyseliny jasmonové (JA) v kombinaci s vápníkem a verapamilem (blokátor vápníkového kanálu) na produkci flavonoidů a isoflavonoidů suspenzní kulturou Trifolium pratense L. Kultura byla kultivována při teplotě 25 °C a světelné periodě 16 hodin světlo/8 hodin tma na živném médiu podle Gamborga s přídavkem 2 mg.l-1 2,4-dichlorfenoxyoctové kyseliny a 2 mg.l-1 6-benzylaminopurinu. Nejlepší vliv kyseliny jasmonové na produkci flavonoidů a isoflavonoidů se projevil po 24hodinové aplikaci koncentrace 50 μmol.l-1. Maximální produkce elicitované suspenzní kultury byla zjištěna, když buňky byly ošetřeny vysokou dávkou vápníku (10 mmol.l-1). Přidání všech koncentrací verapamilu k suspenzní kultuře elicitované JA snížilo produkci flavonoidů a isoflavonoidů.

Effect of exogenously applied jasmonic acid (JA) in combination with calcium and verapamil (a calcium channels blocker) on the production of flavonoids and isoflavonoids in suspension cultures of Trifolium pratense L. was investigated. The culture was cultivated in Gamborg medium with an addition of 2 mg.l-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2 mg.l-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine, at the temperature of 25 °C, 16-hr light/8-hr dark period. The best effect of jasmonic acid on the production of flavonoids and isoflavonoids was manifested after a 24-hour application of the 50 μmol.l-1 concentration. The maximum production of JA-induced suspension culture was observed when cells were treated with a high level of calcium (10 mmol.l-1). The addition of all concentrations of verapamil to JA-induced suspension culture decreased production of flavonoids and isoflavonoids.

• MeSH
• 2-Aminopurine analogs & derivatives   chemistry   MeSH
• Cell Culture Techniques methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Technology, Pharmaceutical MeSH
• Flavonoids * chemistry   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Phytoestrogens * chemistry   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Isoflavones * chemistry   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Culture Techniques methods   instrumentation   utilization   MeSH
• 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid chemistry   MeSH
• alpha-Linolenic Acid analogs & derivatives   chemistry   MeSH
• Membrane Transport Modulators MeSH
• Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases chemistry   MeSH
• Plant Growth Regulators chemistry   MeSH
• Plant Extracts chemistry   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Spectrophotometry methods   utilization   MeSH
• Trifolium * chemistry   MeSH
• Calcium chemistry   MeSH
• Calcium Channels chemistry   MeSH
• Verapamil chemistry   MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

The ability of the examined compounds to create ion pairs with the selected anionic dyes, allows their determination by the method of extraction spectrophotometry in the visible radiation. These ion pairs are extractable with an organic solvent immiscible with water. The procedure is based on protonisation of the studied compounds in acidic environment, and consequently their extraction in the form of associate with the anion of the acid dye into the organic phase, in this case in chloroform. Mentioned methods of analysis may be advantageously used for simple and express determination of fentanyl, alfentanil and remifentanil.

• MeSH
• Alfentanil isolation & purification   adverse effects   MeSH
• Chemistry, Analytic MeSH
• Anesthetics isolation & purification   adverse effects   MeSH
• Azo Compounds diagnostic use   MeSH
• Coloring Agents diagnostic use   MeSH
• Chemical Warfare Agents * isolation & purification   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Analgesics, Opioid * isolation & purification   adverse effects   MeSH
• Piperidines isolation & purification   adverse effects   MeSH
• Spectrophotometry * methods   instrumentation   utilization   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

The content of nitrite admixture in preparations of dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC) with glutathione synthesized by treatment of aqueous solutions of Fe2+ + glutathione with gaseous NO (complex 1) or by mixing solutions of S-nitrosoglutathione (GS-NO) with solutions of Fe2+ + glutathione (complex 2) was determined using the Griess method and HPLC as well as from the level of HNO2 formed upon interaction of gaseous NO with acidified distilled water. In both preparations, DNIC were predominantly represented by the binuclear form (B-DNIC). In complex 1, the appearance of nitrite in DNIC solutions was induced by nitrogen dioxide present in gaseous NO; its interaction with NO gives an adduct, which is further hydrolyzed to nitrite in aqueous solutions. In complex 2, the presence of nitrite admixture could appear in the presence of nitrite non-incorporated into GS-NO synthesized by mixing glutathione and nitrite in acid media. The per cent content of nitrite (with respect to the total content of complex 1) was 6%, whereas in complex 2 it was as low as 0.4%. Such a low level of nitrite contamination in the course of conventional synthesis of DNIC with glutathione does not make any significant contribution to their biomedical (e.g., hypotensive or vasodilator) activity.

• MeSH
• Antihypertensive Agents * pharmacology   MeSH
• Nitrates pharmacology   MeSH
• Chemistry, Pharmaceutical methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Drug Contamination * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Nitrogen Oxides pharmacology   MeSH
• S-Nitrosoglutathione pharmacology   MeSH
• Nitrogen Compounds * pharmacology   MeSH
• Spectrophotometry methods   instrumentation   utilization   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Vasodilator Agents pharmacology   MeSH
• Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods   instrumentation   utilization   MeSH
• Iron pharmacology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH