Chronic hepatitis C is curable disease. Low detection rate could be one of the reasons of poor treatment uptake. It is important to identify HCV prevalence and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive patients in population by effective screening strategy such as risk-based or birth cohort screening programs. There are no national population-based estimates of the HCV prevalence in the Czech Republic (CZ). The most recent seroprevalence survey determined a prevalence of positive anti-HCV antibodies of 0.2% (in 2001). The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of HCV, HCV viraemia and HCV genotype in the CZ adult population. We also estimated the number of persons living with chronic hepatitis C in CZ. The examined group included 3000 adults, 18-90 years of age enrolled in 2015. All serum samples were examined to determined anti-HCV antibodies positivity, HCV-RNA positivity and genotypes. Of the 3000 samples, 50 were found to be anti-HCV-positive, for a seroprevalence of 1.67% (2.39% in males, 0.98% in females). The overall prevalence of positive HCV RNA was 0.93%: 1.5% in males, 0.39% in females. HCV genotype (GT) 1a was determined in 25%, GT 1b in 25% and GT 3a in 46%. Since 2001, the HCV seroprevalence has increased 8-fold. The highest HCV seroprevalence occurred in males aged 30-44 years. We can estimate that there are more than 140,000 people with HCV antibodies and more than 80,000 people with chronic hepatitis C living in the CZ. The introduction of birth cohort HCV screening could be beneficial for the country.
- MeSH
- chronická hepatitida C epidemiologie imunologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- Hepacivirus genetika imunologie MeSH
- hepatitida C - protilátky krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- plošný screening MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- RNA virová genetika MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- věkové rozložení MeSH
- viremie epidemiologie imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Interní grantové agentury MZ ČR
1 svazek : ilustrace, tabulky ; 30 cm
The following markers will be examined in the blood of adult patients with chronic hepatitis C (HC), genotype 1b in Prague and Hradec Králove: 1) Expression of activation markers CD38 a HLA-DR on the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) presents the information about activation of immune system. 2) Determination of FoxP3 (Treg) that suppress CTLs and viral elimination is inhibited. 3) Next cytokines will be analysed in laboratory in Prague using FlowCytomix methodology: IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IFNg, TGF-b and TNF? and 4) Next imunological markers will be assessed in Albany (NY,USA) by GCSPCE (grating-coupled surface plasmon coupled emission) technology with the aim to assess what markers have diagnostic and prognostic relevance. Markers will be monitored in these patients: 1) Group of 40 patients (pts) treated with PegIFN alfa with RBV. 2) 20 pts that eliminated HCV infection without antiviral treatment and 3) 30 healthy persons as control group.
U dospělých pacientů s chronickou hepatitidou C (HC), genotypem 1b budou z periferní krve v Praze a Hradci Králové vyšetřovány tyto markery: 1) Exprese aktivačních znaků CD38 a HLA-DR na cytotoxických T lymfocytech (CTL) k získání informace o aktivaci imunitního systému. 2) Stanovení FoxP3 (Treg), tlumící cytotoxické lymfocyty (CTLs), potlačující eliminaci viru HC. 3) Další cytokiny budou vyšetřovány v laboratoři v Praze metodikou FlowCytomix: IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IFNg, TGF-b a TNF? a 4) Imunologické markery v laboratoři v Albany (NY, USA) pomocí technologie GCSPCE (grating-coupled surface plasmon coupled emission) s cílem určení těch, které mají diagnostický a prognostický význam. Markery budou sledovány u těchto pacientů:1. Soubor 40 pacientů léčených pegylovaným interferonem alfa s ribavirinem. 2. Soubor 20 pacientů, kteří eliminovali HCV infekci bez antivirové léčby a 3. Kontrolní soubor 30 zdravých osob
- MeSH
- antigeny CD38 MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- chronická hepatitida C imunologie MeSH
- cytotoxické T-lymfocyty MeSH
- genotypizační techniky MeSH
- hepatitida C - protilátky MeSH
- hepatitida C MeSH
- HLA-DR antigeny MeSH
- interferon alfa MeSH
- interleukiny analýza MeSH
- molekulární biologie MeSH
- regulační T-lymfocyty MeSH
- Konspekt
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
- NLK Obory
- biologie
- infekční lékařství
- virologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR
Patogeneze infekce způsobené virem hepatitidy C (HCV) je řízena jak imunitou hostitele, tak některými metabolickými faktory, které ovlivňují metabolismus v játrech (oxidativní stres, rezistence k inzulinu a jaterní steatóza). Vrozená i získaná imunita hrají u HCV infekce důležitou úlohu. Rozhodující funkci v eliminaci viru nebo v jeho perzistenci sehrávají cytotoxické lymfocyty. Za nejčastější příčinu perzistence HCV infekce je považován vznik pouze slabé protivirové imunitní odpovědi na virové antigeny, což koresponduje s nemožností likvidovat infikované buňky.
The pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is regulated by the host immunity and several metabolic factors affecting liver metabolism, including oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. Both innate and adaptive immunity play an important role in HCV infection. Cytotoxic lymphocytes have a crucial role in viral eradication or viral persistence. Major cause of viral persistence during HCV infection could be the development of a weak antiviral immune response to the viral antigens, with corresponding inability to eradicate infected cells.
- MeSH
- CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- chronická hepatitida C imunologie patofyziologie MeSH
- hepatitida C * imunologie patofyziologie MeSH
- imunitní systém - jevy MeSH
- játra imunologie virologie MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- regulační T-lymfocyty fyziologie imunologie MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Since the 1990s, blood donors have been scanned for anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) antibodies, which can be defined by enzyme immunoassay as a screening test. In this population, false-reactive ratios have been high. Recently, some authors have aimed to find a cutoff value for anti-HCV different from those established by test manufacturers to predict HCV infection. In this study, 321 patients, after two repeating tests, had reactive results in s/co <10 titers on anti-HCV test. The patients were 29.6 % (n = 95) in women and 70.4 % (n = 226) in men. The patients were classified into three groups by Western blot (WB) results (PS, positive; NG, negative; and ID, indeterminate). The average anti-HCV titer of the whole group was 2.61 ± 1.96. Anti-HCV titers of subgroups were 2.43 ± 1.95 in NG, 4.93 ± 2.53 in PS, and 2.50 ± 1.65 in ID (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference between NG and PS and between PS and ID subgroups (p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between WB and anti-HCV titers in all patients (r = 0.298, p < 0.001), in women (r = 0.282, p < 0.001), and in men (r = 0.337, p = 0.002). According to receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff value of anti-HCV titer to predict hepatitis C infection was >2.61 s/co, with 74.1 % sensitivity and 71.6 % specificity (area under the curve, 0.820; 95 % confidence interval, 0.753 to 0.887). We suggest that an effective cutoff value for anti-HCV other than that established by the manufacturer cannot be assigned to predict hepatitis C infection for blood donors in low-prevalence areas.
- MeSH
- chronická hepatitida C diagnóza imunologie MeSH
- Hepacivirus imunologie MeSH
- hepatitida C - protilátky krev MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky metody normy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- western blotting metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
The distinctive feature of HCV is it's heterogeneity with development of the simultaneously existing and immunologically different antigen variants that posses significant potential for adaptation and abilities to avoid control of the immune system of the host organism, that probably leads to the highest level of chronization of the process in HCV infection. According to several authors the same features of pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus are basis for its autoimmune manifestations, but the role of this impairments in the development of the system disorders is not clear yet. 145 patients with blood serum anti HCV IgG positive test цere examined. Comparative analysis of levels of regulatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α) was conducted, depending on the activity of the process; the analysis showed chronic hepatitis C with an autoimmune component characterized by severe symptoms before immune inflammation together with decrease in activity of regulatory T cells. These features suggest a possible pathogenetic and clinical role of autoimmunity in viral lesions of the liver.
Viral hepatitis B and C is a relevant issue because of high prevalence and degree of chronicity, late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Today, protein products of numerous genes are involved in the pathogenesis of viral pathology of the liver. In this review, the authors analysed 42 literature sources on genetic basis of susceptibility to various infectious diseases. Study of the role of immunogenetic factors is of great practical importance to develop methods for predicting outcomes of viral hepatitis.
- MeSH
- antigen CTLA-4 genetika MeSH
- chronická hepatitida B etiologie genetika imunologie patologie MeSH
- chronická hepatitida C * etiologie genetika imunologie patologie MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- cytokiny * genetika MeSH
- cytotoxické T-lymfocyty * MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- imunogenetika MeSH
- játra patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- virová hepatitida u lidí * etiologie genetika imunologie patologie MeSH
- výzkumný projekt MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Calreticulin, upon translocation to the cell surface, plays a critical role in the recognition of tumour cells and in experimentally induced cellular anti-tumour immunity. However, less is known about anti-calreticulin antibodies and their role in malignancies. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we found immunoglobulin (Ig)A and/or IgG anti-calreticulin antibodies in sera of approximately 63% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 57% of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRA) and 47% of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PACA), while healthy controls, patients with viral hepatitis C and with chronic pancreatitis reached only 2%, 20% and 31% seropositivity, respectively. We found significantly elevated mean levels of IgA anti-calreticulin antibodies (P < 0.001) in patients with HCC (78.7 +/- 52.3 AU, mean +/- standard deviation), PACA (66.5 +/- 30.9 AU) and CRA (61.8 +/- 25.8 AU) when compared to healthy controls (41.4 +/- 19.2 AU). Significantly elevated mean levels of IgG anti-calreticulin antibodies (P < 0.001) were detected in patients with HCC (121.9 +/- 94.2 AU), gall bladder adenocarcinoma (118.4 +/- 80.0 AU) and PACA (88.7 +/- 55.6 AU) when compared to healthy controls (56.7 +/- 22.9 AU). Pepscan analysis revealed a large number of antigenic epitopes of calreticulin recognized by both IgA and IgG antibodies of patients with HCC and PACA, indicating robust systemic immune response. Moreover, significantly elevated levels of antibodies against peptide KGEWKPRQIDNP (P < 0.001) in these patients, tested by ELISA, confirmed the distinct character of antibody reactivity against calreticulin. The high occurrence and specificity of serum anti-calreticulin autoantibodies in the majority of patients with some gastrointestinal malignancies provide the evidence for their possible clinical relevance.
- MeSH
- adenokarcinom krev imunologie MeSH
- autoantigeny imunologie MeSH
- autoprotilátky krev imunologie MeSH
- B-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- chronická hepatitida C krev imunologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- epitopy imunologie MeSH
- hepatocelulární karcinom krev imunologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin A krev imunologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin G krev imunologie MeSH
- kalretikulin imunologie MeSH
- kolorektální nádory krev imunologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádorové proteiny imunologie MeSH
- nádory jater krev imunologie MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní krev imunologie MeSH
- nádory žlučníku krev imunologie MeSH
- pankreatitida krev imunologie MeSH
- protilátky nádorové krev imunologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- specificita protilátek MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The study established the frequency of detection of antigens and antibodies to HBV and HCV in mixed-hepatitis B C. The highest rates of detection of serological markers were observed in the identification in the blood the HBV genotype D and HCV genotype 1b. This phenomenon can be explained by the high replicative and antigenic activity of viruses in these genotypes, resulting in a high viral load in blood, compared with HBV genotypes A and C, HCV genotypes 3a and 2a. In this regard, the use of ELISA technique in combination with PCR diagnosis and genotyping of viruses is considered as desirable for the etiological interpretation of viral hepatitis. This approach also will enhance achieving the correct diagnosis and adequate choice of treatment programs
- Klíčová slova
- anti-HBs,
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- chronická hepatitida B * genetika imunologie MeSH
- chronická hepatitida C * genetika imunologie MeSH
- DNA virů MeSH
- ELISA statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- Hepacivirus genetika imunologie MeSH
- hepatitida B - antigeny e genetika imunologie MeSH
- hepatitida B - antigeny jádrové genetika imunologie MeSH
- hepatitida B - antigeny povrchové genetika imunologie MeSH
- hepatitida C - antigeny genetika imunologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin G analýza imunologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin M analýza imunologie MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza patologie MeSH
- jehlová biopsie MeSH
- koinfekce * genetika imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- RNA virová MeSH
- virová nálož statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- virové geny * MeSH
- virus hepatitidy B genetika imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Uzbekistán MeSH
- MeSH
- chronická hepatitida B farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- chronická hepatitida C farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- TNF-alfa antagonisté a inhibitory aplikace a dávkování krev MeSH
- viremie genetika imunologie MeSH
- virus GB-C genetika imunologie patogenita MeSH
- virus hepatitidy B genetika imunologie patogenita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- antivirové látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- chronická hepatitida C farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- interferon alfa aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ribavirin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
