- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- intestinální absorpce fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrocytární anemie etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu B12 farmakoterapie MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vitamin B 12 * fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- kongresy MeSH
- zprávy MeSH
Matrix-Liposomes (MLs) are a very promising solid oral drug delivery system; however, data on their interaction with biological membranes are not available. Here, we describe the quality of MLs manufactured by dual centrifugation. MLs were prepared with a Z-average range of 139 to 160 nm and a PDI of 0.18 to 0.25. To investigate the effect of MLs on intestinal tissue (with and without mucolytic treatment), we then established an ex vivo rat intestine model. The integrity of the epithelial membranes of rat intestine was not affected by the incubation with MLs without or with pre-mucolytic treatment. Tissue samples were also analysed for changes in P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and function. The net secretion of the P-gp substrate Rh123 across the rat duodenum was increased in the presence of MLs. To summarize, MLs do not affect intestinal epithelial integrity, although they impact Rh123 secretion. In future, these novel MLs have to be further evaluated for proficient intestinal drug delivery.
- MeSH
- biologické přípravky chemie MeSH
- biologický transport fyziologie MeSH
- duodenum metabolismus MeSH
- intestinální absorpce fyziologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- liposomy chemie MeSH
- P-glykoprotein metabolismus MeSH
- střevní sliznice metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Rilpivirine (TMC278) is a highly potent nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) representing an effective component of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in the treatment of HIV-positive patients. Many antiretroviral drugs commonly used in cART are substrates of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and/or solute carrier (SLC) drug transporters and, therefore, are prone to pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The aim of our study was to evaluate rilpivirine interactions with abacavir and lamivudine on selected ABC and SLC transporters in vitro and assess its importance for pharmacokinetics in vivo Using accumulation assays in MDCK cells overexpressing selected ABC or SLC drug transporters, we revealed rilpivirine as a potent inhibitor of MDR1 and BCRP, but not MRP2, OCT1, OCT2, or MATE1. Subsequent transport experiments across monolayers of MDCKII-MDR1, MDCKII-BCRP, and Caco-2 cells demonstrated that rilpivirine inhibits MDR1- and BCRP-mediated efflux of abacavir and increases its transmembrane transport. In vivo experiments in male Wistar rats confirmed inhibition of MDR1/BCRP in the small intestine, leading to a significant increase in oral bioavailability of abacavir. In conclusion, rilpivirine inhibits MDR1 and BCRP transporters and may affect pharmacokinetic behavior of concomitantly administered substrates of these transporters, such as abacavir.
- MeSH
- ABC transportér z rodiny G, člen 2 metabolismus MeSH
- biologický transport fyziologie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- buňky MDCK MeSH
- Caco-2 buňky MeSH
- dideoxynukleosidy metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- inhibitory reverzní transkriptasy metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- intestinální absorpce fyziologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lamivudin metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- lékové interakce fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránové transportní proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- P-glykoprotein metabolismus MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- psi MeSH
- rilpivirin metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
x
x
- MeSH
- celiakie diagnóza dietoterapie klasifikace MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- disacharidasy nedostatek MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty diagnóza MeSH
- intestinální absorpce fyziologie MeSH
- laktasa nedostatek MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malabsorpční syndromy * diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- metabolismus sacharidů fyziologie MeSH
- nesnášenlivost laktózy diagnóza dietoterapie MeSH
- podvýživa etiologie MeSH
- proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- syndrom krátkého střeva diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- syndrom slepé kličky diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- tenké střevo fyziologie patofyziologie MeSH
- trávení fyziologie MeSH
- tropická sprue diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- tuky metabolismus MeSH
- Whippleova nemoc diagnóza terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- bezlepková dieta MeSH
- celiakie * diagnóza dietoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- endoskopie MeSH
- gliadin imunologie MeSH
- intestinální absorpce fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malabsorpční syndromy * etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- protilátky imunologie MeSH
- sérologické testy MeSH
- tenké střevo fyziologie MeSH
- transglutaminasy imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience * patofyziologie MeSH
- intestinální absorpce * fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránové glykoproteiny fyziologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu B12 patofyziologie MeSH
- protein 2 související s LDL-receptory fyziologie MeSH
- proximální tubuly ledvin fyziologie MeSH
- receptory buněčného povrchu * fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- komentáře MeSH
Souhrnný článek diskutuje současné znalosti o účinku kojenecké výživy suplementované prebiotiky a ovlivnění zdravotního stavu s důrazem na randomizované kontrolované klinické studie.
This manuscript focuses on the known health benefits and the potential uses of prebiotics in infant feeding featuring well-designed and carefully conducted randomised controlled trials
- Klíčová slova
- kojenecká výživa, bakteriální kolonizace,
- MeSH
- feces chemie MeSH
- fyziologie výživy kojenců MeSH
- intestinální absorpce fyziologie imunologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kojení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mateřské mléko fyziologie metabolismus MeSH
- náhražky mateřského mléka farmakologie chemie metabolismus MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- oligosacharidy farmakologie metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- prebiotika klasifikace MeSH
- střeva imunologie mikrobiologie účinky léků MeSH
- střevní sliznice imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Hypocholesterolemia has been investigated as a typical feature of critical illness and is connected with poor prognosis. Crohn's disease is an inflammatory process and is associated with several metabolic disturbances. In recent decades clinical studies have established a link between lipid metabolism and systemic inflammation. In our study we examined the serum profile of cholesterol (total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol) and changes in the cholesterol absorption/synthesis process by determination of plasma non-cholesterol sterol (squalene, lathosterol, campesterol, sitosterol) concentrations. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol and non-cholesterol sterols were evaluated in 24 patients with active Crohn's disease during a period of 28 days. We detected lower serum levels of total cholesterol (P < 0.001), LDL- and HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05) in the patients with active Crohn's disease than in the control group. In addition, the patients had significantly lower plasma levels of lathosterol (P < 0.001) and higher concentrations of squalene, although without significant differences. A significant decrease of campesterol plasma levels (P < 0.001) was detected, but lower plasma concentrations of sitosterol were without statistical significance. The active phase of Crohn's disease is characterized by altered metabolism of lipids, mainly of cholesterol. Our results show abnormalities in plasma concentrations of non-cholesterol sterols and provide evidence that the process of cholesterol synthesis and absorption is altered in active Crohn's disease.
- MeSH
- cholesterol krev MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- HDL-cholesterol krev MeSH
- intestinální absorpce fyziologie MeSH
- LDL-cholesterol krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- protein-energetická malnutrice krev MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- steroly krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether Microdispersed Oxidized Cellulose (MDOC) possesses a hypolipidemic effect in apolipoprotein-E/low-density lipoprotein receptor double-knockout (ApoE/LDLR-deficient) mice and the possible mechanism of this effect in mice. METHODS: Female ApoE/LDLR-deficient mice subdivided into two groups were fed with a Western-type diet for 8 wk, and the experimental group was supplemented with 5% MDOC for 8 wk. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed an atherogenic diet containing 5% MDOC or pectin for the determination of a possible hypolipidemic mechanism of MDOC action. RESULTS: Biochemical analysis showed that 5% MDOC treatment significantly decreased total cholesterol by 20% (P = 0.0338) and very-LDL cholesterol by 21% (P = 0.0110) and significantly increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 62% (P = 0.0172) when compared with non-treated ApoE/LDLR-deficient mice. The results Association of Official Analytical Chemists method 991.43 revealed that MDOC contains 59.78 +/- 5.0% of fiber. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that administration of MDOC did not affect cholesterol absorption in the small intestine. Using C57BL/6J mice, MDOC and pectin treatments decreased cholesterol content in liver and increased fermentation in the gut in vivo. In vitro experiments confirmed that MDOC is fermentable under conditions mimicking those in the large intestine. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated hypolipidemic effects of MDOC in ApoE/LDLR-deficient mice. Moreover, we propose that MDOC is a hypolipidemic soluble fiber acting probably by increased fermentation and production of short-chain fatty acids in the large intestine in mice. We propose that MDOC might be a possible source of soluble fiber for use in dietary supplements.
- MeSH
- apolipoproteiny E genetika nedostatek MeSH
- celulosa oxidovaná farmakologie MeSH
- cholesterol krev MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- HDL-cholesterol krev MeSH
- hypolipidemika farmakologie MeSH
- intestinální absorpce fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- kyseliny mastné těkavé analýza MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši MeSH
- náhodné rozdělení MeSH
- potravní vláknina aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- receptory LDL genetika nedostatek MeSH
- tlusté střevo metabolismus MeSH
- VLDL-cholesterol krev MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
