In this study, we show the repetitive detection of toluene on a tapered optical fiber element (OFE) with an attached layer of Pseudomonas putida TVA8 bioluminescent bioreporters. The bioluminescent cell layer was attached on polished quartz modified with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). The repeatability of the preparation of the optical probe and its use was demonstrated with five differently shaped OFEs. The intensity of measured bioluminescence was minimally influenced by the OFE shape, possessing transmittances between 1.41% and 5.00%. OFE probes layered with P. putida TVA8 were used to monitor liquid toluene over a two-week period. It was demonstrated that OFE probes layered with positively induced P. putida TVA8 bioreporters were reliable detectors of toluene. A toluene concentration of 26.5 mg/L was detected after <30 min after immersion of the probe in the toluene solution. Additional experiments also immobilized constitutively bioluminescent cells of E. coli 652T7, on OFEs with polyethyleneimine (PEI). These OFEs were repetitively induced with Lauria-Bertani (LB) nutrient medium. Bioluminescence appeared 15 minutes after immersion of the OFE in LB. A change in pH from 7 to 6 resulted in a decrease in bioluminescence that was not restored following additional nutrient inductions at pH 7. The E. coli 652T7 OFE probe was therefore sensitive to negative influences but could not be repetitively used.
V tomto článku je prezentován smrtelný případ zneužití rozpouštědla. Čtyřicetiletý muž byl nalezen mrtvý ve svém domě s mnoha prázdnými vinylovými sáčky a lahvemi obsahujícími směs toluenu a metanolu v okolí. Pitva neprokázala žádné známky vnějšího poranění a vyloučila i fyzická onemocnění. Následné šetření odhalilo, že oběť dlouhodobě zneužívala toluen. V krvi ze stehenní žíly byla zjištěna koncentrace toluenu 20,1 mg/l, metanolu 210 mg/l a kyseliny mravenčí 25,2 mg/l. Nebyl detekován žádný etanol a screening léků pomocí TriageTM (Biosite Diagnostic, San Diego, CA) byl rovněž negativní. Koncentrace toluenu ve femorální krvi byla na letální úrovni a koncentrace metanolu byla v toxickém rozmezí. Těžká, relativně dlouhodobá expozice toluenu vyplývala z vysoké koncentrace kyseliny hippurové v moči (12,91 g/l). Z pitevních nálezů, výsledků toxikologického vyšetření a vyšetřování ze strany úřadů vyplývalo, že příčina smrti byla otrava toluenem a metanolem.
A fatal case of abuse of solvent containing mixture of toluene and methanol is presented. Concentrations of toluene, methanol and formic acid in a femoral venous blood sample were 20.1 mg/L, 210 mg/L and 25.2 mg/L, respectively. From the autopsy findings and toxicological examination, we concluded that the cause of death was poisoning by toluene and methanol.
- Klíčová slova
- kyselina mravenčí,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methanol analýza krev škodlivé účinky MeSH
- pitva MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * MeSH
- rozpouštědla * analýza škodlivé účinky MeSH
- smrt MeSH
- toluen * analýza krev škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
Online coupling of Lab-In-Syringe automated headspace extraction to gas chromatography has been studied. The developed methodology was successfully applied to surface water analysis using benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes as model analytes. The extraction system consisted of an automatic syringe pump with a 5 mL syringe into which all solutions and air for headspace formation were aspirated. The syringe piston featured a longitudinal channel, which allowed connecting the syringe void directly to a gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector via a transfer capillary. Gas injection was achieved via opening a computer-controlled pinch valve and compressing the headspace, upon which separation was initialized. Extractions were performed at room temperature; yet sensitivity comparable to previous work was obtained by high headspace to sample ratio VHS/VSample of 1.6:1 and injection of about 77% of the headspace. Assistance by in-syringe magnetic stirring yielded an about threefold increase in extraction efficiency. Interferences were compensated by using chlorobenzene as an internal standard. Syringe cleaning and extraction lasting over 10 min was carried out in parallel to the chromatographic run enabling a time of analysis of <19 min. Excellent peak area repeatabilities with RSD of <4% when omitting and <2% RSD when using internal standard corrections on 100 μg L-1 level were achieved. An average recovery of 97.7% and limit of detection of 1-2 μg L-1 were obtained in analyses of surface water.
- MeSH
- automatizace MeSH
- benzen analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- benzenové deriváty analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- limita detekce MeSH
- mikroextrakce na pevné fázi MeSH
- plamínková ionizace metody MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- toluen analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- voda chemie MeSH
- xyleny analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Personal exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in the three industrial cities in the Czech Republic, Ostrava, Karvina and Havirov, while the city of Prague served as a control in a large-scale molecular epidemiological study identifying the impacts of air pollution on human health. Office workers from Ostrava and city policemen from Karvina, Havirov and Prague were monitored in the winter and summer of 2009. Only adult non-smokers participated in the study (N=160). Radiello-diffusive passive samplers were used to measure the exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, meta- plus para-xylene and ortho-xylene (BTEX). All participants completed a personal questionnaire and a time-location-activity diary (TLAD). The average personal BTEX exposure levels in both seasons were 7.2/34.3/4.4/16.1 μg/m(3), respectively. The benzene levels were highest in winter in Karvina, Ostrava and Prague: 8.5, 7.2 and 5.3 μg/m(3), respectively. The personal exposures to BTEX were higher than the corresponding stationary monitoring levels detected in the individual localities (P<0.001; except m,p-xylene in summer). The indoor environment, ETS (environmental tobacco smoke), cooking, a home-heating fireplace or gas stove, automobile use and being in a restaurant were important predictors for benzene personal exposure. Ostrava's outdoor benzene pollution was a significant factor increasing the exposure of the Ostrava study participants in winter (P<0.05).
- MeSH
- benzen škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- benzenové deriváty škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- toluen škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- xyleny škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The study focuses on indoor air quality (microclimate and chemicals) in industrial premises. The health risk is determined. The model is presented for taking into consideration the concentration of chemicals in the air of the work environment and possible negative health effects. Practical examples and the results of measurements of microclimate and chemicals concentration in the workplace air in five industries (mechanical, printing, wood, plastic and clothing industries) are presented. The microclimate is under control except during very hot climate in summer. The chemicals are under control in printing, mechanical (except welding in closed workrooms), and clothing industry. The chemicals are often over the limits in wood processing industry and in some of the premises of plastic (manufacturing of rubber details) industry.
- MeSH
- butanoly analýza normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- chemický průmysl MeSH
- hodnocení rizik metody normy využití MeSH
- hygiena práce * MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí * analýza normy MeSH
- lesnictví MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- maximální přípustná koncentrace MeSH
- nebezpečné látky analýza MeSH
- nemoc vyvolaná prostředím prevence a kontrola MeSH
- polygrafie MeSH
- pracoviště MeSH
- pracovní expozice * normy prevence a kontrola statistika a číselné údaje škodlivé účinky MeSH
- prahové limitní hodnoty MeSH
- řízení bezpečnosti * metody normy MeSH
- styren analýza normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- textilní průmysl MeSH
- těžební a zpracovatelský průmysl MeSH
- toluen analýza normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- vlhkost normy MeSH
- xyleny analýza normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí * prevence a kontrola statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Results of a recent molecular epidemiological study of 1,3-butadiene (BD) exposed Czech workers, conducted to compare female to male responses, have confirmed and extended the findings of a previously reported males only study (HEI Research Report 116, 2003). The initial study found that urine concentrations of the metabolites 1,2-dihydroxy-4-(acetyl) butane (M1) and 1-dihydroxy-2-(N-acetylcysteinyl)-3-butene (M2) and blood concentrations of the hemoglobin adducts N-[2-hydroxy-3-butenyl] valine (HB-Val) and N-[2,3,4-trihydroxy-butyl] valine (THB-Val) constitute excellent biomarkers of exposure, both being highly correlated with BD exposure levels, and that GST genotypes modulate at least one metabolic pathway, but that irreversible genotoxic effects such as chromosome aberrations and HPRT gene mutations are neither associated with BD exposure levels nor with worker genotypes (GST [glutathione-S-transferase]-M1, GSTT1, CYP2E1 (5' promoter), CYP2E1 (intron 6), EH [epoxide hydrolase] 113, EH139, ADH [alcohol dehydrogenase]2 and ADH3). The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for chromosome aberrations and HPRT mutations was 1.794 mg/m(3) (0.812 ppm)--the mean exposure level for the highest exposed worker group in this initial study. The second Czech study, reported here, initiated in 2003, included 26 female control workers, 23 female BD exposed workers, 25 male control workers and 30 male BD exposed workers (some repeats from the first study). Multiple external exposure measurements (10 full 8-h shift measures by personal monitoring per worker) over a 4-month period before biological sample collections showed that BD workplace levels were lower than in the first study. Mean 8-h TWA exposure levels were 0.008 mg/m(3) (0.0035 ppm) and 0.397 mg/m(3) (0.180 ppm) for female controls and exposed, respectively, but with individual single 8-h TWA values up to 9.793 mg/m(3) (4.45 ppm) in the exposed group. Mean male 8-h TWA exposure levels were 0.007 mg/m(3) (0.0032 ppm) and 0.808 mg/m(3) (0.370 ppm) for controls and exposed, respectively; however, the individual single 8-h TWA values up to 12.583 mg/m(3) (5.72 ppm) in the exposed group. While the urine metabolite concentrations for both M1 and M2 were elevated in exposed compared to control females, the differences were not significant, possibly due to the relatively low BD exposure levels. For males, with greater BD exposures, the concentrations of both metabolites were significantly elevated in urine from exposed compared to control workers. As in the first study, urine metabolite excretion patterns in both sexes revealed conjugation to be the minor detoxification pathway (yielding the M2 metabolite) but both M1 and M2 concentration values were lower in males in this second study compared to their concentrations in the first, reflecting the lower external exposures of males in this second study compared to the first. Of note, females showed lower concentrations of both M1 and M2 metabolites in the urine per unit of BD exposure than did males while exhibiting the same M1/(M1+M2) ratio, reflecting the same relative utilization of the hydrolytic (producing M1) and the conjugation (producing M2) detoxification pathways as males. Assays for the N,N-(2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-butadyl) valine (pyr-Val) hemoglobin (Hb) adduct, which is specific for the highly genotoxic 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB) metabolite of BD, have been conducted on blood samples from all participants in this second Czech study. Any adduct that may have been present was below the limits of quantitation (LOQ) for this assay for all samples, indicating that production of this important BD metabolite in humans is below levels produced in both mice and rats exposed to as little as 1.0 ppm BD by inhalation (J.A. Swenberg, M.G. Bird, R.J. Lewis, Future directions in butadiene risk assessment, Chem. Biol. Int. (2006), this issue). Results of assays for the HB-Val and THB-Val hemoglobin adducts are pending. HPRT mutations, determined by cloning assays, and multiple measures of chromosome level changes (sister-chromatid exchanges [SCE], aberrations determined by conventional methods and FISH) again showed no associations with BD exposures, confirming the findings of the initial study that these irreversible genotoxic changes do not arise in humans occupationally exposed to low levels of BD. Except for lower production of both urine metabolites in females, no female-male differences in response to BD exposures were detected in this study. As in the initial study, there were no significant genotype associations with the irreversible genotoxic endpoints. However, as in the first, differences in the metabolic detoxification of BD as reflected in relative amounts of the M1 and M2 urinary metabolites were associated with genotypes, this time both GST and EH.
- MeSH
- acetylcystein analogy a deriváty moč MeSH
- benzen analýza MeSH
- butadieny aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- chemický průmysl * MeSH
- chromozomální aberace účinky léků MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- hemoglobiny metabolismus MeSH
- hypoxanthinfosforibosyltransferasa genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární epidemiologie MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
- pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- pracovní síly MeSH
- styren analýza MeSH
- toluen analýza MeSH
- výměna sesterských chromatid účinky léků genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
A multiinstitutional, transitional epidemiologic study was conducted with a worker population in the Czech Republic to evaluate the utility of a continuum of non-disease biological responses as biomarkers of exposure to 1,3-butadiene (BD)* in an industrial setting. The study site included two BD facilities in the Czech Republic. Institutions that collaborated in the study were the University of Vermont (Burlington, Vermont, USA); the Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology (Prague, the Czech Republic); Shell International Chemicals, BV (Amsterdam, The Netherlands); the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA); University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (Galveston, Texas, USA); Leiden University (Leiden, The Netherlands); and the Health and Safety Laboratory (Sheffield, United Kingdom). Male volunteer workers (83) participated in the study: 24 were engaged in BD monomer production, 34 in polymerization activities, and 25 plant administrative workers served as unexposed control subjects. The BD concentrations experienced by each exposed worker were measured by personal monitor on approximately ten separate occasions for 8-hour workshifts over a 60-day exposure assessment period before biological samples were collected. Coexposures to styrene, benzene, and toluene were also measured. The administrative control workers were considered to be a homogeneous, unexposed group for whom a series of 28 random BD measurements were taken during the exposure assessment period. Questionnaires were administered in Czech to all participants. At the end of the exposure assessment period, blood and urine samples were collected at the plant; samples were. fractionated, cryopreserved, and kept frozen in Prague until they were shipped to the appropriate laboratories for specific biomarker analysis. The following biomarkers were analyzed: * polymorphisms in genes involved in BD metabolism (Prague and Burlington); * urinary concentrations of 1-hydroxy-2-(N-acetylcysteinyl)-3-butene and 2-hydroxy-1-(N-acetylcysteinyl)-3-butene (M2 [refers to an isomeric mixture of both forms]) (Amsterdam); * urinary concentrations of 1,2-dihydroxy-4-(N-acetylcysteinyl)-butane (M1) (Amsterdam); * concentrations of the hemoglobin (Hb) adducts N-(1-[hydroxymethyl]-2-propenyl)valine and N-(2-hydroxy-3-butenyl)valine (HBVal [refers to an isomeric mixture of both forms]) (Amsterdam); * concentrations of the Hb adduct N-(2,3,4-trihydroxybutyl)valine (THBVal) (Chapel Hill); * T cell mutations in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene (autoradiographic assay in Galveston with slide review in Burlington; cloning assay in Leiden with mutational spectra determined in Burlington); and * chromosomal aberrations by the conventional method and by fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH]), and cytogenetic changes (sister chromatid exchanges [SCEs] (Prague). All assay analysts were blinded to worker and sample identity and remained so until all work in that laboratory had been completed and reported. Assay results were sent to the Biometry Facility in Burlington for statistical analyses. Analysis of questionnaire data revealed that the three exposure groups were balanced with respect to age and years of residence in the district, but the control group had significantly more education than the other two groups and included fewer smokers. Group average BD exposures were 0.023 mg/m3 (0.010 ppm) for the control group, 0.642 mg/m3 (0.290 ppm) for the monomer group, and 1.794 mg/m3 (0.812 ppm) for the polymer group; exposure levels showed considerable variability between and within individuals. Styrene exposures were significantly higher in the polymer group than in the other two groups. We found no statistically significant differences in the distributions of metabolic genotypes over the three exposure groups; genotype frequencies were consistent with those previously reported for this ethnic and national population. Although some specific genotypes were associated with quantitative differences in urinary metabolite concentrations or Hb adduct dose-response characteristics, none indicated a heightened susceptibility to BD. Concentrations of both the M2 and M1 urinary metabolites and both the HBVal and THBVal Hb adducts were significantly correlated with group and individual mean BD exposure levels; the Hb adducts were more strongly correlated than the urinary metabolites. By contrast, no significant relations were observed between BD exposures and HPRT gene mutations (whether determined by the auto-radiographic or the cloning method) or any of the cytogenetic biomarkers (whether determined by the conventional method or FISH analysis). Neither the mutational nor the cytogenetic responses showed any association with genotypes. The molecular spectrum of HPRT mutations in BD-exposed workers showed a high frequency of deletions; but the same result was found in the unexposed control subjects, which suggests that these were not due to BD exposure. This lack of association between BD exposures and genetic effects persisted even when control subjects were excluded from the analyses or when we conducted regression analyses of individual workers exposed to different levels of BD.
- MeSH
- benzen analýza metabolismus MeSH
- biologické markery analýza MeSH
- butadieny krev metabolismus moč MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- hemoglobiny účinky léků MeSH
- hypoxanthinfosforibosyltransferasa genetika MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfocyty ultrastruktura MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický MeSH
- pracovní expozice analýza statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průmysl MeSH
- styren analýza metabolismus MeSH
- toluen analýza metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Interní grantové agentury MZ ČR
Přeruš. str. : il. ; 32 cm
Vypracovat kombinaciklin.neurol.vyš.a komplexního elektrofysiol.vyš.(EMG,VEP,SSEP,MEP) jako standard pro individ.diagnostiku a epidem.studie v neurotoxikologii.Postup je vhodný pro včasnou diagnostiku,diff.dg.,posudkové a forensní účely.
- MeSH
- elektrofyziologie metody trendy MeSH
- neurotoxiny toxicita analýza MeSH
- otrava rtutí diagnóza MeSH
- toluen toxicita analýza MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
- zrakové evokované potenciály MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Konspekt
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- NLK Obory
- toxikologie
- neurovědy
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR
