AIM: To assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of using a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for stabilising very preterm infants after birth. METHODS: A prospective observational study included preterm infants born at 28 + 0 to 31 + 6 weeks' gestation between February 2021 and December 2022 at the General University Hospital in Prague. Following delayed cord clamping, HFNC was administered at a flow rate of 8 L/min through the infants' nostrils. Criteria for switching to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or positive pressure ventilation (PPV) included persistent bradycardia in the first few minutes or low saturation of oxygen (SpO2) after 5 min, respectively. RESULTS: Of the 65 infants enrolled in the study, 56 (86%) were successfully stabilised exclusively using HFNC while 7 (11%) required PPV. Additionally, 52 (80%) infants achieved SpO2 > 80% at 5 min, and 54 (83%) infants were successfully treated with HFNC within the first 3 h of life. CONCLUSION: The primary use of HFNC seems to be an appropriate alternative to CPAP for the stabilisation of very premature infants after birth and subsequent transfer to the NICU. A randomised trial comparing HFNC and CPAP in the delivery room will enable to answer the questions raised in this study.
- MeSH
- Cannula * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Extremely Premature * MeSH
- Infant, Premature MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Oxygen Inhalation Therapy * instrumentation methods MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Feasibility Studies MeSH
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Observational Study MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in immunocompromised patients remains the leading cause of admission to the ICU, with high case fatality. The response to the initial oxygenation strategy may be predictive of outcome. This study aims to assess the response to the evolutionary profiles of oxygenation strategy and the association with survival. DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of EFRAIM study with a nonparametric longitudinal clustering technique (longitudinal K-mean). SETTING AND PATIENTS: Multinational, observational prospective cohort study performed in critically ill immunocompromised patients admitted for an acute respiratory failure. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 1547 patients who did not require invasive mechanical ventilation (iMV) at ICU admission were included. Change in ventilatory support was assessed and three clusters of change in oxygenation modality over time were identified. Cluster A: 12.3% iMV requirement and high survival rate, n = 717 patients (46.3%); cluster B: 32.9% need for iMV, 97% ICU mortality, n = 499 patients (32.3%); and cluster C: 37.5% need for iMV, 0.3% ICU mortality, n = 331 patients (21.4%). These clusters demonstrated a high discrimination. After adjustment for confounders, clusters B and C were independently associated with need for iMV (odds ratio [OR], 9.87; 95% CI, 7.26-13.50 and OR, 19.8; 95% CI, 13.7-29.1). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified three distinct highly performing clusters of response to initial oxygenation strategy, which reliably predicted the need for iMV requirement and hospital mortality.
- MeSH
- Hypoxia * therapy mortality MeSH
- Immunocompromised Host * MeSH
- Intensive Care Units statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Critical Illness mortality therapy MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Hospital Mortality MeSH
- Oxygen Inhalation Therapy * methods MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Respiratory Insufficiency * therapy mortality MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Cluster Analysis MeSH
- Respiration, Artificial * methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Observational Study MeSH
Chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc (CHOPN) zůstává celosvětově stále onemocněním s vysokou prevalencí, morbiditou a mortalitou a významně snižuje kvalitu života. V České republice trpí tímto onemocněním přibližně 5-7 % dospělé populace a přibližně 3 200-3 500 lidí u nás na tuto nemoc každoročně zemře. V současné době je kladen důraz na individualizovanou léčbu tzv. léčitelných charakteristik (treatable traits) CHOPN. Klinická fenotypizace CHOPN v ČR není žádnou novinkou a používáme ji od roku 2013. Nová doporučení Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) z roku 2024 hovoří o novém konceptu komplexní problematiky řešení CHOPN s ohledem na personalizaci. Léčba se stala intenzivnější s ohledem na symptomy a prevenci exacerbací. Klíčem k úspěchu všeobecně je časná diagnóza a zavedení screeningových programů. Článek shrnuje základní aktuální doporučení a přehled moderní farmakologické a také nefarmakologické dlouhodobé léčby CHOPN.
The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) from 2024 talks about a new concept of a comprehensive approach to COPD management with regard to personalization. Treatment has become more intensive with regard to symptoms and prevention of exacerbations. The key to success in general is early diagnosis and the introduction of screening programs. This article summarizes the main current recommendations and an overview of modern pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological long-term treatment of COPD.
- MeSH
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Muscarinic Antagonists pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive * therapy MeSH
- Drug Combinations MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Oxygen Inhalation Therapy methods MeSH
- Lung Transplantation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Respiratory Therapy methods nursing instrumentation MeSH
- Drainage classification nursing MeSH
- Respiratory Tract Infections * nursing MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nebulizers and Vaporizers classification MeSH
- Noninvasive Ventilation nursing MeSH
- Oxygen Inhalation Therapy methods instrumentation MeSH
- Tracheostomy nursing MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Dlouhodobá domácí oxygenoterapie u dětí (DDOT) je definována jako podávání kyslíku mimo nemocniční prostředí pacientům s onemocněním plic, plicních cév a případně i hrudní stěny (resp. ventilační pumpy) trpícím chronickou respirační insuficiencí 1. typu. Tento přehledový článek je druhým ze dvou článků, které se zabývají problematikou DDOT v České republice. Věnuje se praktickým aspektům DDOT a klade si za cíl stručně představit typy domácí oxygenoterapie a zdroje kyslíku. Dále představuje indikační kritéria pro DDOT v ČR a indikační kritéria dle doporučení Americké hrudní společnosti (ATS) a Britské hrudní společnosti (BTS). Diskutovány jsou i limitace stávající indikační praxe v ČR, kdy kritéria pro předpis DDOT podle aktuálního úhradového katalogu českých zdravotních pojišťoven dostatečně nezohledňují specifika dětského věku. Závěrem článek zmiňuje možnosti monitorování dlouhodobé terapie kyslíkem v domácím prostředí a případné ukončení terapie.
Long term home oxygen therapy for children is defined as oxygenotherapy outside hospital environment dedicated for patients with lung diseases, diseases of pulmonary vascular system and diseases of the thoracic wall (ventilation) suffering from chronic respiratory insufficiency of type 1. This review represents the second one of two articles on long-term home oxygen therapy (LTOT) in the Czech Republic, with a focus on the indication criteria for home oxygen therapy in children with chronic respiratory conditions. The review outlines the criteria based on the practice guidelines of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the British Thoracic Society (BTS), as well as specific indication criteria in the Czech Republic recommended by health insurance companies. Additionally, the review addresses practical aspects of LTOT, including the types of home oxygen devices, at-home patient follow-up, and indications for weaning off LTOT.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Long-Term Care classification methods MeSH
- Home Nursing classification methods MeSH
- Quality of Life MeSH
- Prescriptions MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Oxygen Inhalation Therapy * classification methods instrumentation MeSH
- Lung Diseases therapy MeSH
- Respiratory Insufficiency diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Dlouhodobá domácí oxygenoterapie u dětí (DDOT) je definována jako podávání kyslíku mimo nemocniční prostředí pacientům s onemocněním plic, plicních cév a případně i hrudní stěny (resp. ventilační pumpy) trpícím chronickou respirační insuficiencí 1. typu. Hlavním cílem DDOT je zamezení výskytu déletrvajících stavů hypoxie a tím předcházení rozvoji komplikací, jakými jsou například plicní hypertenze, kognitivní deficit a další. Domácí oxygenoterapie zároveň umožňuje dítěti pobyt mimo nemocniční zařízení a zvyšuje jeho kvalitu života. DDOT je rezervována zpravidla pro koncová stadia závažných plicních a některých mimoplicních onemocnění. Specificky v dětském věku lze však u některých patologií očekávat ústup závislosti na dodatečném kyslíku (např. bronchopulmonální dysplazie či hyperplazie neuroendokrinních buněk kojenců) a tím i možnost ukončení DDOT. Tento přehledový článek je prvním ze dvou článků, které se věnují problematice DDOT v České republice. Klade si za cíl stručně představit patofyziologické mechanismy vedoucí k hypoxemii a objasnit na jejich základě účinnost a vhodnost oxygenoterapie. Dále krátce představuje metody detekce hypoxemie vhodné pro dětský věk a důsledky dlouhodobé hypoxemie na dětský organismus. V neposlední řadě se věnuje nejčastějším diagnózám indikovaným a potenciálně léčitelným DDOT.
Long term home oxygen therapy for children is defined as oxygenotherapy outside hospital environment dedicated for patients with lung diseases, diseases of pulmonary vascular system and diseases of the thoracic wall (ventilation) suffering from chronic respiratory insufficiency of type 1. The main target of a long-term home oxygen therapy in children (LTOT) is to prevent prolonged hypoxia in children with chronic respiratory condition. Prolonged hypoxia can lead to health complications such as pulmonary hypertension, cognitive impairment etc. LTOT enables patients to spend more time at home and improves their quality of life. LTOT is indicated for end-stages of severe pulmonary and sometimes non-pulmonary illnesses, but there are known pathologies such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia or neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy where the patient is expected to spontaneously wean of oxygen. This review is the first of two articles presenting LTOT in the Czech Republic. The primary focus of this review is to briefly present the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to hypoxemia and to explain the suitability of oxygen therapy based on this knowledge. It then briefly outlines options for detecting hypoxemia in children and the long-term impact of hypoxemia on the children‘s body and health. Moreover, the review discusses the most common diagnoses indicated and potentially treatable by LTOT.
- MeSH
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia therapy MeSH
- Cystic Fibrosis pathology therapy MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Home Nursing MeSH
- Hypoxia complications physiopathology MeSH
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial pathology therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Sleep Apnea, Obstructive physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Oxygen Inhalation Therapy * methods adverse effects MeSH
- Oximetry MeSH
- Hypertension, Pulmonary pathology therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the performance of the fabian-Predictive-Intelligent-Control-of-Oxygenation (PRICO) system for automated control of the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2). DESIGN: Multicentre randomised cross-over study. SETTING: Five neonatal intensive care units experienced with automated control of FiO2 and the fabian ventilator. PATIENTS: 39 infants: median gestational age of 27 weeks (IQR: 26-30), postnatal age 7 days (IQR: 2-17), weight 1120 g (IQR: 915-1588), FiO2 0.32 (IQR: 0.22-0.43) receiving both non-invasive (27) and invasive (12) respiratory support. INTERVENTION: Randomised sequential 24-hour periods of automated and manual FiO2 control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion (%) of time in normoxaemia (90%-95% with FiO2>0.21 and 90%-100% when FiO2=0.21) was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were severe hypoxaemia (<80%) and severe hyperoxaemia (>98% with FiO2>0.21) and prevalence of episodes ≥60 s at these two SpO2 extremes. RESULTS: During automated control, subjects spent more time in normoxaemia (74%±22% vs 51%±22%, p<0.001) with less time above and below (<90% (9%±8% vs 12%±11%, p<0.001) and >95% with FiO2>0.21 (16%±19% vs 35%±24%) p<0.001). They spent less time in severe hyperoxaemia (1% (0%-3.5%) vs 5% (1%-10%), p<0.001) but exposure to severe hypoxaemia was low in both arms and not different. The differences in prolonged episodes of SpO2 were consistent with the times at extremes. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the ability of the PRICO automated oxygen control algorithm to improve the maintenance of SpO2 in normoxaemia and to avoid hyperoxaemia without increasing hypoxaemia.
- MeSH
- Hyperoxia prevention & control MeSH
- Hypoxia MeSH
- Intensive Care Units, Neonatal * MeSH
- Cross-Over Studies * MeSH
- Oxygen blood administration & dosage MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Premature MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Oxygen Inhalation Therapy methods adverse effects instrumentation MeSH
- Oximetry methods MeSH
- Oxygen Saturation * MeSH
- Respiration, Artificial adverse effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Pragmatic Clinical Trial MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a disease that has a high reported mortality rate. The treatment for ARDS typically involves mechanical ventilation that is tailored to each patient's needs. A crucial aspect of this treatment is maintaining adequate oxygen saturation of haemoglobin by setting the fraction of inspired oxygen. This paper proposes a design method of robust proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers using a gas exchange model during ARDS. Several PID controllers were synthesized for different sub-operational ranges defined by measurable quantities of the mechanical ventilator and the patient using a mixed sensitivity H∞ approach. In simulations, the controller demonstrated high robustness to external changes and changes in the patient's condition, with saturation always above 88%. Although further validation of the controller is required, the results indicate that the presented robust control method has the potential to be clinically relevant.
- MeSH
- Algorithms MeSH
- Oxygen blood MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Oxygen Inhalation Therapy methods MeSH
- Computer Simulation MeSH
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Respiration, Artificial * methods MeSH
- Pulmonary Gas Exchange MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Téma bylo zpracováno formou diplomové práce, která se zabývá podpůrnými respiračními, ventilačními a neinvazivními technikami dechové podpory, které souvisejí s celosvětovou pandemií covidu-19, která v období 2020–2021 ovlivnila život mnoha lidí. Během pandemie se v nemocnicích rozšířila terapie vysokoprůtokovým nosním kyslíkem (HFNC –high-flow nasal cannul; high-flow) jakožto možná alternativa umělé plicní ventilace (UPV) u covid pozitivních pacientů. Práce se zabývá problematikou, zda HFNC může být alternativou UPV u covid pozitivních pacientů v intenzivní péči. Empirická část vyplývá z kvantitativních výzkumů. První výzkum byl zaměřen na sestry a jejich zkušenosti a znalosti s technikou HFNC, jejím principem a fungováním, a to prostřednictvím rozeslaných dotazníků. Druhý výzkum byl zpracován sběrem sekundárních dat za pomoci statistické analýzy. Ve druhém kvantitativním šetření bylo cílem znázornění ventilačních režimů u všech hospitalizovaných pacientů, kteří podstoupili terapii na UPV či HFNC, zjistit, zda je HFNC alternativou UPV u covid pozitivních pacientů a zda nedošlo k jejímu selhání během terapie.
The topic was explored through a master’s thesis that focuses on supportive respiratory, ventilatory, and non-invasive techniques of respiratory assistance related to the global covid-19 pandemic, which affected the lives of many people during the period of 2020–2021. During this pandemic, the use of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (high-flow) proliferated in hospitals as a potential alternative to invasive mechanical ventilation for covid-positive patients. The thesis addresses the question of whether high-flow can serve as an alternative to invasive mechanical ventilation for covid-positive patients in intensive care. The empirical part is derived from quantitative research. The first study focused on nurses and their experiences and knowledge of the high-flow technique, its principles, and its functioning, through distributed questionnaires. The second study utilized secondary data collection and statistical analysis. In the second quantitative investigation, the goal was to depict ventilation strategies in all hospitalized patients who underwent therapy with either invasive mechanical ventilation or high-flow, to determine whether high-flow can serve as an alternative to invasive mechanical ventilation for covid-positive patients, and whether its failure occurred during the therapy.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation MeSH
- Neuromuscular Blockade MeSH
- Oxygen Inhalation Therapy methods MeSH
- Prone Position MeSH
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome * complications therapy MeSH
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure methods MeSH
- Respiration, Artificial methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Practice Guideline MeSH
