The removal of algal organic matter (AOM) is a growing concern for the water treatment industry worldwide. The current study investigates coagulation of non-proteinaceous AOM (AOM after protein separation), which has been minimally explored compared with proteinaceous fractions. Jar tests with either aluminum sulphate (alum) or polyaluminium chloride (PACl) were performed at doses of 0.2-3.0 mg Al per 1 mg of dissolved organic carbon in the pH range 3.0-10.5. Additionally, non-proteinaceous matter was characterized in terms of charge, molecular weight and carbohydrate content to assess the treatability of its different fractions. Results showed that only up to 25% of non-proteinaceous AOM can be removed by coagulation under optimized conditions. The optimal coagulation pH (6.6-8.0 for alum and 7.5-9.0 for PACl) and low surface charge of the removed fraction indicated that the prevailing coagulation mechanism was adsorption of non-proteinaceous matter onto aluminum hydroxide precipitates. The lowest residual Al concentrations were achieved in very narrow pH ranges, especially in the case of PACl. High-molecular weight saccharide-like organics were amenable to coagulation compared to low-molecular weight (<3 kDa) substances. Their high content in non-proteinaceous matter (about 67%) was the reason for its low removal. Comparison with our previous studies implies that proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous matter is coagulated under different conditions due to the employment of diverse coagulation mechanisms. The study suggests that further research should focus on the removal of low-molecular weight AOM, reluctant to coagulate, with other treatment processes to minimize its detrimental effect on water safety.
Protein phosphorylation was repeatedly shown to be the most dynamic post-translational modification mediated by a huge orchestra of protein kinases and phosphatases. Upon landing on a stigma, pollen grain dehydration and activation are accompanied by changes in protein phosphorylation together with the translation activation of stored mRNAs. To enable studies of the total phosphoproteome, it is usually necessary to apply various enrichment techniques. In this chapter, one of these protocols that worked previously well on tobacco mature pollen is presented in more detail. The method comprises of three basic steps: (1) picking flowers from the flowering tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun), and collection of the shed pollen grains; (2) extraction of total proteins by TCA/acetone; (3) phosphoprotein enrichment by MOAC with aluminum hydroxide matrix. Taken together this protocol describes how to isolate phosphoproteins out of tobacco mature pollen.
- MeSH
- chromatografie afinitní MeSH
- fosfoproteiny chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- hydroxid hlinitý chemie MeSH
- posttranslační úpravy proteinů MeSH
- pyl metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- tabák metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Clinically-approved anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) is now extensively studied for various cancer diagnoses. We focused on the treatment efficacy of topical administration of hydroxy-aluminum phthalocyanine (AlOH-PC) entrapped in liposomes against in vivo models of prostate carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LNCaP and PC3 cells were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of athymic nude mice. Mice with grown tumours were used for in vivo efficacy studies. Firstly, we applied different doses of AlOH-PC to less aggressive LNCaP tumours to determine the effective dose. In later studies, we focused on more aggressive prostate tumours (PC3) using doses of liposomal-AlOH-PC gel formulation. Topical application of photosensitizers was followed by PDT irradiation (600-700 nm, 635 nm peak). Tumour growth was measured three times-a-week. RESULTS: Comparison of PDT of aggressive PC3 and less aggressive LNCaP prostate carcinomas showed that both tumour types are sensitive and treatable by liposomal formulation of AlOH-PC. For LNCaP tumours the efficient dose (100% experimental animals cured, n=8/8) was 4.5 mg/ml of AlOH-PC in the gel. Whereas, in the case of PC3 carcinomas, a dose of 4 mg/ml significantly postponed tumour growth, but no animals were cured (n=0/8); a sufficient curative dose (100% mice cured, n=8/8) was 6 mg/ml of AlOH-PC in the gel. CONCLUSION: Liposomal AlOH-PC gel has potential for effective PDT of prostate carcinomas.
- MeSH
- aplikace lokální MeSH
- fotochemoterapie * MeSH
- fotosenzibilizující látky aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- hydroxid hlinitý chemie MeSH
- indoly chemie farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- liposomy * MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- myši nahé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buňky kultivované MeSH
- nádory prostaty farmakoterapie MeSH
- organokovové sloučeniny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The paper reviews preparation of pharmaceutically active substances intercalated in layered double hydroxides (LDH). A number of such reports have been published mainly in the last decade. The intercalation of various pharmaceuticals, e.g. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihypertensives, antibiotics, or anticancer drugs in LDH hosts is described. The hybrid materials containing bioactive compounds such as amino acids, vitamins, enzymes, or DNA fragments intercalated in LDH are also mentioned. The active substances are intercalated mostly as water-soluble carboxylate salts. The host LDH particles are nontoxic and biocompatible, and the intercalated substances are more stable to chemical, thermal and light degradation. Intercalated LDH are prospective drug carriers and drug delivery systems with controlled release of active substances.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny farmakologie chemie MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie chemie MeSH
- enzymy farmakologie chemie MeSH
- farmaceutický průmysl metody trendy MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fragmentace DNA účinky léků MeSH
- hydroxid hlinitý farmakologie chemie MeSH
- hydroxid hořečnatý farmakologie chemie MeSH
- hydroxidy farmakologie chemie MeSH
- indikátory a reagencie chemie MeSH
- léčivé přípravky chemie MeSH
- lékové formy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methotrexát farmakologie chemie MeSH
- nosiče léků farmakologie chemie MeSH
- oligopeptidy farmakologie chemie MeSH
- poruchy fotosenzitivity farmakoterapie MeSH
- soli farmakologie chemie MeSH
- vitaminy farmakologie chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
