INTRODUCTION/AIMS: Prospective, randomized, controlled trials of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) maintenance therapy in myasthenia gravis (MG) are lacking. In this trial, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of caprylate/chromatography-purified IVIG; (IGIV-C) in patients with generalized MG undergoing standard care. METHODS: Sixty-two patients enrolled in this phase 2, multicenter, international, randomized trial (1:1 IGIV-C [2 g/kg loading dose; 1 g/kg every 3 weeks through week 21] or placebo). Efficacy was assessed by changes in Quantitative MG (QMG) score at week 24 versus baseline (primary endpoint) and percentage of patients with clinical improvement in QMG, MG Composite (MGC), and MG-Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) scores (secondary endpoints). Safety assessments reported all adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: The change in QMG at 24 weeks was -5.1 for IGIV-C and -3.1 for placebo (p = .187). Seventy percent of patients in the IGIV-C group had improvement in MG-ADL (≥2-point decrease) versus 40.6% in the placebo group (p = .025). Patients showing clinical improvement in QMG and MGC (≥3-point decrease) were 70.0% for IGIV-C versus 59.4% for placebo (p = .442) and 60.0% for IGIV-C versus 53.1% for placebo (p = .610). IGIV-C was well tolerated; serious AEs were similar between arms. Three of four MG exacerbations requiring hospitalizations occurred in the IGIV-C arm with one death. DISCUSSION: Several efficacy parameters showed numerical results greater than those seen in the placebo group. This was a small study and may have been underpowered to see significant differences. Additional studies may be warranted to fully determine the efficacy of IVIG maintenance therapy in MG.
- MeSH
- autoprotilátky krev MeSH
- činnosti denního života MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- imunologické faktory terapeutické užití škodlivé účinky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny * terapeutické užití škodlivé účinky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myasthenia gravis * farmakoterapie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- receptory cholinergní * imunologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a peripheral nerve disorder characterised by weakness and sensory loss. We assessed the neonatal Fc receptor inhibitor rozanolixizumab for CIDP management. METHODS: CIDP01 (NCT03861481) was a randomised, subject-blind, investigator-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a study. Adults with definite or probable CIDP receiving subcutaneous or intravenous immunoglobulin maintenance therapy were randomised 1:1 to 12 once-weekly subcutaneous infusions of rozanolixizumab 10 mg/kg or placebo, stratified according to previous immunoglobulin administration route. Investigators administering treatment and assessing efficacy, and patients, were blinded. The primary outcome was a change from baseline (CFB) to day 85 in inflammatory Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale (iRODS) score. Eligible patients who completed CIDP01 entered the open-label extension CIDP04 (NCT04051944). RESULTS: In CIDP01, between 26 March 2019 and 31 March 2021, 34 patients were randomised to rozanolixizumab or placebo (17 (50%) each). No significant difference in CFB to day 85 in iRODS centile score was observed between rozanolixizumab (least squares mean 2.0 (SE 3.2)) and placebo (3.4 (2.6); difference -1.5 (90% CI -7.5 to 4.5)). Overall, 14 (82%) patients receiving rozanolixizumab and 13 (76%) receiving placebo experienced a treatment-emergent adverse event during the treatment period. Across CIDP01 and CIDP04, rozanolixizumab was well tolerated over up to 614 days; no clinically meaningful efficacy results were seen. No deaths occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Rozanolixizumab did not show efficacy in patients with CIDP in this study, although this could be due to a relatively high placebo stability rate. Rozanolixizumab was well tolerated over medium-to-long-term weekly use, with an acceptable safety profile.
- MeSH
- chronická zánětlivá demyelinizační polyneuropatie * farmakoterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky * terapeutické užití škodlivé účinky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny terapeutické užití škodlivé účinky MeSH
- jednoduchá slepá metoda MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an inflammatory disease affecting the peripheral nerves and the most frequent autoimmune polyneuropathy. Given the lack of established biomarkers or risk factors for the development of CIDP and patients' treatment response, this research effort seeks to identify potential clinical factors that may influence disease progression and overall treatment efficacy. METHODS: In this multicenter, retrospective analysis, we have screened 197 CIDP patients who presented to the University Hospitals in Düsseldorf, Berlin, Cologne, Essen, Magdeburg and Munich between 2018 and 2022. We utilized the respective hospital information system and examined baseline data with clinical examination, medical letters, laboratory results, antibody status, nerve conduction studies, imaging and biopsy findings. Aside from clinical baseline data, we analyzed treatment outcomes using the Standard of Care (SOC) definition, as well as a comparison of an early (within the first 12 months after manifestation) versus late (more than 12 months after manifestation) onset of therapy. RESULTS: In terms of treatment, most patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (56%) or prednisolone (39%) as their first therapy. Patients who started their initial treatment later experienced a worsening disease course, as reflected by a significant deterioration in their Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) leg disability score. SOC-refractory patients had worse clinical outcomes than SOC-responders. Associated factors for SOC-refractory status included the presence of fatigue as a symptom and alcohol dependence. CONCLUSION: Timely diagnosis, prompt initiation of treatment and careful monitoring of treatment response are essential for the prevention of long-term disability in CIDP and suggest a "hit hard and early" treatment paradigm.
- MeSH
- chronická zánětlivá demyelinizační polyneuropatie * diagnóza terapie farmakoterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prednisolon terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
Termín „monoklonální gamapatie klinického významu“ (Monoclonal Gammopathy of Clinical Significance – MGCS) je zastřešující termín pro velké spektrum poruch s poškozením orgánů monoklonálními imunoglobuliny (M-Ig) či volnými lehkými řetězci (free light chain – FLC), produkovanými typicky nemaligním klonem lymfatických či plazmatických buněk. Etiopatogeneze poškození organismu je velmi pestrá, patří sem depozice M-Ig či FLC, poškození biologickou aktivitou M-Ig, asociace tvorby M-Ig s nadměrnou produkcí angiogenních a proinflamatorních cytokinů a někdy zůstává etiopatogeneze neobjasněná. Vymizení poruchy po potlačení tvorby M-Ig či FLC potvrzuje souvislost poškození s gamapatií. Některé formy MGCS poškozují dominantně jeden orgán, periferní nervy, kůži, ledviny či oči, zatímco jiné mají systémové projevy. Vyšetření M-Ig a FLC u jednotlivých poruch spolu s tkáňovými biopsiemi vedou ke stanovení diagnózy. Léčba je podobná léčbě mnohočetného myelomu či Waldenströmovy makroglobulinemie, ale na rozdíl od těchto chorob není parciální remise dostačující, cílem je dosažení kompletní remise (CR) s totálním vymizením M-Ig a FLC. Jen CR je předpokladem signifikantního zlepšení a obnovení funkce orgánů a tkání. K léčbě se používá tzv. „clone-directed therapy“, vysoce účinná antiplazmocytární či antilymfocytární léčba obsahující monoklonální protilátky (anti-CD20 nebo anti-CD38), tedy kombinace s vysokou pravděpodobností dosažení úplného vymizení M-Ig a FLC. Další léčebnou možností jsou imunomodulační dávky intravenózních imunoglobulinů (2 g/kg) podávané v 28denních intervalech. Tato terapie brzdí progresi, neodstraňuje příčinu, proto musí být podávána dlouhodobě jako udržovací léčba.
Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS) is an umbrella term to describe a broad spectrum of disorders with remarkable organ dysfunctions related to the underlying non-malignant B or plasma cell clone. Although the clone itself is typically very small, it is associated with diverse clinical manifestations through different mechanisms, such as monoclonal protein deposition, the biological activity of the monoclonal immunoglobulin, or angiogenic/inflammatory cytokine hyper-secretion, or the ethiopathogensis is still unknown. Some predominantly involve a single organ, commonly peripheral nerves, kidney, skin and eye, while others are systemic diseases with syndromic presentations. Recognizing the clinical features with appropriate workups, analysis of monoclonal immunoglobulin in serum and urine and free light chain analysis in serum with particular tissue biopsies, are the key to making a timely diagnosis, especially when the kidney or skin is affected. Treatment strategy is similar to multiple myeloma or Waldenström macroglobulinemia, complete remission of gammopathy is prerequisite of significant improvement of clinical symptoms and reversal of organ dysfunctions. Therapy is based on clone-directed therapy, application of high effective antiplasmocytic or antilymphocytic therapy with monoclonal antibody (anti-CD20 or anti-CD38) with high probability of total disappearing of monoclonal immunoglobulin. Other therapeutic possibility is immunomodulation with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin 2g/kg administered in 28days interval as maintenance therapy.
INTRODUCTION: Human immunoglobulin (IG) administered intravenously (IVIG) or subcutaneously (SCIG) is used to prevent infections in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDDs) such as primary antibody immunodeficiencies. AREAS COVERED: This review provides an overview of PIDD with a focus on SCIG treatment, including the properties and clinical trial results of a new SCIG 16.5% (Cutaquig, Octapharma) in pediatric patients. We also discuss the various benefits of SCIG including stable serum immunoglobulin G levels, high tolerability with fewer systemic side effects, and the flexibility of self-administration. EXPERT OPINION: Individualized treatment for PIDD in children is necessary given the different factors that affect administration of SCIG. Variables such as the dose, dosing interval, administration sites, and ancillary equipment can be adjusted to impact the long-term satisfaction with SCIG administration in pediatric patients. The successful work that has been conducted by both professional and patient organizations to increase awareness of PIDD, especially in pediatric patients, is substantial and ongoing. The importance of early diagnosis and treatment in the pediatric patient population cannot be overstated. The safety, efficacy, and tolerability of SCIG 16.5% have been demonstrated in pediatric patients with PIDDs providing an additional therapeutic option in this vulnerable population.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- imunoglobulin G MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv * farmakoterapie MeSH
- subkutánní infuze metody MeSH
- syndromy imunologické nedostatečnosti * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * diagnóza patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- heparin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methylprednisolon aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- syndrom systémové zánětlivé reakce * etiologie farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dysfunction at the neuromuscular junction. Treatment frequently includes corticosteroids (CSs) and IV immunoglobulin (IVIG). This study was conducted to determine whether immune globulin (human), 10% caprylate/chromatography purified (IGIV-C) could facilitate CS dose reduction in CS-dependent patients with MG. METHODS: In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, CS-dependent patients with MG (Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Class II-Iva; AChR+) received a loading dose of 2 g/kg IGIV-C over 2 days (maximum 80 g/d) or placebo at week 0 (baseline). Maintenance doses (1 g/kg IGIV-C or placebo) were administered every 3 weeks through week 36. Tapering of CS was initiated at week 9 and continued through week 36 unless the patient worsened (quantitative MG score ≥4 points from baseline). CS doses were increased (based on the current CS dose) in patients who worsened. Patients were withdrawn if worsening failed to improve within 6 weeks or if a second CS increase was required. The primary efficacy end point (at week 39) was a ≥50% reduction in CS dose. Secondary and safety end points were assessed throughout the study and follow-up (weeks 42 and 45). The study results and full protocol are available at clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02473965. RESULTS: The primary end point (≥50% reduction in CS dose) showed no significant difference between the IGIV-C treatment (60.0% of patients) and placebo (63.3%). There were no significant differences for secondary end points. Safety data indicated that IGIV-C was well tolerated. DISCUSSION: In this study, IGIV-C was not more effective than placebo in reducing daily CS dose. These results suggest that the effects of IGIV-C and CS are not synergistic and may be mechanistically different. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: The trial was registered on clinicaltrialsregister.eu (EudraCT #: 2013-005099-17) and clinicaltrials.gov (identifier NCT02473965). CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that IVIG infusions in adult patients with MG do not increase the percentage of patients achieving a ≥50% reduction in corticosteroid dose compared with placebo.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin terapeutické užití MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny * terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myasthenia gravis * farmakoterapie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Revmatologie zažívá v posledních letech významný pokrok, který je důsledkem zdůrazňování časné diagnostiky a uplatňo- vání principů léčby k cíli, stejně jako nových imunopatogenetických poznatků a dostupnosti širokého spektra biologických a cílených syntetických léčivých přípravků. V tomto sdělení přinášíme nové poznatky z oblasti diagnostiky a léčby vybraných revmatických onemocnění, a to konkrétně revmatoidní artritidy, spondyloartritid, systémového lupus erythematodes, systémové sklerodermie, idiopatických zánětlivých myopatií, systémových vaskulitid, revmatické polymyalgie a obrov- skobuněčné arteriiitidy a také osteoartrózy. Toto sdělení si klade za cíl přinést souhrn nejnovějších poznatků a trendů v diagnostice a léčbě těchto revmatických onemocnění, které mají zásadní vliv na kvalitu života pacientů.
Rheumatology has experienced significant advances in recent years as a result of the emphasis on early diagnosis and the application of treat-to-target principles, as well as new immunopathogenetic findings and the availability of a wide range of biologic and targeted synthetic drugs. In this communication, we present new findings in the diagnosis and treatment of selected rheumatic diseases, specifically rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic scleroderma, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, systemic vasculitis, rheumatic polymyalgia and giant cell arteritis, and osteoarthritis. This communication aims to provide a summary of the latest findings and trends in the diagnosis and treatment of these rheumatic diseases, which have a major impact on the quality of life of patients.
- MeSH
- ANCA-asociované vaskulitidy diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- antirevmatika aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- axiální spondyloartritida diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- biologická terapie metody MeSH
- imunoterapie adoptivní metody MeSH
- inhibitory Janus kinas aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- methotrexát aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- myozitida diagnóza farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- obrovskobuněčná arteritida diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- osteoartróza diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- polymyalgia rheumatica diagnóza terapie MeSH
- psoriatická artritida diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- revmatické nemoci * diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- revmatoidní artritida diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- systémová sklerodermie diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- systémový lupus erythematodes diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
Standardized pharmacological response tests are important and established diagnostic tools in the field of neurology. However, regarding therapeutic responses to intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) in CIDP, neither a definition of therapeutic response has been established, nor a response test has been suggested so far. Here we suggest a practical clinical approach which is supported by current literature in the field. An established standardized IVIg response test could avoid prolonged therapy without benefit for the patient and ensure a timely therapy switch or treatment escalation if required. This approach would also be advantageous due to the global scarcity of plasma derivatives as a human resource and could be the foundation to be adjusted and improved by subsequent studies.
- MeSH
- chronická zánětlivá demyelinizační polyneuropatie * terapie MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny terapeutické užití MeSH
- intravenózní podání MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci * diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myozitida * diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- statiny škodlivé účinky MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH