A recently observed developmental instability of the ano-genital distance (AGD) in female mice indicates that natural prenatal androgens do not have such a robust effect on female genital morphology as has been generally assumed. Part of this instability might be caused by oestrous cyclicity. To check this assumption, we examined the effect of the stage of the oestrous cycle on the AGD in adult (61-75 days old) female mice. Consistent with our assumption, the female AGD (1) varied during the oestrous cycle (p < 0.05), indicating thus rapid changes in morphology of female external genitalia, and (2) showed good repeatability (>0.66) in each stage of the oestrous cycle, suggesting that female genital morphology systematically varied within the oestrous cycle. Therefore, the stage of the oestrous cycle should be considered when assessing prenatal masculinization in adult female mice.
- MeSH
- estrální cyklus fyziologie MeSH
- myši inbrední ICR MeSH
- myši anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
- perineum anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- tělesné váhy a míry MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- elastická tkáň anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
- experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
- exprese genu genetika MeSH
- fibrin genetika klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrofibrily fyziologie genetika patologie MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- myši anatomie a histologie fyziologie genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši anatomie a histologie fyziologie genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
We described three different conditions that induce differentiation of dissociated neural stem cells derived from mouse embryonic CNS. In the first set of experiments, where the cell differentiation was triggered by cell adhesion, removal of growth factors and serum-supplemented medium, only sporadic neuronal and astroglial cells survived longer than two weeks and the latter formed a monolayer. When differentiation was induced in serum-free medium supplemented with retinoic acid, rapid and massive cell death occurred. A prolonged survival was observed in cultivation medium supplemented with serum and growth factors EGF plus FGF-2. One third of the cells did not express cell differentiation markers and were responsible for an increase in cell numbers. The remaining cells differentiated and formed the astrocytic monolayer on which occasional neuronal cells grew. One third of the differentiated phenotypes were represented by cells of oligodendroglial lineage. Differentiation of oligodendroglial cells occurred in a stepwise mechanism because the culture contained all successive developmental stages, including oligodendrocyte progenitors, preoligodendrocytes and immature and mature oligodendrocytes. Maturing oligodendrocytes displayed immunocytochemical and morphological features characteristic of cells that undergo physiological development. The cultivation conditions that supported growth and differentiation of neural stem cells were optimal for in vitro developmental studies and the production of oligodendroglial cells.
- MeSH
- apoptóza genetika MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace fyziologie MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- financování vládou MeSH
- fluorescenční mikroskopie metody využití MeSH
- kmenové buňky cytologie fyziologie MeSH
- myši anatomie a histologie MeSH
- oligodendroglie cytologie fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši anatomie a histologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
We investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (Flt-1 and KDR/Flk-1) during muscle regeneration by immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. On days 5 and 7 after the induction of injury, VEGF and Flt-1 were detected in the cytoplasm and KDR/Flk-1 in the cytoplasm and on cell membranes of the same regenerating muscle fibers. The levels of these proteins in the regenerating muscle fibers gradually decreased until day 20. In contrast, these proteins were not detected in the fibers of normal muscle. This suggests that regenerating muscle fibers express VEGF and its receptors in response to injury. In addition, we found that the VEGF mRNA transcript transiently increased after 12 h of muscle injury and then returned to the basal levels observed in normal muscles on day 1. The expression of Flt-1 and KDR/Flk-1 mRNA transcripts also peaked on day 3 and then returned to the basal levels observed in normal muscles on day 10. These findings suggest that regenerating muscle fibers are an important source of VEGF and that VEGF signaling through Flt-1 and KDR/Flk-1 may be involved in the process of muscle regeneration in vivo.
- MeSH
- exprese genu fyziologie genetika MeSH
- financování vládou MeSH
- imunohistochemie metody využití MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- kosterní svaly fyziologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- myši anatomie a histologie fyziologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí metody využití MeSH
- receptory vaskulárního endoteliálního růstového faktoru genetika MeSH
- vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši anatomie a histologie fyziologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- androgeny farmakologie farmakokinetika metabolismus MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- kostní denzita účinky léků MeSH
- myši anatomie a histologie metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- osteoporóza terapie MeSH
- progestiny analýza metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši anatomie a histologie metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- epitel chemie ultrastruktura MeSH
- glykogen chemie MeSH
- myši anatomie a histologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- vejcovody u zvířat cytologie chemie růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši anatomie a histologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
Opuscula morphologica
1. vyd. 153 s. : il. ; 24 cm
