BACKGROUND: Natalizumab was not shown to modify disability in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). This matched observational study compared the effectiveness of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) with natalizumab in progressive MS. METHODS: Patients with primary/secondary progressive MS from seven AHSCT MS centres and the MSBase registry, treated with AHSCT or natalizumab, were matched on a propensity score derived from sex, age, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), number of relapses 12/24 months before baseline, time from MS onset, the most effective prior therapy and country. The pairwise-censored groups were compared on hazards of 6-month confirmed EDSS worsening and improvement, relapses and annualised relapse rates (ARRs), using Andersen-Gill proportional hazards models and conditional negative binomial model. RESULTS: 39 patients treated with AHSCT (37 with secondary progressive MS, mean age 37 years, EDSS 5.7, 28% with recent disability progression, ARR 0.54 during the preceding year) were matched with 65 patients treated with natalizumab. The study found no evidence for difference in hazards of confirmed EDSS worsening (HR 1.49, 95% CI 0.70 to 3.14) and improvement (HR 1.50, 95% CI 0.22 to 10.29) between AHSCT and natalizumab over up to 4 years. The relapse activity was also similar while treated with AHSCT and natalizumab (ARR: mean±SD 0.08±0.28 vs 0.08±0.25; HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.39 to 2.82). In the AHSCT group, 3 patients experienced febrile neutropenia during mobilisation, 9 patients experienced serum sickness, 6 patients required intensive care unit admission and 36 patients experienced complications after discharge. No treatment-related deaths were reported. CONCLUSION: This study does not support the use of AHSCT to control disability in progressive MS with advanced disability and low relapse activity.
- MeSH
- autologní transplantace * MeSH
- chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie terapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunologické faktory terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- natalizumab * terapeutické užití MeSH
- posuzování pracovní neschopnosti MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Many challenges exist in the precise diagnosis and clinical management of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) because of the lack of definitive clinical, imaging, immunologic, or pathologic criteria that demarcate the transition from relapsing-remitting MS to SPMS. This review provides an overview of the diagnostic criteria/definition and the heterogeneity associated with different SPMS patient populations; it also emphasizes the importance of available prospective/retrospective tools to identify patients with SPMS earlier in the disease course so that approved disease-modifying therapies and nonpharmacological strategies will translate into better outcomes. Delivery of such interventions necessitates an evolving patient-clinician dialog within the context of a multidisciplinary team.
BACKGROUND: Over the decades, several natural history studies on patients with primary (PPMS) or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) were reported from international registries. In PPMS, a consistent heterogeneity on long-term disability trajectories was demonstrated. The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of patients with SPMS with similar longitudinal trajectories of disability over time. METHODS: All patients with MS collected within Big MS registries who received an SPMS diagnosis from physicians (cohort 1) or satisfied the Lorscheider criteria (cohort 2) were considered. Longitudinal Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were modelled by a latent class growth analysis (LCGA), using a non-linear function of time from the first EDSS visit in the range 3-4. RESULTS: A total of 3613 patients with SPMS were included in the cohort 1. LCGA detected three different subgroups of patients with a mild (n=1297; 35.9%), a moderate (n=1936; 53.6%) and a severe (n=380; 10.5%) disability trajectory. Median time to EDSS 6 was 12.1, 5.0 and 1.7 years, for the three groups, respectively; the probability to reach EDSS 6 at 8 years was 14.4%, 78.4% and 98.3%, respectively. Similar results were found among 7613 patients satisfying the Lorscheider criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to previous interpretations, patients with SPMS progress at greatly different rates. Our identification of distinct trajectories can guide better patient selection in future phase 3 SPMS clinical trials. Additionally, distinct trajectories could reflect heterogeneous pathological mechanisms of progression.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, MS treatment is limited to several Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- and European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved medications that slow disease progression by immunomodulatory action. Fingolimod and siponimod have similar mechanisms of action, and consequently, their therapeutic effects may be comparable. However, while fingolimod is mainly used for relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), siponimod, according to EMA label, is recommended for active secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Clinicians and scientists are analysing whether patients can switch from fingolimod to siponimod and identifying the advantages or disadvantages of such a switch from a therapeutic point of view. In this review, we aim to discuss the therapeutic effects of these two drugs and the advantages/disadvantages of switching treatment from fingolimod to siponimod in patients with the most common forms of MS, RRMS and SPMS.
- MeSH
- chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie chemicky indukované MeSH
- fingolimod hydrochlorid škodlivé účinky MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- imunosupresiva škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurodegenerativní nemoci * chemicky indukované farmakoterapie MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Some studies comparing primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS, SPMS) report similar ages at onset of the progressive phase and similar rates of subsequent disability accrual. Others report later onset and/or faster accrual in SPMS. Comparisons have been complicated by regional cohort effects, phenotypic differences in sex ratio and management and variable diagnostic criteria for SPMS. METHODS: We compared disability accrual in PPMS and operationally diagnosed SPMS in the international, clinic-based MSBase cohort. Inclusion required PPMS or SPMS with onset at age ≥18 years since 1995. We estimated Andersen-Gill hazard ratios for disability accrual on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), adjusted for sex, age, baseline disability, EDSS score frequency and drug therapies, with centre and patient as random effects. We also estimated ages at onset of the progressive phase (Kaplan-Meier) and at EDSS milestones (Turnbull). Analyses were replicated with physician-diagnosed SPMS. RESULTS: Included patients comprised 1872 with PPMS (47% men; 50% with activity) and 2575 with SPMS (32% men; 40% with activity). Relative to PPMS, SPMS had older age at onset of the progressive phase (median 46.7 years (95% CI 46.2-47.3) vs 43.9 (43.3-44.4); p<0.001), greater baseline disability, slower disability accrual (HR 0.86 (0.78-0.94); p<0.001) and similar age at wheelchair dependence. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate later onset of the progressive phase and slower disability accrual in SPMS versus PPMS. This may balance greater baseline disability in SPMS, yielding convergent disability trajectories across phenotypes. The different rates of disability accrual should be considered before amalgamating PPMS and SPMS in clinical trials.
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- Klíčová slova
- studie EXPAND, siponimod,
- MeSH
- chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- cytochrom P450 CYP2C9 analýza genetika MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- receptory sfingosin-1-fosfátu antagonisté a inhibitory terapeutické užití MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- siponimod,
- MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modulátory receptorů sfingosin-1-fosfátu aplikace a dávkování ekonomika farmakologie MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Sekundárně-progresivní roztroušená skleróza (SP-RS) představuje celosvětově druhou nejčastější formu RS. Zatímco pro relaps-remitentní RS máme k dispozici několik schválených léčiv modifikujících průběh choroby, efektivní lék pro SP-RS na trhu dlouho chyběl. Siponimod, selektivní modulátor sfingosin-1-fosfátových receptorů, je prvním perorálním přípravkem schváleným k léčbě SP-RS, u kterého bylo v klinické studii fáze III prokázáno zpomalení klinicky potvrzené progrese. Magnetická rezonance (MRI) má zásadní význam jak pro diagnostiku RS, tak i pro monitoraci průběhu nemoci. Data z probíhající otevřené extenze registrační studie potvrzují pozitivní efekt siponimodu na parametry MRI a zdůrazňují důležitost časného zahájení specifické terapie.
Secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SP-MS) is the second most common form of MS worldwide. While there are various disease-modifying drugs indicated for relapsing-remitting MS, effective treatment for SP-MS was lacking. Siponimod, a selective modulator of sfingosin-1-phosphate receptors, is the first oral drug to treat SP-MS, which showed a statistically significant decrease in confirmed disability progression in a phase III clinical trial. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a major role in establishing the diagnosis of MS along with being the most important tool for monitoring the course of the disease. Data from the ongoing open-label extension part of the pivotal trial confirms the beneficial effect of siponimod on MRI outcomes and highlights the importance of earlier specific treatment initiation.
- Klíčová slova
- siponimod,
- MeSH
- azetidiny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- benzylové sloučeniny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- modulátory receptorů sfingosin-1-fosfátu farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- siponimod,
- MeSH
- azetidiny aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- benzylové sloučeniny aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza * diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Roztroušená skleróza (RS) je chronické zánětlivé autoimunitní onemocnění centrálního nervového systému vedoucí bez léčby k závažné invaliditě mladých dospělých. Terapie zaznamenává v posledních letech výrazný pokrok. Sekundárně progresivní RS (SP-RS) představuje druhou nejčastější formu RS. Zatímco pro relabující-remitující formu RS (RR-RS) máme k dispozici neustále se rozšiřující paletu protizánětlivých léčiv, efektivní lék pro SP-RS dlouho chyběl. Siponimod je selektivní modulátor sfingosin-1-fosfátových (S1P) receptorů, který byl úspěšně testován jak u RR-RS, tak u sekundární progrese. Jde o první perorální lék schválený pro použití při sekundární progresi, u nějž bylo prokázáno, že zpomaluje klinicky potvrzenou progresi. Je to dáno jak jeho schopností procházet hematoencefalickou bariérou, tak vazbou na S1P receptory v mozku, a tedy schopností působit na neurodegenerativní procesy spojené s progresí invalidity u RS, nejen pouze na děje zánětlivé. Účinnost a bezpečnost siponimodu byly testovány ve studii EXPAND. Bezpečnost siponimodu se v zásadě neliší od dosud schválených přípravků této skupiny, modulátorů S1P receptorů. Kazuistika prezentuje případ pacienta léčeného siponimodem v reálné klinické praxi.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, leading to substantial disability in young adults if untreated. There has been tremendous progress in the treatment over recent years. Secondary-progressive MS (SP-MS) is the second most common form of MS. While many approved drugs are indicated for relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS), effective treatment for SP-MS was lacking. Siponimod is a selective modulator of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors successfully investigated in RR-MS and SP-MS. It is the first approved oral medication in the secondary progression that showed a statistically significant decrease in disability progression. It is administered for its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and bind the S1P receptors in the brain, and influence neurodegenerative processes, which are responsible for disability progression in multiple sclerosis. The efficacy and safety of siponimod were evaluated in the EXPAND trial. The safety of siponimod corresponds to the safety of other registered drugs in this class, the S1P receptor modulators. We present a case report of a patient treated with siponimod in real-life clinical practice.
- Klíčová slova
- siponimod,
- MeSH
- azetidiny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- benzylové sloučeniny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH