Mycobacterium bovis is a re-emerging zoonosis; it was diagnosed in five Abyssinian cats in a breeding cattery in Italy. The infection entered the cattery with an imported kitten (cat A); it had a suspected bite wound on its leg that had been treated at a veterinary clinic in Kiev, Ukraine, which is probably where it became infected with M. bovis. When the kitten arrived in Italy, there were four cats in the cattery; an adult female, her two kittens and a kitten imported from Russia. These were all healthy, and had no outdoor access. All five cats developed tuberculous interstitial pneumonia; in cat A this occurred 6 weeks after importation, the others were diagnosed 4-6 weeks later. Three cats were euthanised with deteriorating pneumonia while two cats remained clinically well on antibiotic therapy (marbofloxacin, doxycycline and azithromycin). The latter cases were euthanised after 5 weeks, as required by Italian law once M. bovis infection was suspected. Changes consistent with tuberculosis on gross post-mortem examination included mesenteric and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, and the presence of disseminated focal white lesions on the cut surface of the spleen, liver and lungs. Visible acid-fast bacteria (cats A, B and C) were confirmed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by PCR (cats A, B, C, D and E), refined to M. bovis (cats A, B and D), spoligotype SB0950 (cats A and D).
- MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby veterinární MeSH
- importované infekce epidemiologie mikrobiologie přenos veterinární MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- Mycobacterium bovis fyziologie MeSH
- nemoci koček epidemiologie mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- tuberkulóza epidemiologie mikrobiologie přenos veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Itálie MeSH
- Ukrajina MeSH
BACKGROUND: Peritoneal larval cestodiasis induced by Mesocestoides Vaillant, 1863 (Cyclophyllidea: Mesocestoididae) is a common cause of severe infections in domestic dogs and cats, reported also from other mammals and less frequently from birds. However, there is a limited knowledge on the taxonomy of causative agents of this disease. RESULTS: In the present study, we investigated a massive, likely lethal, infection of a song thrush Turdus philomelos (Passeriformes: Turdidae) by Mesocestoides sp. tetrathyridia. We performed combined morphological and phylogenetic analysis of the tetrathyridia and compared them with the materials obtained previously from other birds and mammals. The metrical data fitted within the wide range reported by previous authors but confirmed the limited value of morphological data for species identification of tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides spp. The molecular analyses suggested that the isolates represented an unidentified Mesocestoides sp. that was previously repeatedly isolated and sequenced in larval and adult forms from domestic dogs and cats in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. In contrast to the present study, which found encysted tetrathyridia, four of the five previous studies that identified the same species described infections by acephalic metacestodes only. CONCLUSIONS: The tetrathyridia of the examined Mesocestoides sp. are described in the present study for the first time. However, the possible match with the species that were previously reported to infect birds remains uncertain. The phylogenetic analyses also suggested the rejection of two cases that were previously identified as Mesocestoides corti as they were likely caused by the same species as in the presently reported infection case. The newly provided DNA sequences should allow the assignment to species in the future, when adults of the genus Mesocestoides are more thoroughly sequenced.
- MeSH
- cysticerkóza přenos veterinární MeSH
- domácí zvířata parazitologie MeSH
- fatální výsledek MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- Mesocestoides genetika patogenita MeSH
- nemoci koček parazitologie přenos MeSH
- nemoci psů parazitologie přenos MeSH
- psi MeSH
- savci parazitologie MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- zpěvní ptáci parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
- psi MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Toxoplazmóza je parazitární onemocnění člověka a zvířat, které způsobuje prvok Toxoplasma gondii. Na našem území se vyskytuje velmi často. V našem přehledovém článku se postupně zabýváme problematikou jejích klinických projevů, diagnostickými metodami, léčbou. Rozebrány jsou i otázky primární prevence, coby důležitého přístupu v boji s tímto nebezpečným onemocněním.
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease of humans and animals caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. In our area it occurs very often. In this review article, we discuss with the issue of its clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, treatment. We also discuss issues of primary prevention as an important approach in the fight against this dangerous disease.
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky a postupy * MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- infekční komplikace v těhotenství diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- klinický obraz nemoci MeSH
- kongenitální toxoplazmóza diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci koček parazitologie přenos MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody využití MeSH
- přenos infekční nemoci prevence a kontrola MeSH
- primární prevence metody MeSH
- pyrimethamin terapeutické užití MeSH
- sérologické testy metody využití MeSH
- spiramycin analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- sulfadiazin MeSH
- Toxoplasma izolace a purifikace parazitologie patogenita MeSH
- toxoplazmóza * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) causes an immunosuppressive disease whose consequences are less severe if cats are co-infected with an attenuated FIV strain (PLV). We use virus diversity measurements, which reflect replication ability and the virus response to various conditions, to test whether diversity of virulent FIV in lymphoid tissues is altered in the presence of PLV. Our data consisted of the 3' half of the FIV genome from three tissues of animals infected with FIV alone, or with FIV and PLV, sequenced by 454 technology. RESULTS: Since rare variants dominate virus populations, we had to carefully distinguish sequence variation from errors due to experimental protocols and sequencing. We considered an exponential-normal convolution model used for background correction of microarray data, and modified it to formulate an error correction approach for minor allele frequencies derived from high-throughput sequencing. Similar to accounting for over-dispersion in counts, this accounts for error-inflated variability in frequencies - and quite effectively reproduces empirically observed distributions. After obtaining error-corrected minor allele frequencies, we applied ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) based on a linear mixed model and found that conserved sites and transition frequencies in FIV genes differ among tissues of dual and single infected cats. Furthermore, analysis of minor allele frequencies at individual FIV genome sites revealed 242 sites significantly affected by infection status (dual vs. single) or infection status by tissue interaction. All together, our results demonstrated a decrease in FIV diversity in bone marrow in the presence of PLV. Importantly, these effects were weakened or undetectable when error correction was performed with other approaches (thresholding of minor allele frequencies; probabilistic clustering of reads). We also queried the data for cytidine deaminase activity on the viral genome, which causes an asymmetric increase in G to A substitutions, but found no evidence for this host defense strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Our error correction approach for minor allele frequencies (more sensitive and computationally efficient than other algorithms) and our statistical treatment of variation (ANOVA) were critical for effective use of high-throughput sequencing data in understanding viral diversity. We found that co-infection with PLV shifts FIV diversity from bone marrow to lymph node and spleen.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- DNA virů genetika MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat * MeSH
- kočičí AIDS genetika imunologie virologie MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- nemoci koček genetika imunologie přenos virologie MeSH
- statistické modely * MeSH
- virus kočičí imunodeficience klasifikace genetika patogenita MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- MeSH
- dermatomykózy etiologie klasifikace přenos MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- farmakoterapie metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nemoci koček etiologie klasifikace přenos MeSH
- nemoci psů etiologie klasifikace přenos MeSH
- nemoci skotu etiologie klasifikace přenos MeSH
- primární prevence metody MeSH
- tinea capitis diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- tinea diagnóza etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zoonózy přenos MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- kočky parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci koček přenos MeSH
- Toxoplasma izolace a purifikace MeSH
- toxoplazmóza zvířat přenos MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
