This review summarises the current knowledge on the effects of microplastics and their additives on organisms living in the aquatic environment, particularly invertebrates and fish. To date, microplastics have been recognised to affect not only the behaviour of aquatic animals but also their proper development, causing variations in fertility, oxidative stress, inflammations and immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and changes in metabolic pathways and gene expression. The ability of microplastics to bind other xenobiotics and cause combined toxicity along side the effect of other agents is also discussed as well. Microplastics are highly recalcitrant materials in both freshwater and marine environments and should be considered extremely toxic to aquatic ecosystems. They are severely problematic from ecological, economic and toxicological standpoints.
Despite widespread and prolonged use of adult novelties, their health safety is not regularly tested or legally regulated. In the EU, adult novelties are subjected to the General Product Safety Directive, placing the burden of proof regarding safe products onto the manufacturers. The aim of our pilot study was to expand knowledge on potential application of in vitro methods for hazard prediction of extracts from final products. We subjected extracts of 20 adult novelties, purchased on the Czech market to toxicological tests including NRU cytotoxicity assay, sensitization tests DPRA and LuSens and the YES/YAS endocrine assay. Four samples produced cytotoxicity. Sensitization potential was recorded by DPRA (three samples) while the LuSens reported ten samples. Regarding endocrine disruption, three samples produced antiestrogen and antiandrogen effects. Six samples exhibited androgenic potential and one sample showed estrogenic potential. Positive results with possible health effects were recorded repeatedly for samples made of ABS, PVC and latex. The study has confirmed promising usefulness of our test methods combination with regard to safety testing of this type of consumer products. The results should be evaluated with care, however, the data bring added-value to the limited knowledge of mixture toxicology and are indicative for further testing.
- MeSH
- buňky BALB 3T3 MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory toxicita MeSH
- fibroblasty účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- hra a hračky * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- plastické hmoty toxicita MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- sexuální chování účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- spotřebitelská bezpečnost produktů normy MeSH
- techniky in vitro metody MeSH
- testy akutní toxicity metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Bisfenol A,
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- epidemiologické studie MeSH
- fenoly škodlivé účinky MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence MeSH
- kardiometabolické riziko MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plastické hmoty * dějiny škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
50 stran : barevné ilustrace ; 21 cm
- MeSH
- bisfenol A-glycidyl methakrylát chemie metabolismus škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- plastické hmoty škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- programy národního zdraví MeSH
- toxické účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- Konspekt
- Farmacie. Farmakologie
- NLK Obory
- endokrinologie
- toxikologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- brožury
