Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods of significant importance to human and veterinary medicine. They transmit a vast array of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and helminths. Most epidemiological data on ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in the West Indies are limited to common livestock pathogens such as Ehrlichia ruminantium, Babesia spp. (i.e., B. bovis and B. bigemina), and Anaplasma marginale, and less information is available on companion animal pathogens. Of note, human tick-borne diseases (TBDs) remain almost completely uncharacterized in the West Indies. Information on TBP presence in wildlife is also missing. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the ticks and TBPs affecting human and animal health in the Caribbean, and introduce the challenges associated with understanding TBD epidemiology and implementing successful TBD management in this region. In particular, we stress the need for innovative and versatile surveillance tools using high-throughput pathogen detection (e.g., high-throughput real-time microfluidic PCR). The use of such tools in large epidemiological surveys will likely improve TBD prevention and control programs in the Caribbean.
- MeSH
- Anaplasma marginale izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- Babesia izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- divoká zvířata MeSH
- Ehrlichia ruminantium izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- epidemiologické monitorování veterinární MeSH
- hmyz - vektory klasifikace mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- klíšťata klasifikace mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci přenášené klíšťaty epidemiologie mikrobiologie parazitologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- nemoci zvířat epidemiologie mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- rychlé screeningové testy metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- karibský region epidemiologie MeSH
- Západoindické souostroví epidemiologie MeSH
Studies regarding the distribution and ecology of ticks in dogs from Eastern Africa are scarce. Our research was based on a long-term screening of ticks parasitising the domestic dogs living with indigenous people around Lake Turkana, Mt. Kulal and Mt. Nyiru areas, Northern Kenya. A total of 9977 ticks were collected from 1464 dogs of all ages and both sexes. Identification was performed using morphological keys and data were analyzed using the Repeated Measures ANOVA, post-hoc Scheffe test and F test, relating independent variables as seasons and regions. Final results were translated to maps using GIS software. Five species of ticks were identified: Rhipicephalus pulchellus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.), Rhipicephalus armatus, Amblyomma gemma and Hyalomma truncatum. Our results suggest a statistical difference of the tick community structure related to seasonal and altitudinal distribution. Parasitism with R. armatus and R. pulchellus was higher in September-October than in January, whereas, R. sanguineus s.l. was not influenced by the season. Rhipicephalus armatus was present exclusively on dogs living in semi-desert areas, while R. sanguineus s.l. was the dominant species present on the shores of Lake Turkana. Although R. pulchellus was present in the all studied areas, this species had a significantly higher abundance in the afromontane region of Mt. Kulal and montane xeromorphic forest of Mt. Nyiru; these regions are characterized by elevated humidity and cooler climate. Similar geo-climatic distribution is typical also for A. gemma, which was found in dogs exclusively in Mt. Kulal afromontane area. The current work represents the most extensive study performed on the tick community structure of dogs in Eastern Africa. The results showed a relatively limited tick species diversity, with clear seasonal differences and altitudinal distribution.
- MeSH
- epidemiologické monitorování MeSH
- infestace klíšťaty epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- klíšťata klasifikace MeSH
- nadmořská výška * MeSH
- nemoci psů epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- psi MeSH
- roční období * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Keňa MeSH
Ticks were collected from wild birds at 3 locations in Paraguay during the South American winter in August and September 2012. In total, 480 birds belonging to 106 species were examined. Overall, 31 (6.5%) birds representing 21 species were found parasitized by ticks which were identified as Amblyomma calcaratum Neumann (2 larvae, 20 nymphs), Amblyomma longirostre (Koch) (17 larvae, 3 nymphs), Amblyomma parvum Aragão (7 nymphs), Amblyomma aureolatum (Pallas) (1 nymph), Amblyomma ovale Koch (1 nymph), Amblyomma tigrinum Koch (1 larva), and Amblyomma spp. (4 larvae). Ticks collected accidentally on humans at the study locations during field work included 1 nymph of Amblyomma coelebs Neumann and 54 nymphs of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius). Most ticks were individually tested for the presence of Rickettsia species by polymerase chain reaction targeting rickettsial genes gltA and ompA and by amplicon sequencing. Two (12%) out of 17 A. longirostre larvae were found infected with Candidatus 'Rickettsia amblyommii', and 2 (33%) out of 6 A. parvum nymphs were infected with Candidatus 'Rickettsia andeanae'. This study provides the first report of rickettsial infections in Paraguayan ticks.
- MeSH
- divoká zvířata MeSH
- infestace klíšťaty epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- klíšťata klasifikace mikrobiologie MeSH
- larva klasifikace mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci ptáků epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- nymfa klasifikace mikrobiologie MeSH
- ptáci MeSH
- Rickettsia klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Paraguay MeSH
In winter months during 2003-2006, wild birds were captured and examined for ticks and chiggers at two sites near Brno, Czech Republic. In total, 1,362 birds, mostly passerines, were examined. The tick Ixodes arboricola Schulze et Schlottke, 1929 was found on 47 (3%) birds of six species. Ixodes ricinus Linnaeus, 1758 was found on 11 (1%) birds of five species. Larvae of chiggers Ascoschoengastia latyshevi (Schluger 1955) were found on 13 (1%) birds of six species. I. arboricola and A. latyshevi associated with hole-nesting birds can appear on birds rather frequently even during winter months. I. ricinus occurs on birds in winter sporadically.
- MeSH
- divoká zvířata parazitologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- infestace klíšťaty epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- infestace roztoči epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- klíšťata klasifikace MeSH
- nemoci ptáků epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Passeriformes parazitologie MeSH
- Trombiculidae klasifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- aktivace trombocytů fyziologie MeSH
- Apicomplexa parazitologie patogenita MeSH
- apyrasa farmakologie MeSH
- hemostáza * fyziologie MeSH
- inhibitory koagulačních faktorů * klasifikace MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- klíšťata klasifikace MeSH
- klíště * enzymologie parazitologie patogenita MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida klasifikace parazitologie MeSH
- kousnutí klíštětem komplikace krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymeská nemoc etiologie parazitologie MeSH
- prostaglandiny farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- klíšťata anatomie a histologie klasifikace patogenita MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lymeská nemoc etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- tularemie etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zdroje nemoci MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- hlodavci parazitologie MeSH
- klíšťata anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Írán MeSH
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- entomologie metody MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- klíšťata fyziologie klasifikace MeSH
- kontrola klíšťat MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
