This investigation studied the effect of concentrated growth factor and nanofat on aging skin of nude mice induced by D-galactose. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: 5 mice in the control group were fed normally without any intervention, 9 mice were treated with concentrated growth factor (CGF), 9 mice were treated with nanofat (NF), 9 mice were treated with CGF+NF, and 9 mice in the model group (no treatment after subcutaneous injection of D-galactose). Relevant indicators are measured and recorded. In skin and serum, SOD and GSH content in the model group were significantly lower than those in other groups (P<0.05), and the MDA of the three treatment groups was significantly lower than that of the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of total collagen, type I collagen and type III collagen in the NF group and model group were decreased in different degrees (P<0.05); the contents of elastin and elastic fiber in the skin of nude mice in the model group and NF group were significantly decreased. Compared with the model group, he number of CD31 and VEGF in the treatment group was significantly increased (P<0.01); the skin AGE content of three treatment groups was significantly lower (P<0.05). These findings suggest that concentrated growth factor and nanofat may have a significant effect on delaying aging skin induced by D-galactose in nude mice.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD31 metabolismus   MeSH
• elastin metabolismus   MeSH
• galaktosa farmakologie   MeSH
• glutathion metabolismus   MeSH
• kolagen metabolismus   MeSH
• mezibuněčné signální peptidy a proteiny farmakologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši nahé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• stárnutí kůže účinky léků   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• tuková tkáň transplantace   MeSH
• vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Animal models are useful for investigating the genesis of pelvic floor dysfunction and for developing novel therapies for its treatment. There is a need for an alternative large-animal model to the nonhuman primate. Therefore we studied the effects of the first vaginal delivery, ovariectomy and systemic hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) on the biomechanical and structural properties of the ovine vagina. METHODS: We examined the gross anatomical properties of nulliparous, primiparous, ovariectomized multiparous, and ovariectomized hormone-replaced multiparous sheep (six animals per group). We also harvested mid-vaginal and distal vaginal tissue to determine smooth muscle contractility and passive biomechanical properties, for morphometric assessment of the vaginal wall layers, to determine collagen and elastin content, and for immunostaining for α-smooth muscle actin and estrogen receptor-α. RESULTS: There were no regional differences in the nulliparous vagina. One year after the first vaginal delivery, stiffness and contractility of the distal vagina were decreased, whereas the elastin content increased. The mid-vagina of ovariectomized sheep was stiff, and its epithelium was thin and lacked glycogen. HRT decreased the stiffness of the mid-vagina by 45% but had no measurable effect on contractility or elastin content, and increased epithelial thickness and glycogen content. HRT also increased the epithelial thickness and glycogen content of the distal vagina. At this location, there were no changes in morphology or stiffness. CONCLUSION: In sheep, life events including delivery and ovariectomy affect the biomechanical properties of the vagina in a region-specific way. Vaginal delivery mainly affects the distal region by decreasing stiffness and contractility. HRT can reverse the increase in stiffness of the mid-vagina observed after surgical induction of menopause. These observations are in line with scanty biomechanical measurements in comparable clinical specimens.

• MeSH
• aktiny metabolismus   MeSH
• alfa receptor estrogenů metabolismus   MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• elastin metabolismus   MeSH
• epitel metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• glykogen metabolismus   MeSH
• hladké svalstvo patofyziologie   MeSH
• hormonální substituční terapie MeSH
• kolagen metabolismus   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• onemocnění dna pánevního etiologie   MeSH
• ovarektomie škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• parita MeSH
• porod * MeSH
• svalová kontrakce MeSH
• vagina patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The porcine aorta is often used in studies on morphology, pathology, transplantation surgery, vascular and endovascular surgery, and biomechanics of the large arteries. Using quantitative histology and stereology, we estimated the area fraction of elastin, collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and desmin within the tunica media in 123 tissue samples collected from five segments (thoracic ascending aorta; aortic arch; thoracic descending aorta; suprarenal abdominal aorta; and infrarenal abdominal aorta) of porcine aortae from growing domestic pigs (n=25), ranging in age from 0 to 230 days. The descending thoracic aorta had the greatest elastin fraction, which decreased proximally toward the aortic arch as well as distally toward the abdominal aorta. Abdominal aortic segments had the highest fraction of actin, desmin, and vimentin positivity and all of these vascular smooth muscle markers were lower in the thoracic aortic segments. No quantitative differences were found when comparing the suprarenal abdominal segments with the infrarenal abdominal segments. The area fraction of actin within the media was comparable in all age groups and it was proportional to the postnatal growth. Thicker aortic segments had more elastin and collagen with fewer contractile cells. The collagen fraction decreased from ascending aorta and aortic arch toward the descending aorta. By revealing the variability of the quantitative composition of the porcine aorta, the results are suitable for planning experiments with the porcine aorta as a model, i.e. power test analyses and estimating the number of samples necessary to achieving a desirable level of precision. The complete primary morphometric data, in the form of continuous variables, are made publicly available for biomechanical modeling of site-dependent distensibility and compliance of the porcine aorta.

• MeSH
• aktiny metabolismus   MeSH
• aorta abdominalis růst a vývoj   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• aorta thoracica růst a vývoj   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• aorta růst a vývoj   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• desmin metabolismus   MeSH
• elastin metabolismus   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• kolagen metabolismus   MeSH
• novorozená zvířata MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• Sus scrofa MeSH
• svalová kontrakce fyziologie   MeSH
• svaly hladké cévní růst a vývoj   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• tunica media růst a vývoj   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• vimentin metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

One of the generally recognized factors contributing to the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF) is structural remodeling of the myocardium that affects both atrial cardiomyocytes as well as interstitium. The goal of this study was to characterize morphologically and functionally interstitium of atria in patients with AF or in sinus rhythm (SR) who were indicated to heart surgery. Patient population consisted of 46 subjects (19 with long-term persistent AF, and 27 in SR) undergoing coronary bypass or valve surgery. Peroperative bioptic samples of the left and the right atria were examined using immunohistochemistry to visualize and quantify collagen I, collagen III, elastin, desmin, smooth muscle actin, endothelium and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). The content of interstitial elastin, collagen I, and collagen III in atrial tissue was similar in AF and SR groups. However, the right atrium was more than twofold more abundant in elastin as compared with the left atrium and similar difference was found for collagen I and III. The right atrium showed also higher VEGF expression and lower microvascular density as compared to the left atrium. No significant changes in atrial extracellular matrix fiber content, microvascular density and angiogenic signaling, attributable to AF, were found in this cohort of patients with structural heart disease. This finding suggests that interstitial fibrosis and other morphological changes in atrial tissue are rather linked to structural heart disease than to AF per se. Significant regional differences in interstitial structure between right and left atrium is a novel observation that deserves further investigation.

• MeSH
• elastin genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• extracelulární matrix genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• fibrilace síní metabolismus   patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kolagen typ III genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• kolagen typu I genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• orgánová specificita MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdce - funkce síní MeSH
• srdeční frekvence * MeSH
• srdeční síně metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Among the suspected reasons for varicose vein formation are changes in the quantity and content of the elastin protein; however, comprehensive investigations about elastin assembly in varicose vein formation are yet lacking. In this study, we aimed to determine the changes in mRNA levels of elastin and some of its functionally related proteins, fibulin 5, LOXL-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in varicose vein formation. We analysed the mRNA levels of elastin, fibulin-5, LOXL1, MMP2 and MMP9 in samples of 35 healthy and 35 varicose great saphenous vein tissues. mRNA levels of these genes were determined by using real-time PCR and normalized with HPRT1. When we compared the patient and control groups, elastin mRNA levels were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (P = 0.047), although there were no significant differences in fibulin 5, LOXL1, MMP2 and MMP9 mRNA levels between the patient and control groups. We showed that up-regulation of MMP2 mRNA expression was significantly correlated with hyperlipidaemia (P = 0.029). The up-regulation of elastin expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of primary varicose veins. Additionally, the up-regulation of MMP2 expression was strongly correlated with hyperlipidaemia in varicose veins.

• MeSH
• elastin genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• extracelulární matrix - proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matrixová metaloproteinasa 2 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidoreduktasy aminokyselin genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• varixy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a serious disease due to its covert nature, relatively high prevalence and fatal prognosis in the case of rupture. To obtain new insights into AAA pathogenesis, we examined the relationships between histopathology, multiplex in vitro immunoassay data, diameter and symptomatology. METHODS: In a prospective, non-randomised study, we evaluated samples from 6 normal infrarenal aortae and 65 AAA patients (65 walls, 55 thrombi). The AAA patients were either asymptomatic (n = 44), symptomatic (n = 7) or with ruptured AAA (n = 14). The AAA diameter was classified as small (<5 cm, n = 18), medium (5-7 cm, n = 26) and large (>7 cm, n = 21). We quantified the histopathology of the AAA wall and the adjacent thrombus. We assessed the expression of proteins in the same samples. RESULTS: Asymptomatic AAAs had walls with more abundant inflammatory infiltrates, lower amounts of PAI-1, a higher number of tPA-positive elements, a tendency towards decreased collagen content, whereas the adjacent thrombi had a greater concentration of VCAM-1 and MMP-2 when compared with symptomatic AAAs. Compared with the aneurysmatic aorta, the normal aorta contained less collagen and more elastin, actin, desmin and PAI-1-positive elements; in addition, it was more vascular. Medium-sized AAAs were the most actin and vimentin rich, and large AAAs were the most vascular. CONCLUSION: Our results show that asymptomatic AAA walls often have more potentially deleterious histopathological alterations than symptomatic AAA walls. This result indicates that a progression from an asymptomatic AAA to rupture can be expected and screening patients who are at risk of rupture could be beneficial.

• MeSH
• aktiny metabolismus   MeSH
• aneurysma břišní aorty metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• aorta abdominalis metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• asymptomatické nemoci MeSH
• cévní buněčněadhezivní molekula-1 metabolismus   MeSH
• desmin metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elastin metabolismus   MeSH
• extracelulární matrix metabolismus   MeSH
• histocytochemie MeSH
• inhibitor aktivátoru plazminogenu 1 metabolismus   MeSH
• kolagen metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matrixová metaloproteinasa 2 metabolismus   MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• ruptura aorty metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• trombóza metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The main components responsible for the mechanical behavior of the arterial wall are collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the medial layer. We determined the structural and mechanical changes in porcine carotid arteries after administration of Triton® X-100, elastase, and collagenase using the inflation-deflation test. The arteries were intraluminarly pressurized from 0 to 200 mmHg, and the outer diameter of the artery was measured. The pressure-strain elastic modulus was determined based on the pressure/diameter ratio. The intima-media thickness, wall thickness, thickness of the tunica adventitia layer, and the area fractions of SMCs, elastin, and collagen within the arterial wall (A(A)(SMC/elastin/collagen, wall)) were measured using stereological methods. The relative changes in the relevant components of the treated samples were as follows: the decrease in A(A)(SMC, wall) after administration of Triton® X-100 was 11% ± 7%, the decrease in A(A)(elastin, wall) after administration of elastase was 40% ± 22%, and the decrease in A(A)(collagen, wall) after the application of collagenase was 51% ± 22%. The Triton® X-100 treatment led to a decrease in the SMC content that was associated with enlargement of the arterial wall (outer diameter) for pressures up to 120 mmHg, and with mechanical stiffening of the arterial wall at higher pressures. Elastase led to a decrease in the elastin content that was associated with enlargement of the arterial wall, but not with stiffening or softening. Collagenase led to a decrease in collagen content that was associated with a change in the stiffness of the arterial wall, although the exact contribution of mechanical loading and the duration of treatment (enlargement) could not be quantified.

• MeSH
• adventicie anatomie a histologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• arteriae carotides anatomie a histologie   účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• biomechanika fyziologie   MeSH
• elastin metabolismus   MeSH
• intimomediální šíře tepenné stěny MeSH
• kolagen metabolismus   MeSH
• kolagenasy metabolismus   MeSH
• modul pružnosti účinky léků   MeSH
• oktoxynol aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• Sus scrofa fyziologie   MeSH
• svaly hladké cévní účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• tlak MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• laser, chemický peeling, radiofrekvence, photoaging,
• MeSH
• chemická exfoliace trendy   MeSH
• dermatologie metody   trendy   MeSH
• elastin metabolismus   MeSH
• epidermis metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• estrogeny metabolismus   MeSH
• fototerapie metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• kolagen metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• kosmetické techniky přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• laserová terapie přístrojové vybavení   trendy   MeSH
• lasery využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obličej MeSH
• omlazení fyziologie   MeSH
• škára metabolismus   patologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• stárnutí kůže fyziologie   patologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Reports describing production of reactive oxygen species in neonatal heart are missing. As lysyl oxidase is potentially important source of H(2)O(2), we studied its role during ontogenic development of rat heart. H(2)O(2) was detected in thin sections of developing rat heart by fluorescence microscopy with the use of fluorescence probe 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescin. The experimental design comprised foetuses 21 days after conception, and then the animals sampled on the 1st, 4th, 7th, 10th, 15th, 30th and 60th day after birth. We also used 7-month-old animals as an example of ageing effects. Since the day 4 on, H(2)O(2) was produced only extracellularly up to the day 15, between days 30 and 60 intracellular production was detected as well, and in 7-month-old animals only extracellular production was observed. The specific inhibitors of lysyl oxidase almost completely quenched the H(2)O(2)-dependent fluorescence. Starting from day 7, blue autofluorescence specific to oxidized proteins developed in the vessel wall. Intracellular blue autofluorescence specific to autoxidation products developed after day 30. Chloroform extraction diminished the intracellular blue fluorescence, leaving the extracellular fluorescence intact. This confirmed the protein nature of the fluorophores. Lysyl oxidase is significant source of H(2)O(2) in the heart vessel wall during development and H(2)O(2) oxidatively modifies elastin producing protein blue autofluorescence.

• MeSH
• chloroform MeSH
• elastin metabolismus   MeSH
• fluoresceiny metabolismus   MeSH
• fluorescence MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lysyloxidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• myokard enzymologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxaziny metabolismus   MeSH
• peroxid vodíku metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• srdce růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Impaired diabetic wound healing is an important current medical issue, mainly concerning patients recovering from complicated operations or patients with ulcers on their feet. The obese Zucker diabetic fatty rat, with a mutation in leptin receptors, may be a good choice for studying impaired wound healing. Male and female rats were fed a diabetogenic high-fat diet. Wound size changes of air-exposed excisional 2 cm circular wounds were measured until Day 10. Wound tissue was analyzed morphologically, histologically, and immunohistochemically. The hydroxyproline content in the granulation tissue (GT) was determined. mRNA expression was assayed by DNA-array analysis and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Wound-size changes were retarded in diabetic rats and differed between the sexes. Diabetic wounds were characterized by impaired contraction, abundant crust production, increased inflammation, and pus formation. On Day 10, the GT contained a significantly increased amount of intercalated fat tissue and showed an irregular arrangement of GT and collagen fibers. Interestingly, the length of new epithelium was increased in diabetic wounds. The concentration of hydroxyproline in the GT of diabetic animals was significantly decreased to about one half when compared with the nondiabetic controls. The expression of interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase, stromelysin-1, and collagenase-3 was increased in the GT of diabetic rats on Day 10, while the expression of type I collagen and elastin was decreased. Taken together, Zucker diabetic fatty rats exhibited impairments in wound-size reduction, inflammatory response, tissue organization, and connective tissue turnover and are thus proposed as a new model for studying impaired repair.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu patofyziologie   MeSH
• elastin metabolismus   MeSH
• granulační tkáň metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• hnisání patologie   MeSH
• hojení ran fyziologie   MeSH
• hydroxyprolin metabolismus   MeSH
• interleukin-6 metabolismus   MeSH
• kolagen typu I metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• kůže zranění   patologie   MeSH
• matrixová metaloproteinasa 13 metabolismus   MeSH
• matrixová metaloproteinasa 3 metabolismus   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• obezita patofyziologie   MeSH
• peroxidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Zucker MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• zánět patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH