Autoři popisují případ 59leté ženy, která pozorovala vznik útvaru na 2. prstu pravé nohy, který recidivoval po ošetření CO2 laserem před 3 měsíci. Byla provedena totální ex-cize. Histologické vyšetření prokázalo diagnózu digitální mukoidní cysty. Čtyři roky po excizi nedošlo k recidivě léze. V přehledu jsou uvedeny současné poznatky o klasifikaci a léčbě digitální mukoidní cysty.
The authors describe a case of a 59-year-old woman, who observed a tumor on the second toe of the right foot, which recurred 3 months after CO2 laser intervention. Total excision was performed. Histological examination established the diagnosis of digital mucous cyst. Four years after excision there was no recurrence of the lesion. The current knowledge of classification and treatment of digital mucous cyst is presented in the review.
- MeSH
- cystická ganglia * diagnóza chirurgie patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mucinózy diagnóza chirurgie patologie MeSH
- prsty nohy anatomie a histologie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
It has been proposed that digit ratio may be used as a biomarker of early developmental effects. Specifically, the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) has been linked to the effects of sex hormones and their receptor genes, but other digit ratios have also been investigated. Across taxa, patterns of sexual dimorphism in digit ratios are ambiguous and a scarcity of studies in basal tetrapods makes it difficult to understand how ratios have evolved. Here, we focus on examining sex differences in digit ratios (2D:3D, 2D:4D, and 3D:4D) in a common amphibian, the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra). We used graphic software to measure soft tissue digit length and digit bone length from X-rays. We found a nonsignificant tendency in males to have a lower 2D:3D than females; however, no sexual differences were detected in the other ratios. We discuss our results in the context of other studies of digit ratios, and how sex determination systems, as well as other factors, might impact patterns of sexual dimorphism, particularly in reptiles and in amphibians. Our findings suggest that caution is needed when using digit ratios as a potential indicator of prenatal hormonal effects in amphibians and highlight the need for more comparative studies to elucidate the evolutionary and genetic mechanisms implicated in sexually dimorphic patterns across taxonomic groups.
There is still uncertainty about which species made the earliest known stone tools and what are the minimum biological attributes for stone tool manufacture. According to the “Morphocentric View”, the details of hand anatomy will tell us which fossil species made stone tools; according to the “Neurocentric View”, brain size and structure are the determining factors. Here, we espouse the Neurocentric View, and test it using information about the genetics of the hands and feet. We find that over 91% of the genes which affect the toes also affect the fingers, suggesting that evolution of hominid hands is tied to the evolution of our feet which are adapted for bipedalism. This and other evidence leads us to the conclusion that we must be cautious when using details of hand morphology to understand the origin and development of lithic technology
- MeSH
- antropologie metody MeSH
- biologická evoluce MeSH
- chování při používání nástrojů fyziologie MeSH
- genetika MeSH
- Hominidae anatomie a histologie fyziologie klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prsty nohy anatomie a histologie fyziologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- prsty ruky anatomie a histologie fyziologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
