Neuroblastom, nádor sympatického nervového systému, je nejčastějším extrakraniálním solidním nádorem dětského věku. Představuje 15 % ze všech nádorů diagnostikovaných u dětí mladších pěti let. Klinické příznaky neuroblastomu závisí od umístění primárního nádoru nebo místa metastatického onemocnění. V dutině břišní se vyskytuje až 65 % primárních neuroblastomů. Prezentujeme 5letého chlapce s bolestmi břicha po pádu ze schodů, u kterého ultrazvukové vyšetření vedlo k diagnóze rozsáhlého neuroblastomu pravé nadledviny.

Neuroblastoma, a tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. It accounts for 15 percent of all cancers diagnosed in children less than five years of age. The clinical signs neuroblastoma are a function of the location of the primary tumor or the sites of metastatic disease. Up to 65 percent of primary tumors arise in the abdomen. We present a 5-year-old boy with abdominal pain after falling down the stairs, where ultrasound examination led to the diagnosis of large right adrenal neuroblastoma.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neoplasm Metastasis MeSH
• Adrenal Glands pathology   MeSH
• Adrenal Gland Neoplasms * diagnosis   MeSH
• Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms * diagnosis   MeSH
• Neuroblastoma * diagnosis   MeSH
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods   MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Sympathetic Nervous System pathology   MeSH
• Ultrasonography methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• MeSH
• Antihypertensive Agents MeSH
• Bisoprolol administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Drug Combinations MeSH
• Hypertension * drug therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Blood Pressure Determination MeSH
• Obesity MeSH
• Perindopril administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Sympathetic Nervous System * pathology   drug effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• MeSH
• Adrenergic beta-Antagonists pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus MeSH
• Cardiovascular Diseases pathology   MeSH
• Tobacco Smoking adverse effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Norepinephrine blood   MeSH
• Obesity MeSH
• Prognosis MeSH
• Heart Rate MeSH
• Sympathetic Nervous System * physiology   physiopathology   pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Newspaper Article MeSH

Existing experimental studies of the effect of sympathetic nerve fibers on bone marrow cells are based on the systemic administration of neurotoxic 6-hydroxydopamine. The method of global chemical sympathectomy has some serious disadvantages and could lead to questionable results. We describe a new method of local chemical sympathectomy of rat femoral bone marrow using guanethidine (Ismelin) delivery using an osmotic mini pump. Local guanethidine treatment for 14days led to complete elimination of sympathetic fibers in femoral bone marrow in contrast to bone marrow of contralateral or naïve femurs. Ablation of sympathetic fibers was associated with a loss of rat endothelial cell marker (RECA) indicating immunophenotype changes in blood vessel endothelial cells, but no significant effect of guanethidine was found on the survival of endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Moreover, local guanethidine treatment also elicited a significant reduction of Nestin+/SDF1+ mesenchymal stem cells and c-Kit+/CD90+ hematopoietic stem cells in femoral bone marrow. Tissue-specific chemical sympathectomy of rat bone marrow by guanethidine overcomes some of the drawbacks of systemic administration of neurotoxic compounds like 6-hydroxydopamine and delivers unequivocal evidence on the effects of sympathetic innervation on the cell content of bone marrow.

• MeSH
• Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells drug effects   metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Femur drug effects   innervation   metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Fluorescent Antibody Technique MeSH
• Guanethidine pharmacology   MeSH
• Bone Marrow drug effects   innervation   metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mesenchymal Stem Cells drug effects   metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Models, Animal MeSH
• Rats, Wistar MeSH
• Flow Cytometry MeSH
• Sympathectomy, Chemical MeSH
• Sympathetic Nervous System drug effects   metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Sympatholytics pharmacology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Calcium sensitization mediated by RhoA/Rho kinase pathway can be evaluated either in the absence (basal calcium sensitization) or in the presence of endogenous vasoconstrictor systems (activated calcium sensitization). Our aim was to compare basal and activated calcium sensitization in three forms of experimental hypertension with increased sympathetic tone and enhanced calcium entry-spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), heterozygous Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR), and salt hypertensive Dahl rats. Activated calcium sensitization was determined as blood pressure reduction induced by acute administration of Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil in conscious rats with intact sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Basal calcium sensitization was studied as fasudil-dependent difference in blood pressure response to calcium channel opener BAY K8644 in rats subjected to RAS and SNS blockade. Calcium sensitization was also estimated from reduced development of isolated artery contraction by Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632. Activated calcium sensitization was enhanced in all three hypertensive models (due to the hyperactivity of vasoconstrictor systems). In contrast, basal calcium sensitization was reduced in SHR and TGR relative to their controls, whereas it was augmented in salt-sensitive Dahl rats relative to their salt-resistant controls. Similar differences in calcium sensitization were seen in femoral arteries of SHR and Dahl rats.

• MeSH
• Animals, Genetically Modified MeSH
• Hypertension etiology   genetics   metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• rho-Associated Kinases antagonists & inhibitors   genetics   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Rats, Inbred Dahl MeSH
• Rats, Inbred SHR MeSH
• Signal Transduction drug effects   MeSH
• Sympathetic Nervous System metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Calcium administration & dosage   metabolism   MeSH
• Vasoconstriction genetics   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Prezentujeme případ náhodně zjištěného asymptomatického tumoru horního mediastina. Bylo indikováno jeho operační odstranění. Nádor byl odstraněn při zachování hlavního krčního trunku sympatiku. V pooperačním období se objevuje Hornerův syndrom, který se spontánně kompenzuje. Histologicky byl verifikován schwannom.

In this paper, we present a case report of an asymptomatic tumour of the upper mediastinum, incidentally found by MRI for lateral neck cyst. The tumour was surgically removed, preserving the neck sympathetic fibres. However, postoperative course was complicated by the Horner's syndrome that spontaneously resolved. A sympathetic schwannoma was confirmed by histology.

• Keywords
• krční sympatikus,
• MeSH
• Horner Syndrome * etiology   complications   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Head and Neck Neoplasms * diagnosis   surgery   pathology   MeSH
• Mediastinal Neoplasms diagnosis   surgery   pathology   MeSH
• Nervous System Neoplasms diagnosis   surgery   pathology   MeSH
• Neurilemmoma * diagnosis   surgery   pathology   MeSH
• Postoperative Complications etiology   MeSH
• Sympathetic Nervous System pathology   injuries   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Varied causative and risk factors can lead to cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac dysfunction often evolves into heart failure by cardiac remodeling due to autonomic nervous system disturbance and neurohumoral abnormalities, even if the detriment factors are removed. Renal sympathetic nerve activity plays a pivotal regulatory role in neurohumoral mechanisms. The present study was designed to determine the therapeutic effects of renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) on cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, and neurohumoral response in transverse aortic constriction (TAC) rats with chronic pressure overload. The present study demonstrated that RSD attenuated myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy, and structural remodeling of the left atrium and ventricle, up-regulated cardiac beta adrenoceptor (beta-AR, including beta(1)AR and beta(2)AR) and sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) while down-regulated angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R), and decreased plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), norepinephrine (NE), angiotensin II (Ang II), and arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels in TAC rats with chronic pressure overload. We conclude that RSD attenuates myocardial fibrosis, the left atrial enlargement, and the left ventricular wall hypertrophy; inhibits the overdrive of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and AVP system in TAC rats with chronic pressure overload. RSD could be a promising non-pharmacological approach to control the progression of cardiac dysfunction.

• MeSH
• Chronic Disease MeSH
• Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular metabolism   physiopathology   surgery   MeSH
• Myocytes, Cardiac pathology   physiology   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Kidney innervation   surgery   MeSH
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• Renin-Angiotensin System physiology   MeSH
• Heart Failure metabolism   physiopathology   surgery   MeSH
• Sympathectomy trends   MeSH
• Sympathetic Nervous System pathology   physiology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Claude Bernardův-Hornerův syndrom, který zahrnuje stejnostrannou miózu, pokles horního víčka a enoftalmus, je vzácnou komplikací zavedení centrálního žilního katétru. Uvádíme případ tříletého chlapce, u kterého tento syndrom vznikl po zavedení dialyzačního katétru do pravostranné v. jugularis interny.

Claude Bernard-Horner syndrome, consisting of ipsilateral miosis, upper eye lid ptosis and enophtalmos, is a rare complication following insertion of a central venous catheter. We describe a case of three-year-old boy, in whom right-sided ptosis and miosis occured after percutanous insertion of dialysis catheter in ipsilateral internal jugular vein.

• MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Horner Syndrome * MeSH
• Catheterization, Central Venous * adverse effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Eye innervation   MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Sympathetic Nervous System pathology   MeSH
• Jugular Veins * surgery   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• MeSH
• Hypertension * surgery   complications   therapy   MeSH
• Blood Pressure physiology   drug effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Blood Pressure Determination * methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
• Sympathetic Nervous System * surgery   physiopathology   pathology   MeSH
• Renal Veins * surgery   physiopathology   pathology   MeSH
• Catheters, Indwelling classification   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

To evaluate the sympathetic innervation of the female diabetic heart, resting heart rate and sympathetic tone were assessed in vivo, and effect of tyramine on spontaneous beating rate, norepinephrine atrial concentrations, uptake, and release were determined in vitro in streptozotocin- (STZ-) treated rats and respective controls aged 3 months to 2 years. Resting bradycardia, decreased sympathetic tone, deceleration of spontaneous beating rate, and slightly declining carrier-mediated, but preserved exocytotic norepinephrine release from the atria were found in younger diabetic rats while the reactivity of the right atria to tyramine was not affected with age and disease duration. Diabetic two-year-old animals displayed symptoms of partial spontaneous recovery including normoglycemia, increased plasma insulin concentrations, fully recovered sympathetic tone, but putative change, in releasable norepinephrine tissue stores. Our data suggested that female diabetic heart exposed to long-lasting diabetic conditions seems to be more resistant to alteration in sympathetic innervation than the male one.

• MeSH
• Atropine pharmacology   MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental chemically induced   metabolism   physiopathology   MeSH
• Insulin metabolism   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Metipranolol pharmacology   MeSH
• Sex Characteristics MeSH
• Rats, Wistar MeSH
• Heart drug effects   innervation   physiopathology   MeSH
• Heart Rate drug effects   physiology   MeSH
• Streptozocin MeSH
• Sympathetic Nervous System drug effects   pathology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Sympatholytics pharmacology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH