To trace evolution of Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive clonal complex 398 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the Czech Republic, we tested 103 MRSA isolates from humans. Five (4.9%) were Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive clonal complex 398, sequence types 1232 and 9181. Spread to the Czech Republic may result from travel to or from other countries.

• MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny * biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• exotoxiny * genetika   biosyntéza   MeSH
• leukocidiny * genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce * mikrobiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterial human pathogen that causes a wide variety of clinical manifestations. The main aim of the presented study was to determine and optimize a novel sequencing independent approach that enables molecular typing of S. aureus isolates and elucidates the transmission of emergent clones between patients. In total, 987 S. aureus isolates including both methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were used to evaluate the novel typing approach combining high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) genes (mini-MLST) and spa gene (spa-HRM). The novel approach's discriminatory ability was evaluated by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The clonal relatedness of tested isolates was set by the BURP and BURST approach using spa and MLST data, respectively. Mini-MLST classified the S. aureus isolates into 38 clusters, followed by spa-HRM classifying the isolates into 101 clusters. The WGS proved HRM-based methods to effectively differentiate between related S. aureus isolates. Visualizing evolutionary relationships among different spa-types provided by the BURP algorithm showed comparable results to MLST/mini-MLST clonal clusters. We proved that the combination of mini-MLST and spa-HRM is rapid, reproducible, and cost-efficient. In addition to high discriminatory ability, the correlation between spa evolutionary relationships and mini-MLST clustering allows the variability in population structure to be monitored. IMPORTANCE Rapid and cost-effective molecular typing tools for Staphylococcus aureus epidemiological applications such as transmission tracking, source attribution and outbreak investigations are highly desirable. High-resolution melting based methods are effective alternative to those based on sequencing. Their good reproducibility and easy performance allow prospective typing of large set of isolates while reaching great discriminatory power. In this study, we established a new epidemiological approach to S. aureus typing. This scheme has the potential to greatly improve epidemiological investigations of S. aureus.

• MeSH
• kontrola infekce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• molekulární typizace metody   MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Článok pojednáva o pomerne novom lipoglykopeptidovom antibiotiku na trhu s názvom dalbavancín. Stručne popisuje spektrum a mechanizmus jeho antibakteriálneho účinku a dávkovacie schémy, ktoré je možné použiť v liečbe infekcií kože a mäkkých tkanív. V predloženej kazuistike autori popisujú prípad flegmóny ramena u pacientky, ktorej vyvolávateľom bol MRSA a na jej liečbu bolo -úspešne použité toto antibiotikum.

The article discusses dalbavancin, a relatively new lipoglycopeptide antibiotic brought to market. It briefly describes the spectrum and mechanism of its antibacterial effect and dosing regimens that can be used in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. The authors present a case of a patient with shoulder phlegmon caused by MRSA who was successfully treated with this antibiotic.

• Klíčová slova
• Dalbavalcín, Teicoplanin,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• celulitis farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• horní končetina MeSH
• infekční nemoci kůže farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   MeSH
• teikoplanin analogy a deriváty   aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• fatální výsledek MeSH
• hidradenitis suppurativa * diagnóza   komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• mužské pohlavní orgány patologie   MeSH
• perineum * patologie   MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom * diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is essential for proper initial antibiotic therapy and timely set up of hygienic measures. Recently, detection of MRSA using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer mediated by the peptide-phenol-soluble modulin (PSM-mec)-linked to the class A mec gene complex present in SCCmec cassettes types II, III, and VIII of MRSA strains, has been commercially available. We present here a multicentre study on MALDI-TOF MS detection of MRSA evincing a poor repeatability and reproducibility of the assay. The sensitivity of the assay varies between 50 and 90% in strains carrying psmMEC and psmδ genes encoding for PSM-mec and δ-toxin (a member of the PSM peptide family), respectively. No false positive results were found. The very major error calculation was 30% and the major error achieved 0%. Interlaboratory repeatability varies between 0 and 100%. No significant difference was observed with the use of different cultivation media. Our data showed a poor sensitivity of the method excluding it from the use in routine laboratory testing.

• MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny genetika   MeSH
• chybná diagnóza MeSH
• diagnostické techniky molekulární * MeSH
• diagnostické testy rutinní MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice * MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

Cílem této práce bylo zjistit lokální epidemiologickou situaci v Nemocnici Znojmo v období let 2014–2019, z hle-diska výskytu závažných bakteriálních kmenů typu MRSA, za účelem posouzení aktuálního vývojového trendu. U kmenů MRSA byla rovněž sledována sdružená rezistence na další antimikrobiální preparáty, s cílem zlepšit em-pirický způsob léčby MRSA pozitivních pacientů v této nemocnici. Za účelem zjištění nejčastějšího místa výskytu kmenů MRSA, bylo zhodnoceno jejich zastoupení v různorodém klinickém materiálu, podle místa první izolace kmene. Následně byla věnována pozornost materiálu, ve kterém se tyto epidemiologicky významné kmeny nejvíce nacházely, včetně jejich zastoupení na jednotlivých nemocničních oddělení, z důvodu cílené kontroly jejich výskytu.

The aim was to characterize the local epidemiological situation of MRSA type strains in the Znojmo Hospital in 2014–2019 and to show the recent trend. The resistance of MRSA strains to multiple antimicrobials was also analysed in order to improve the empirical treatment of MRSA positive patients in the Znojmo Hospital. The first MRSA isolation sites were compared. The focus was on the specimens from which these epidemiologically relevant strains were most often recovered and on MRSA occurrence in different hospital wards in order to control them in a targeted manner.

• MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• infekce měkkých tkání MeSH
• infekční nemoci kůže MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * izolace a purifikace   patogenita   účinky léků   MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce * epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The aim of this study was to trace the dynamic changes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) lineages in the local hospital in both the national and international context. We describe genotypic and phenotypic characterization of 62 non-duplicate MRSA isolates collected during 2010-2016 at University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. The isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing (SCCmec typing). Eight different genotypes were described; ST225-t003-II (32/62, 52%), ST5-t002-II (13/62, 22%), and ST225-t014-II (12/62, 21%) were constantly detected over the 7-year follow-up period. The genotypes ST225-t151-II, ST225-t1282-II, ST225-t1623-II, ST78-t2832-II, and ST225-t8799-II occurred only once in the period reported. The majority of the strains, represented by ST225, belonged to clonal complex 5 (CC5).

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriemie epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus klasifikace   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• nemocnice univerzitní MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce epidemiologie   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Cases of colonization or infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequently reported in people who work with animals, including veterinary personnel. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization among veterinary professionals. A total of 134 nasal swabs from healthy attendees of a veterinary conference held in the Czech Republic were tested for presence of MRSA. The stains were further genotypically and phenotypically characterized. RESULTS: Nine isolated MRSA strains were characterized with sequence type (ST), spa type (t) and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type. Five different genotypes were described, including ST398-t011-IV (n = 5), ST398-t2330-IV (n = 1), ST398-t034-V (n = 1), ST225-t003-II (n = 1) and ST4894-t011-IV (n = 1). The carriage of the animal MRSA strain was confirmed in 8 cases, characteristics of one strain corresponded to the possible nosocomial origin. Among animal strains were described three spa types (t011, t034, t2330) belonging into one dominating clonal complex spa-CC11. CONCLUSION: According to our results, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in veterinary personnel is 6.72%. Although we described an increase compared to the results of previous study (year 2008), the prevalence in the Czech Republic is still remaining lower than reported from neighboring countries. Our results also indicate that healthcare - associated MRSA strains are still not spread among animals.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• nos mikrobiologie   MeSH
• pracovní expozice MeSH
• přenašečství epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce epidemiologie   MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• studium veterinárního lékařství MeSH
• veterináři * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Septic arthritis is an infection of joints caused by a pathogenic microorganism. Septic arthritis has a mortality rate of 11-40% when it's not treated properly. The mortality rate with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)is 5-7%, while the rate with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)is 13-20%. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of intraarticular vancomycin and teicoplanin on joint cartilage in in vivo settings and its utility in routine MRSA treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our study, 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 28 days were used. Rats were obtained from the Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER) of Istanbul Medipol University. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups each containing 7 rats. Joint injections were administered with isoflurane analgesia every day at 6 am. Three rats (15 rats) from each group were sacrified in seventh day and evaluated immunohistologically to evaluate acute healing in articular cartilage. All remaining rats were sacrificed on day 28 and their knees were evaluated by immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS In our study, there were no complications in any rat during injection and the study period. Hematoxylin eosin (H & E) histological staining for evaluating cartilage healing and healing levels did not show statistically significant differences between the groups at first week (p > 0.05). Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) staining did not show any statistically significant difference between the groups. (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION MRSAseptic arthritis, diagnosed for the first time in 1960, has recently been responsible for 6-22% of all septic arthritis and is increasing day by day. The use of systemic vancomycin or teicoplanin is the first-line treatment method in MRSA septic arthritis. Serum levels reach the desired level, especially with intravenous infusion dose. On the other hand, it has been shown that intraarticular concentration does not reach a sufficient level in studies conducted. The use of intraarticular antibiotics during treatment can lead to more effective and early disease control by turning this negative situation into favor of the patient. As a result, intraarticular vancomycin and teicoplanin maximale tolerable and maintenance doses can be safely used beside surgery and intravenous antibiotics to increase efficacy of treatment, reduction of recurrence rates and reduction of mortality in MRSAseptic arthritis. CONCLUSIONS Intraarticular vancomycin and teicoplanin maximale tolerable and maintenance doses can be safely used beside surgery and intravenous antibiotics to increase efficacy of treatment, reduction of recurrence rates and reduction of mortality in MRSA septic arthritis. Key words:arthritis, infectious; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; mortality.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• hojení ran účinky léků   MeSH
• infekční artritida farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• injekce intraartikulární MeSH
• kloubní chrupavka účinky léků   patologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• teikoplanin aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• vankomycin aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• zadní končetina účinky léků   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH

This study is aimed at detecting and characterizing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from bulk tank milk samples of cows, sheep, and goats collected from dairy farms in the Czech Republic. All MRSA isolates were identified using PCR detection of the Staphylococcus aureus-specific fragment SA442 and mecA gene. The staphylococcal chromosomal cassettes mec (SCCmec), spa, and multilocus sequence types (MLST) were determined. The presence of genes encoding enterotoxins (ses), Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl), exfoliative toxins A, B (eta, etb), and toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst) were assessed. To differentiate human and animal origin, the presence of staphylokinase (sak) gene, ϕSa3 prophage, and susceptibility to tetracycline was tested. Out of 49 bulk tank milk samples examined, 14 (28.6%) were MRSA-positive. Eleven positive samples came from cow's milk (38%) and the remaining three from goat's milk (33%). All samples of ewe's milk were negative. In MRSA isolates three sequence types containing seven spa types were identified. Twelve isolates (85.7%) belonged to ST398 spa types t011/SCCmec IVa, t011/SCCmec V, t034/SCCmec V, t1456/SCCmec IVa, t1255/SCCmec V, and t2346/SCCmec V. Another two isolates belonged to ST5/t3598/SCCmec IVa and ST8/t064/SCCmec IVNT. In six isolates, one or more ses genes (seb, sed, seg, sei, and sej) were confirmed. One isolate from cow's milk harbored the tst gene. Another two isolates (ST398/t1456/SCCmec IVa and ST5/t3598/SCCmec IVa) harbored the sak gene and ϕSa3 prophage, and the latter was the only tetracycline-susceptible isolate in this study. However, none of the isolates was positive for pvl or eta, etb. These results suggest that there is the wide geographical spread of ST398 across different regions of the Czech Republic with no host preference among dairy cattle and goats. Therefore, when evaluating the occupational and foodborne risks, MRSA carriage and infection should be taken into account.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny genetika   MeSH
• exotoxiny genetika   MeSH
• farmy MeSH
• kozy MeSH
• leukocidiny genetika   MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• methicilin farmakologie   MeSH
• mlékárenství MeSH
• mléko mikrobiologie   MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace veterinární   MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• rezistence na methicilin * MeSH
• skot MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH