- MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci mikrobiologie MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba MeSH
- infekce * etiologie imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- transplantace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- souhrny MeSH
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- diabetes mellitus imunologie patofyziologie MeSH
- farmakologické jevy MeSH
- imunologická tolerance účinky léků MeSH
- imunosupresiva farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- infekce * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie imunologie klasifikace patofyziologie MeSH
- komplikace diabetu * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie imunologie klasifikace patofyziologie MeSH
- lékové interakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- transplantace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * imunologie komplikace MeSH
- infekce * etiologie farmakoterapie imunologie komplikace krev MeSH
- krevní proteiny klasifikace MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfocyty klasifikace MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sérologické testy MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Secondary immunodeficiencies (SIDs) are acquired conditions that may occur as sequelae of immune therapy. In recent years a number of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) has been approved for multiple sclerosis and related disorders such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, some of which are frequently also used in- or off-label to treat conditions such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), myasthenia gravis, myositis, and encephalitis. In this review, we focus on currently available immune therapeutics in neurology to explore their specific modes of action that might contribute to SID, with particular emphasis on their potential to induce secondary antibody deficiency. Considering evidence from clinical trials as well as long-term observational studies related to the patients' immune status and risks of severe infections, we delineate long-term anti-CD20 therapy, with the greatest data availability for rituximab, as a major risk factor for the development of SID, particularly through secondary antibody deficiency. Alemtuzumab and cladribine have relevant effects on circulating B-cell counts; however, evidence for SID mediated by antibody deficiency appears limited and urgently warrants further systematic evaluation. To date, there has been no evidence suggesting that treatment with fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, or natalizumab leads to antibody deficiency. Risk factors predisposing to development of SID include duration of therapy, increasing age, and pre-existing low immunoglobulin (Ig) levels. Prevention strategies of SID comprise awareness of risk factors, individualized treatment protocols, and vaccination concepts. Immune supplementation employing Ig replacement therapy might reduce morbidity and mortality associated with SIDs in neurological conditions. In light of the broad range of existing and emerging therapies, the potential for SID warrants urgent consideration among neurologists and other healthcare professionals.
- MeSH
- alemtuzumab aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dimethyl fumarát aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- fingolimod hydrochlorid aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- imunoglobulin G krev imunologie MeSH
- imunologické faktory aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- imunosupresiva aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- imunoterapie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- infekce krev chemicky indukované imunologie MeSH
- koinfekce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- natalizumab aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- neurologie metody trendy MeSH
- rituximab aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
In poultry production conditions today, birds are surrounded by viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents. DCs are the main antigen-presenting cells located in tissues of the body, and their role involves recognizing antigen structures, engulfing and processing them, and subsequently presenting antigen peptides on their surface by major histocompatibility complex, where T cells and B cells are stimulated and can begin appropriate cellular and antibody immune response. This unique function indicates that these cells can be used in producing vaccines, but first it is necessary to culture DCs in vitro to identify the principles of their interactions with pathogens. The following review summarizes our current knowledge about avian dendritic cells and their interactions with pathogens. It provides a basis for future studies of these unique cells and their use in vaccine development.
- MeSH
- B-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- dendritické buňky imunologie MeSH
- drůbež imunologie MeSH
- humorální imunita MeSH
- infekce imunologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nemoci ptáků imunologie MeSH
- prezentace antigenu MeSH
- ptáci imunologie MeSH
- T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- vakcíny imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Wound healing and tissue regeneration is an intricate biological process that involves repair of cellular damage and maintenance of tissue integrity. Cascades involved in wound healing and tissue regeneration highly overlap with cancer causing pathways. Usually, subsequent tissue damage events include release of a number of cytokines to accomplish post-trauma restoration. IL-22 is one of the cytokines that are immediately produced to initiate immune response against several tissue impairments. IL-22 is a fundamental mediator in inflammation, mucous production, protective role against pathogens, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. However, accumulating evidence suggests pivotal role of IL-22 in instigation of various cancers due to its pro-inflammatory and tissue repairing activity. In this review, we summarize how healing effects of IL-22, when executed in an uncontrollable fashion can lead to carcinogenesis.
- MeSH
- hlen metabolismus MeSH
- hojení ran fyziologie MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití MeSH
- infekce imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- interleukiny škodlivé účinky antagonisté a inhibitory nedostatek fyziologie MeSH
- karcinogeneze MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádory etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- neutralizující protilátky terapeutické užití MeSH
- přirozená imunita fyziologie MeSH
- psoriáza farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- receptory interleukinů fyziologie MeSH
- regenerace fyziologie MeSH
- revmatoidní artritida farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- T-lymfocyty - podskupiny imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- zánět patofyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are best known for their ability to regulate cell survival and death processes. However, in addition to cell death, IAPs also act as innate immune sensors and modulate multiple pathways, such as autophagy and cell division. Many of these IAP functions are non-redundant even though they are based on the same molecular mechanism of action. These distinct functions of IAPs derive from their capacity to target specific substrates for ubiquitination and/or proteolytic cleavage. The unique functions of IAPs also derives from their unique cellular localizations, cell type and tissue-specific expression patterns. The diverse roles of IAPs are reflected by the fact that in humans the IAP family comprises eight distinct members. Genetic evidence from human pathologies also attests to the non-redundant functions of the IAPs since very diverse diseases arise upon aberrant IAP expression. In this review, we give an overview of the known mechanisms of action of the various IAPs, and focus on their specific roles in mediating innate immunity. We also look at the distinct phenotypes related to the dysregulation of the IAPs, and the human pathologies associated with each human IAP.
- MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci imunologie patologie MeSH
- buněčná smrt MeSH
- infekce imunologie patologie MeSH
- inflamasomy imunologie MeSH
- inhibitory apoptózy genetika imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- viabilita buněk * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
