Miscanthus x giganteus is suggested as a good candidate for phytostabilization of metal-polluted soils. Its late harvest in winter generates large amounts of leaf litter on the soil surface. However, little is known about the mobility and the bioavailability of metals following leaf decomposition and the consequences on the succeeding culture. Ex situ artificial aging for 1, 3, and 6 months was conducted with miscanthus leaf fragments incorporated into three agricultural soils displaying a gradient concentration in Cd (0.6, 3.1 and 7.9 mg kg-1), Pb (32.0, 194.6 and 468.6 mg kg-1), and Zn (48.4, 276.3 and 490.2 mg kg-1) to simulate the leaf litter input over 20 years of miscanthus culture. We investigated the impacts on physicochemical and biological soil parameters, CaCl2-extractable metal, and their subsequent ryegrass shoot concentrations, and hence on ryegrass health. The results showed that the amended soils possessed higher pH along with greater available phosphorous and soil organic carbon values. The respiratory activity and microbial biomass carbon in the amended soils increased mainly after 1 month of aging, and decreased afterwards. Despite the higher Pb- and Zn-CaCl2 extractability in the amended soils, the phytoavailability slightly increased only in the most contaminated soils. Moreover, leaf incorporation did not affect the ryegrass biomass, photosynthetic pigment contents, nor the antioxidative enzyme activities. Conclusively, leaf incorporation induced slight variations in soil physicochemical and biological parameters, as well as metal extractability, but not to an extent that might cause a considerable threat to the subsequent culture. Nevertheless, these results are preliminary data that require confirmation by long-term in-situ experimentations as they reflect the modelization of long-term impact of leaf decomposition on soil-plant system.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- jílek růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza metabolismus MeSH
- lipnicovité * růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- teoretické modely * MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This study aims to summarize results on potential phytomanagement of two metal(loid)-polluted military soils using Miscanthus x giganteus. Such an option was tested during 2-year pot experiments with soils taken from former military sites in Sliač, Slovakia and Kamenetz-Podilsky, Ukraine. The following elements were considered: As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sr, Ti, Zn and Zr. M. x giganteus showed good growth at both military soils with slightly higher maximum shoot lengths in the second year of vegetation. Based on Principal Component Analysis similarities of metal(loid) uptake by roots, stems and leaves were summarized. Major part of the elements remained in M. x giganteus roots and rather limited amounts moved to the aerial parts. Levels taken up decreased in the second vegetation year. Dynamics of foliar metal(loid) concentrations divided the elements in two groups: essential elements required for metabolism (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) and non-essential elements without any known metabolic need (As, Sr, Ti, and Zr). Fe, Mn, Ti and Sr showed similar S-shaped uptake curve in terms of foliar concentrations (likely due to dilution in growing biomass), while Cu exhibited a clear peak mid-season. Behavior of Zn was in between. Foliar Zr and As concentrations were below detection limit. The results illustrated a good potential of M. x giganteus for safely growing on metal-polluted soils taken from both military localities.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- biopaliva * MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- kovy analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza MeSH
- lipnicovité metabolismus MeSH
- půda MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
We assessed the relationship between the diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) technique using the new ion-exchange resin Ambersep GT74 and the uptake of mercury (Hg) by a model plant cultivated on metal-contaminated agricultural soils under greenhouse conditions. Based on the total Hg content, 0.37 to 1.17% of the Hg passed to the soil porewater from the solid phase, and 2.18 to 9.18% of the Hg is DGT-available. These results were confirmed by calculating the R value (the ratio of the concentrations of bioavailable Hg measured by DGT and soil solution), which illustrated the strong bonding of Hg to the solid phase of soil and its extremely low mobility. Only inorganic Hg2+ species were found in the metal-contaminated agricultural soils, as determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography-cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry speciation analysis. The Hg was distributed in Miscanthus × giganteus organs in the following order for all sampling sites: roots (55-82%) > leaves (8-27%) > stems (7-16%) > rhizomes (4-7%). Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:321-328. © 2018 SETAC.
- MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- biologický transport MeSH
- iontoměniče chemie MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza metabolismus MeSH
- lipnicovité metabolismus MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- rtuť analýza metabolismus MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The impact of plant growth regulators (PGRs) "Stimpo" and "Regoplant" on Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg) biomass parameters was investigated when the plant was grown in military soils with different properties from Dolyna, Ukraine and Hradcany, Czech Republic. The results showed that PGRs positively influenced the biomass parameters when the plant was grown in soil in Dolyna with good agricultural characteristics, the influence of "Regoplant" was higher and the best results were obtained with combined treatment: application to rhizomes before planting and spraying on the biomass during vegetation. Using of PGRs did not improve the biomass parameters when the plant was grown in poor soil in Hradcany. In parallel the peculiarities of the metals uptake process were studied for the following metals: chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr) and lead (Pb). The uptake behavior of the monitored elements differed based on the soil quality. According to the bioconcentration factor uptake of the abiogenic elements, Cr and Pb, was dominant in the plant roots in both soils, whereas Ni was not detected in any plant tissues. The behavior of biogenic elements (Mn, Cu, Zn) and their analogs (Sr) was different. Those elements were more intensively taken up in shoot tissues in low-nutrient sandy Hradcany soils, while they were mainly taken up in plant roots in fertile Dolyna soils. The unusual behavior of biogenic elements in the low-nutrient soils may be explained by the effect of stress. However, more research is needed focused mainly on soil properties and nutrient availability in order to confirm or disprove this hypothesis and to explore the cause of the stress. The summarized results here show that soil properties influenced Mxg biomass parameters, affected the uptake behavior of metals significantly and tested PGRs cannot be utilized universally in the production of Mxg in the poor military soils.
- MeSH
- bioakumulace MeSH
- biomasa * MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu metabolismus MeSH
- lipnicovité růst a vývoj metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- ozbrojené síly MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- těžké kovy metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Ukrajina MeSH
The response of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to selenium (Se), added as selenate, was studied. The development, stress response, uptake, translocation, and accumulation of Se were documented in three giant reed ecotypes STM (Hungary), BL (USA), and ESP (Spain), representing different climatic zones. Plantlets regenerated from sterile tissue cultures were grown under greenhouse conditions in sand supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg Se kg-1 added as sodium selenate. Total Se content was measured in different plant parts using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. All plants developed normally in the 0-5.0 mg Se kg-1 concentration range regardless of ecotype, but no growth occurred at 10.0 mg Se kg-1. There were no signs of chlorosis or necrosis, and the photosynthetic machinery was not affected as evidenced by no marked differences in the structure of thylakoid membranes. There was no change in the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm ratio) in the three ecotypes under Se stress, except for a significant negative effect in the ESP ecotype in the 5.0 mg Se kg-1 treatment. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity increased as the Se concentration increased in the growth medium. GPx activity was higher in the shoot system than the root system in all Se treatments. All ecotypes showed great capacity of take up, translocate and accumulate selenium in their stem and leaf. Relative Se accumulation is best described as leaf ˃˃ stem ˃ root. The ESP ecotype accumulated 1783 μg g-1 in leaf, followed by BL with 1769 μg g-1, and STM with 1606 μg g-1 in the 5.0 mg Se kg-1 treatment. All ecotypes showed high values of translocation and bioaccumulation factors, particularly the ESP ecotype (10.1 and 689, respectively, at the highest tolerated Se supplementation level). Based on these findings, Arundo donax has been identified as the first monocot hyperaccumulator of selenium, because Se concentration in the leaves of all three ecotypes, and also in the stem of the ESP ecotype, is higher than 0.1% (dry weight basis) under the conditions tested. Tolerance up to 5.0 mg Se kg-1 and the Se hyperaccumulation capacity make giant reed a promising tool for Se phytoremediation.
BACKGROUND: The wild relatives of crop species represent a potentially valuable source of novel genetic variation, particularly in the context of improving the crop's level of tolerance to abiotic stress. The mechanistic basis of these tolerances remains largely unexplored. Here, the focus was to characterize the transcriptomic response of the nodes (meristematic tissue) of couch grass (a relative of barley) to dehydration stress, and to compare it to that of the barley crown formed by both a drought tolerant and a drought sensitive barley cultivar. RESULTS: Many of the genes up-regulated in the nodes by the stress were homologs of genes known to be mediated by abscisic acid during the response to drought, or were linked to either development or lipid metabolism. Transporters also featured prominently, as did genes acting on root architecture. The resilience of the couch grass node arise from both their capacity to develop an altered, more effective root architecture, but also from their formation of a lipid barrier on their outer surface and their ability to modify both their lipid metabolism and transporter activity when challenged by dehydration stress. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis revealed the nature of dehydration stress response in couch grass. We suggested the tolerance is associated with lipid metabolism, the induction of transporters and the re-programming of development coordinated by ABA. We also proved the applicability of barley microarray for couch grass stress-response analysis.
- MeSH
- elektrolyty metabolismus MeSH
- fyziologický stres genetika MeSH
- kyselina abscisová metabolismus MeSH
- lipnicovité genetika metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- membránové transportní proteiny genetika MeSH
- metabolismus lipidů genetika MeSH
- období sucha * MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- voda metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In this study, the effects of seven pure plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) on rumen fermentation, methane (CH4 ) production and rumen bacterial community composition were determined. Two in vitro trials were conducted. In trial 1, nine concentrations of 8-hydroxyquinoline, α-terpineol, camphor, bornyl acetate, α-pinene, thymoquinone and thymol were incubated on separate days using in vitro 24-hr batch incubations. All compounds tested demonstrated the ability to alter rumen fermentation parameters and decrease CH4 production. However, effective concentrations differed among individual PSMs. The lowest concentrations that reduced (p < .05) CH4 production were as follows: 8 mg/L of 8-hydroxyquinoline, 120 mg/L of thymoquinone, 240 mg/L of thymol and 480 mg/L of α-terpineol, camphor, bornyl acetate and α-pinene. These concentrations were selected for use in trial 2. In trial 2, PSMs were incubated in one run. Methane was decreased (p < .05) by all PSMs at selected concentrations. However, only 8-hydroxyquinoline, bornyl acetate and thymoquinone decreased (p < .05) CH4 relative to volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, different PSMs changed the composition of bacterial communities to different extents. As revealed by Ion Torrent sequencing, the effects of PSMs on relative abundance were most pronounced in the predominant families, especially in Lachnospiraceae, Succinivibrionaceae, Prevotellaceae, unclassified Clostridiales and Ruminococcaceae. The CH4 production was correlated negatively (-.72; p < .05) with relative abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and positively with relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae (.86; p < .05). In summary, this study identified three pure PSMs (8hydroxyquinoline, bornyl acetate and thymoquinone) with potentially promising effects on rumen CH4 production. The PSMs tested in this study demonstrated considerable impact on rumen bacterial communities even at the lowest concentrations that decreased CH4 production. The findings from this study may help to elucidate how PSMs affect rumen bacterial fermentation.
- MeSH
- bachor metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- dieta veterinární MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- fermentace * MeSH
- fyziologie bakterií MeSH
- kyseliny mastné těkavé metabolismus MeSH
- lipnicovité metabolismus MeSH
- methan biosyntéza MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Fluxes of CO2 and isoprenoids were measured for the first time in Stipa tenacissima L (alfa grass), a perennial tussock grass dominant in the driest areas of Europe. In addition, we studied how those fluxes were influenced by environmental conditions, leaf ontogeny and UV radiation and compared emission rates in two contrasting seasons: summer when plants are mostly inactive and autumn, the growing season in this region. Leaf ontogeny significantly affected both photosynthesis and isoprenoids emission. Isoprene emission was positively correlated with photosynthesis, although a low isoprene emission was detected in brown leaves with a net carbon loss. Moreover, leaves with a significant lower photosynthesis emitted only monoterpenes, while at higher photosynthetic rates also isoprene was produced. Ambient UV radiation uncoupled photosynthesis and isoprene emission. It is speculated that alfa grass represent an exception from the general rules governing plant isoprenoid emitters.
- MeSH
- butadieny MeSH
- fotosyntéza fyziologie MeSH
- hemiterpeny MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- lipnicovité metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- monoterpeny MeSH
- oxid uhličitý MeSH
- pentany MeSH
- rostliny MeSH
- terpeny analýza MeSH
- uhlík MeSH
- ultrafialové záření * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Wetland plants are considered as suitable biofilters for the removal of metal(loid)s and other contaminants from waters and wastewaters, due to their ability to accumulate and retain the contaminants in their roots. The iron plaque (IP) on the root surface influences the metal(loid)s retention processes. The stimulation of the IP development on roots of Phragmites australis by the external supply of a novel synthetic nanomaterial (nanomaghemite, nFe2O3) and FeSO4 (alone or in combination) was studied. An hydroponic experiment was carried out to evaluate the iron plaque formation after external iron addition, as well as their influence on arsenic immobilization capacity. Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques were utilized to assess the distribution of Fe and As in the roots. The addition of Fe stimulated the generation of the IP, especially when FeSO4 was involved. The nanoparticles alone were not efficient with regard to IP formation or As adsorption, even though they adhered to the root surface and did not enter into epithelial root cells. The combination of FeSO4 and nFe2O3 was the most effective treatment for improving the As removal capacity, and it seems to be an effective way to enhance the rhizofiltration potential of P. australis in As contaminated (waste)waters.
- MeSH
- arsen metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu metabolismus MeSH
- hydroponie MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- lipnicovité metabolismus MeSH
- mokřady MeSH
- nanočástice MeSH
- železité sloučeniny metabolismus MeSH
- železnaté sloučeniny analýza MeSH
- železo metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Španělsko MeSH
High-grain feeding used in the animal production is known to affect the host rumen bacterial community, but our understanding of consequent changes in goats is limited. This study was therefore aimed to evaluate bacterial population dynamics during 20 days adaptation of 4 ruminally cannulated goats to the high-grain diet (grain: hay - ratio of 40:60). The dietary transition of goats from the forage to the high-grain-diet resulted in the significant decrease of rumen fluid pH, which was however still higher than value established for acute or subacute ruminal acidosis was not diagnosed in studied animals. DGGE analysis demonstrated distinct ruminal microbial populations in hay-fed and grain-fed animals, but the substantial animal-to-animal variation were detected. Quantitative PCR showed for grain-fed animals significantly higher number of bacteria belonging to Clostridium leptum group at 10 days after the incorporation of corn into the diet and significantly lower concentration of bacteria belonging to Actinobacteria phylum at the day 20 after dietary change. Taxonomic distribution analysed by NGS at day 20 revealed the similar prevalence of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in all goats, significantly higher presence of the unclassified genus of groups of Bacteroidales and Ruminococcaceae in grain-fed animals and significantly higher presence the genus Prevotella and Butyrivibrio in the forage-fed animals. The three different culture-independent methods used in this study show that high proportion of concentrate in goat diet does not induce any serious disturbance of their rumen ecosystem and indicate the good adaptive response of caprine ruminal bacteria to incorporation of corn into the diet.
- MeSH
- Actinobacteria klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- bachor mikrobiologie MeSH
- Bacteroidetes klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Butyrivibrio klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Clostridium klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- Firmicutes klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- fyziologie výživy zvířat * MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kozy MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza MeSH
- kukuřice setá chemie metabolismus MeSH
- lipnicovité chemie metabolismus MeSH
- píštěl žaludku MeSH
- Prevotella klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Ruminococcus klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
