Methamphetamine, mainly consumed as an illicit drug, is a potent addictive psychostimulant that has been detected in surface water at concentrations ranging from nanograms to micrograms per litre, especially in Middle and East Europe. The aim of this study was to expose brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) to environmental (1 μg L-1) and higher (50 μg L-1) concentrations of methamphetamine for 35 days with a four-day depuration phase to assess the possible negative effects on fish health. Degenerative liver and heart alterations, similar to those described in mammals, were observed at both concentrations, although at different intensities. Apoptotic changes in hepatocytes, revealed by activated caspase-3, were found in exposed fish. The parent compound and a metabolite (amphetamine) were detected in fish tissues in both concentration groups, in the order of kidney > liver > brain > muscle > plasma. Bioconcentration factors ranged from 0.13 to 80. A therapeutic plasma concentration was reached for both compounds in the high-concentration treatment. This study indicates that chronic environmental concentrations of methamphetamine can lead to health issues in aquatic organisms.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- játra metabolismus MeSH
- ledviny patologie MeSH
- methamfetamin toxicita MeSH
- pstruh metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
This study investigates the replacement of vegetable oil (VO) in aquaculture feed for Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) with oil produced by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi grown in lignocellulose (wheat straw) hydrolysate. VO is extensively used to partially replace fish oil in aquaculture feed, which can be seen as non-sustainable. VO itself is becoming a limited resource. Plant oils are used in many different applications, including food, feed and biodiesel. Its replacement in non-food applications is desirable. For this purpose, yeast cells containing 43% lipids per g dry weight were mechanically disrupted and incorporated into the fish feed. There were no significant differences in this pilot study, regarding weight and length gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, condition factor and hepatosomatic index between the control and the yeast oil fed group. Fatty and amino acid composition of diet from both groups was comparable. Our results in fish demonstrate that it is possible to replace VO by yeast oil produced from lignocellulose, which may broaden the range of raw materials for food production and add value to residual products of agriculture and forestry.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny analýza MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza MeSH
- lignin metabolismus MeSH
- Lipomyces růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- mastné kyseliny analýza chemie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- pšenice metabolismus MeSH
- pstruh růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of this study was to assess mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contamination in muscle tissue of fishes over the longitudinal profile of the River Morava (Czech Republic, Danube basin) and to detect any temporal trends over the past 18 years. Fish samples were collected in 1992, 1998, 2000, 2003 and 2009 at 6 study sites situated just downstream of important pollution sources. Chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.) were selected as indicator species at 5 sites, and brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario L.) at the uppermost site where chub do not occur. In total, muscle tissue of 175 specimens of chub and 19 specimens of brown trout were analysed. Concentrations of heavy metals ranged as follows: mercury 0.015-0.369 mg/kg; cadmium 0.001-0.254 mg/kg and lead 0.006-1.505 mg/kg. Mercury levels did not exceed the maximum allowed concentration in the Czech Republic (0.5 mg/kg). Content of cadmium and lead in fish muscle exceeded the maximum allowed levels (0.05 and 0.3 mg/kg respectively) in 11 and 4 samples, respectively. On average, the order of metal concentration in fish muscle was: Hg>Pb>Cd. No significant differences were found between sites along the longitudinal profile of the river. Significant differences were found, however, for the interannual comparison of cadmium and lead (but not mercury) at different sites (P < 0.05). A catastrophic flood in 1997 resulted in an increase in metal concentrations, especially cadmium and lead, in the following 1998 season. Our results indicate that the Morava river basin does not represent a threatening source of mercury, cadmium or lead for the River Danube downstream.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza metabolismus MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- kadmium analýza metabolismus MeSH
- olovo analýza metabolismus MeSH
- pstruh metabolismus MeSH
- řeky chemie MeSH
- rtuť analýza metabolismus MeSH
- svaly chemie metabolismus MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza metabolismus MeSH
- záplavy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
