Ibuprofen is one of the most widely used pharmaceuticals, and due to its inefficient removal by conventional wastewater treatment, it can be found in natural surface waters at high concentrations. Recently, we demonstrated that the TpBD-(CF3)2 covalent organic framework (COF) can adsorb ibuprofen from ultrapure water with high efficiency. Here, we investigate the performance of the COF for the extraction of ibuprofen from natural water samples from a lake, river, and estuary. In general, the complexity of the natural water matrix induced a reduction in the adsorption efficiency of ibuprofen as compared to ultrapure water. The best performance, with over 70% adsorption efficiency, was found in lake water, the sample which featured the lowest pH. According to the theoretical calculations, ibuprofen more favorably interacts with the COF pores in the protonated form, which could partially account for the enhanced adsorption efficiency found in lake water. In addition, we explored the effect of the presence of competing pharmaceuticals, namely, acetaminophen and phenobarbital, on the ibuprofen adsorption as binary mixtures. Acetaminophen and phenobarbital were adsorbed by TpBD-(CF3)2 with low efficiency and their presence led to an increase in ibuprofen adsorption in the binary mixtures. Overall, this study demonstrates that TpBD-(CF3)2 is an efficient adsorbent for the extraction of ibuprofen from natural waters as well.
Prezentován je případ smrtící otravy etizolamem, phenobarbitalem, promethazinem a chlorpromazinem. Kvantitativní toxikologická analýza prokázala, že koncentrace v krvi odebrané ze stehenní žíly dosahovala u etizolamu 86 ng/ml, phenobarbitalu 5,082 µg/ml, promethazinu 0,107 µg/ml a chlorpromazinu 0,144 µg/ml, přičemž velké množství léků bylo také zjištěno v obsahu žaludku. Uzavřeli jsme, že příčina smrti byla v souvislosti se vzájemným působením četných psychotropních léků.
A fatal poisoning case involving etizolam, phenobarbital, promethazine and chlorpromazine is presented. Quantitative toxicological analysis showed that the concentrations of etizolam, phenobarbital, promethazine and chlorpromazine in the femoral blood were 86 ng/ml, 5,082 µg/ml, 0,107 µg/ml and 0,144 µg/ml, respectively, and large amounts of drugs were also detected in the stomach contents. We conclude that the cause of death was due to the interaction of multiple psychotropic drugs.
- Klíčová slova
- etizolam, phenobarbital,
- MeSH
- chlorpromazin analogy a deriváty izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- diazepam analogy a deriváty izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duševní poruchy farmakoterapie MeSH
- fenobarbital analogy a deriváty izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- lékové interakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- otrava MeSH
- pitva MeSH
- promethazin analogy a deriváty izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- soudní toxikologie MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
