Nasal immunisation represents an innovative and perspective route of vaccine administration that provides many benefits compared to the more traditional approaches. Since most infections start on mucosal membranes, the mucosal immunisation provides a rational reason for its application. Mucosal delivery for vaccine administration (for example oral or nasal routes) could stimulate both systemic and mucosal immune responses. However, there are still some limitations that should be solved for a broader utilisation of this approach. There is still the necessity to use strongly immunogenic antigens or appropriate adjuvants for the induction of a strong immune response. The use of nanoparticles in the vaccine development could represent a promising approach for the mucosal vaccine research. Nanoparticles could thus serve as delivery vehicles providing to vaccines their unique properties, such as the antigen stabilisation and protection, serve as an adjuvant and elicit an antigen-specific immune response on the target sites.
- MeSH
- antigeny imunologie klasifikace MeSH
- aplikace slizniční MeSH
- chitosan * aplikace a dávkování chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nanočástice klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- nanočásticový lékový transportní systém * terapeutické užití MeSH
- nos imunologie MeSH
- nosní sliznice imunologie MeSH
- vakcinace metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Trichosporon cutaneum is the second most significant opportunistic pathogen of genus Trichosporon after T. asahii . Its virulence is strongly tied to biofilm formation and colonization of various medical materials. Tricho- sporon spp. infections are ordinarily treated with antifun- gal azoles or polyene antibiotics. Nowadays, this type of therapy often fails and there is a great effort aimed at find- ing new antimicrobial substances, often originating from plant sources. These sources are frequently used as the components of traditional medicine. This study is focused on the effect of antibiotic am- photericin B, polysaccharide chitosan, and flavonoid bai- calein on the biofilm formation of T. cutaneum CCY 30-5-10. Their effects were studied by inverse microscope Cel- lavista using the image analysis evaluation of the area colonized by the biofilm in 96well microtitre plates. Baicalein was the most effective substance (concentration 40 mg L ‒ 1 caused 50% inhibition of cell adhesion and 75% eradication of mature biofilm). A significant effect was also observed when chitosan was applied (concentration 40 mg L ‒ 1 caused 69% inhibition of cell adhesion). Polyene antibiotic amphotericin B had distinctly stimulating effect on cell adhesion and only slightly eradicated the mature biofilm of T. cutaneum CCY 30-5-10.
- Klíčová slova
- Baicalein,
- MeSH
- amfotericin B aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- antifungální látky aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- biofilmy účinky léků MeSH
- chitosan aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- flavanony aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- protinádorové látky aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- Trichosporon patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder that causes excessive accumulation of copper in the body, leading to toxic damage, especially in the liver and nervous system. The current treatment cause burdensome side effects. We describe the use of chemically modified biopolymer carriers based on microcrystalline cellulose and chitosan containing the highly specific copper chelator 8-hydroxyquinoline as a new type of therapy for Wilson's disease. The chelators can scavenges copper ions released from food during digestion and copper ions present in secretions in the gastrointestinal tract. Because the chelator is covalently bound to indigestible biopolymer carriers (crosslinked chitosan or modified cellulose), it is not taken up by the gastrointestinal tract and it can be eliminated through the feces, avoiding unwanted side effects. This concept was tested on Wistar rats, which received a radioactive 64CuCl2 solution together with the polymers with covalently bound 8-hydroxyquinoline through a gastric probe. 64Copper complex uptake from the gastrointestinal tract was significantly inhibited by both chelating polymers. With the modified polymers, the presence of 64Cu was detected mostly in the gastrointestinal tract, not in the internal organs. These findings indicate modified cellulose and crosslinked chitosan, with covalently bound 8-hydroxyquinoline exhibited the potential to be excellent therapeutics for treating Wilson's disease.
- MeSH
- celulosa aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika MeSH
- chitosan aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt metabolismus MeSH
- hepatolentikulární degenerace farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- měď MeSH
- oxychinolin aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- radioizotopy mědi aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Chitin/chitosan-glucan complex (ChCsGC) was isolated from Schizophyllum commune (S. commune) and dissolved for the first time in precooled (-15°C) 8wt.% urea/6wt.% NaOH aqueous solution. Novel nonwoven microfiber mats were fabricated by wet-dry-spinning technique and evaluated the mechanical of fabrics mats and surface morphology. Isolated and nonwoven mat were characterized employing FTIR-ATR, Optical microscope, TGA, DSC, H/C NMR, SEM and XRD techniques. According to the physical/chemical characterization measurements we can assumed that, the net and the novel dressing mats have the same chemical structure with slightly changes in the thermal stability for the dressing mats.The biological activity of the nonwoven ChCsGC fabric was tested against different types of bacteria exhibiting excellent antibacterial activity. Cell viability of the plain complex and nonwovens mats were evaluated utilizing mouse fibroblast cell line varying concentrations and treatment time. ChCsGC did not show any cytotoxicity against mouse fibroblast cells and the cell-fabrics interaction was also investigated using fluorescence microscope. The novel ChCsGC nonwovens exhibited excellent surgical wound healing ability when tested using rat models.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- buňky NIH 3T3 MeSH
- chitosan aplikace a dávkování chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- glukany aplikace a dávkování chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hojení ran účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- obvazy * MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Schizophyllum izolace a purifikace MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of an amphiphilic system comprising chitosan-grafted polylactide and carboxyl-functionalized polylactide acid as a carrier for the controlled release and co-release of two DNA alkylating drugs: doxorubicin and temozolomide. Polylactide and carboxyl-functionalized polylactide acid were obtained through direct melt polycondensation reaction, using methanesulfonic acid as a non-toxic initiator, and subsequently these were grafted to the chitosan backbone through a coupling reaction, utilizing 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide as a condensing agent. ATR-FTIR analysis and conductometric titration confirmed that a reaction between CS and PLA, PLACA2% and PLACA5% occurred. Chitosan-grafted-polylactide and polylactide-citric acid nanoparticles were prepared via the polyelectrolyte complex technique, applying dextran sulphate as a polyanion, and loaded with doxorubicin and temozolomide. The diameter of particles, ζ-potential and their relationship to temperature and pH were analysed in all formulations. Encapsulation, co-encapsulation efficiency and release studies were conducted in different physiological simulated environments and human serum. Results showed the continuous release of drugs without an initial burst in different physiological media.
- MeSH
- chitosan aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- dakarbazin aplikace a dávkování analogy a deriváty chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- doxorubicin aplikace a dávkování chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyselina mléčná aplikace a dávkování chemická syntéza chemie MeSH
- lékové transportní systémy * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- nanočástice aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- polymery aplikace a dávkování chemická syntéza chemie MeSH
- povrchově aktivní látky aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The effect of the administration of chitosan (CS) and chitooligosaccharides (COS) on rat fecal microbiota was analyzed in this study. The profile of total bacterial population was monitored during 3 weeks of CS or COS application using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Quantitative PCR was used for monitoring possible changes in the levels of total bacteria and the levels of individual bacterial groups: Bifidobacteria, Clostridium leptum, Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillus-Streptococcus-Enterobacter, and Bacteroides-Prevotella. The DGGE profiles revealed a high complexity and individuality of each tested subject, and variations in the composition of band pattern were observed. CS or COS per os administration changed the profile and structure of the microbial ecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract of healthy rats. COS have, in most cases, an opposite effect compared with CS; only the Bacteroides-Prevotella bacterial group and Enterobacteriaceae were influenced in the same way. The Bifidobacteria group was not influenced by the administration CS and COS.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- chitosan aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- metagenom účinky léků MeSH
- oligosacharidy aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- potravinářské přísady aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- střeva mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Topical delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) to the colonic mucosa is important in order to achieve effective drug concentration in the site of inflammation and to minimize its systemic availability. 5-ASA loaded pellets were prepared by an extrusion/spheronization method. Mucoadhesive biopolymer chitosan was incorporated into the pellets, and drug delivery to the colon was controlled by the pH-sensitive polymer Eudragit® FS. Dissolution profiles of coated pellets revealed no drug release at pH 1.2 within 2h and release as intended in the simulated distal ileum and colon. In vivo, chitosan-core drug loaded pellets (AMCh) showed 2.5-fold higher drug metabolite concentration than after chitosan free pellets (AM) administration in the inflamed colonic tissue. Additionally, AMCh demonstrated decreased in AUC in colitis group (1507 ± 400 ng h/ml) compared with AM (1907 ± 122 ng h/ml). In terms of therapeutic efficiency, administration of pellets markedly decreased the colon/body weight ratio (colitis: 0.0355 ± 0.0028; AM 0.0092 ± 0.0033; AMCh 0.0086 ± 0.0022) and myeloperoxidase activity (colitis: 3212 ± 294 U/g tissue; AM 796 ± 211 U/g; AMCh 552 ± 319 U/g). Bioadhesive chitosan pellets showed additional beneficial properties for colonic 5-ASA delivery in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease by increasing the drug concentration locally.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- biopolymery aplikace a dávkování chemie farmakokinetika MeSH
- chitosan aplikace a dávkování chemie farmakokinetika MeSH
- implantované léky aplikace a dávkování chemie farmakokinetika MeSH
- kolitida farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- kolon účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lékové transportní systémy metody MeSH
- mesalamin aplikace a dávkování chemie farmakokinetika MeSH
- peroxidasa metabolismus MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- zánět farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of this study was to develop a multiple-unit dosage system that released model drug into the colon, and also to evaluate the efficiency of the dosage form in human volunteers. The developed system combines pH-, time- and biodegradable polymer-based mechanisms for drug targeting to the colon. Pellet cores containing caffeine as model drug and chitosan and microcrystalline cellulose as excipients were prepared by the extrusion/spheronization method. The prepared pellets were film coated with a pH-dependent polymer, Eudragit FS 30 D. The coating total weight gain was 28.83% (w/w). Thanks to the application of an outer enteric film and the multiple unit design of the dosage form, the variability in gastric emptying was overcome, and a colon-specific targeting relied on the reproducibility of a small intestinal transit time, which was reported to be 3 ± 1 hours. A biodegradable polymer in the pellet core, chitosan, ensured the site-specific release of the model drug due to its solubility at the lower pH of the colonic region and by its biodegradability from the bacteria present. The efficiency of the system was confirmed by the in vivo testing of human saliva. The time of the first appearance of caffeine into the saliva, T(lag), was used as a parameter to estimate the disintegration time of the pellets into the gastrointestinal tract. The caffeine appeared in the saliva within 6.95 ± 1.12 hours (T(lag)) in 9 volunteers. A comparison of the reported colon arrival times indicates that the developed system is applicable to colonic drug delivery.
- MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- celulosa aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- chitosan aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- farmaceutická chemie metody MeSH
- implantované léky aplikace a dávkování chemie farmakokinetika MeSH
- kofein aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- kolon metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- lékové formy MeSH
- lékové transportní systémy metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pomocné látky aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- sliny metabolismus MeSH
- vyprazdňování žaludku účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- celulosa oxidovaná aplikace a dávkování kontraindikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- chitin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- chitosan aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- dehiscence operační rány terapie MeSH
- dekubity terapie MeSH
- hojení ran fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- kolagen aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obvazy hydrokoloidní klasifikace kontraindikace využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The novel chitinolytic bacterium Clostridium beijerinckii strain JM2 was isolated from the stool of healthy volunteers supplied daily per orally with 3 g of chitosan. The bacterium grown on colloidal chitin produced a complete array of chitinolytic enzymes. Significant activities of endochitinase, exochitinase and chitosanase were excreted into the medium (301, 282 and 268 nkat/microg protein, respectively). The high cellular activity of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAGase) and chitosanase were detected (732.4 and 154 nkat/microg protein, respectively). NAGase activity represented the main activity associated with the cellular fraction. The activities of both enzymes tested increased from 20 to 50 degrees C; the optimum reaction temperature estimated being 50 degrees C. Endochitinase as well as NAGase showed an activity in the pH interval of 4.0-8.0; the optimum pH values were 6.5 and 6.0, respectively. The extracellular endochitinase complex consisted of six isoenzymes with molar mass of 32-76 kDa; in the cellular fraction five bands with molar mass of 45-86 kDa were detected. Exochitinase activity was demonstrated in the form of three bands (with molar mass of 30-57 kDa), NAGase activity displayed one band of 45 kDa.
- MeSH
- acetylglukosaminidasa metabolismus MeSH
- chitin metabolismus MeSH
- chitinasy metabolismus MeSH
- chitosan aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- Clostridium enzymologie izolace a purifikace klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- glykosidhydrolasy metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- stabilita enzymů MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
