We systematically reviewed the literature and summarized oncologic and safety outcomes for endoscopic management (EM) compared to radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Studies comparing oncologic and/or safety results for EM versus RNU in patients with UTUC were included in our review. Overall, 13 studies met the criteria, and five studies were included in a meta-analysis using adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and bladder recurrence-free survival (BRFS). EM was associated similar OS (HR 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75-2.16), CSS (HR 1.37, 95% CI 0.99-1.91), and BRFS (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.61-1.55) to RNU, while 28-85% of patients treated with EM experienced upper tract recurrence across the studies. EM required more interventions with a higher cumulative risk of complications and lower likelihood of renal preservation. In summary, EM for low-grade UTUC had comparable survival outcomes to RNU at the cost of higher local recurrence rates resulting in a need for long-term rigorous surveillance and repeated interventions. PATIENT SUMMARY: For selected cases of cancer in the upper urinary tract, surgical treatment via a telescope inserted through the urethra or the skin (endoscope) results in cancer control outcomes that are comparable to those after removal of the kidney and ureter. However, because of its higher rate of local recurrence, this approach requires repeated endoscopic treatment sessions. Patients should be well informed about these issues to help in shared decision-making.

• MeSH
• karcinom z přechodných buněk * chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * chirurgie   MeSH
• nefroureterektomie metody   MeSH
• ureter * chirurgie   MeSH
• ureteroskopie škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of ureteric injuries, clinical value of prophylactic ureteric stenting and impact of intra- or postoperative detection of ureteric injuries in patients treated with gynaecological or colorectal surgery. METHODS: Multiple databases were searched for articles published before September 2021 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they evaluated the differences in the rate of ureteric injuries between laparoscopic and open surgery, prophylactic ureteric stenting or not, and those of final treatment success between intra- and postoperative detection in patients who underwent gynaecological or colorectal surgery. RESULTS: Overall, 46 studies were eligible for this meta-analysis. Compared to open surgery, laparoscopic hysterectomy was associated with a higher incidence of ureteric injuries (pooled odds ratio [OR] 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71-2.62), but there was no statistically significant difference in colectomy (pooled OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.77-1.03). Prophylactic ureteric stenting was associated with a lower incidence of ureteric injuries during gynaecological surgery (pooled OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39-0.96). The number needed to perform ureteric stenting to prevent one ureteric injury was 224 in gynaecological surgery. On the other hand, prophylactic ureteric stenting did not reduce the risk of ureteric injuries during colorectal surgery. Intraoperative detection of a ureteric injury was associated with a lower rate of complication management failure compared to postoperative detection (pooled OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.12-0.41). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic hysterectomy seems to be associated with a higher rate of ureteric injuries compared to an open approach. Prophylactic ureteric stenting seems to reduce this risk during gynaecological surgery. Intraoperative detection of a ureteric injury during abdominal/pelvic surgery improves outcomes, suggesting the need for awareness and proactive problem identification. Further well-designed studies assessing the candidates who are more likely to benefit from prophylactic ureteric stenting including cost analysis are needed.

• MeSH
• gynekologické chirurgické výkony MeSH
• iatrogenní nemoci epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• laparoskopie * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ureter * chirurgie   zranění   MeSH
• urologické nemoci * chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hysterektomie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nefrotomie MeSH
• peritonitida * diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• roboticky asistované výkony MeSH
• ureter * chirurgie   patologie   zranění   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Ileus je jedna z nejzávažnějších diagnóz ze skupiny náhlých příhod břišních. Nemalá část nemocných trpících některými formami střevní neprůchodnosti reaguje dobře na konzervativní léčbu. Avšak v některých situacích může dojít k prodlení rozpoznání ileu strangulačního s následnou vysokou morbiditou a mortalitou v těchto případech. Naše práce prezentuje kazuistiku 81leté pacientky, u které se rozvinula neprůchodnost střevní krátce po stentáži ureteru, provedené pro obstrukční hydroureteronefrózu. Příčinou strangulace kliček tenkého střeva bylo atypické uložení pravostranného ureteru v dutině břišní. Ileus má několik typů. Podle příčiny se dá rozdělit na mechanický, neurogenní a cévní.

Ileus is one of the most severe diagnoses of the group of acute abdomen events. Some patients with certain forms of bowel obstruction respond well to conservative therapy. However, the diagnosis of strangulation ileus can be delayed in some situations, resulting in high morbidity and mortality in such cases. Our paper presents the case of an 81-year-old female patient who developed an ileus shortly after ureteral stent placement due to obstructive hydroureteronephrosis. The strangulation of the small intestine was caused by an atypical position of the right ureter in the abdominal cavity.

• Klíčová slova
• strangulační ileus,
• MeSH
• iatrogenní nemoci MeSH
• ileus * chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• stenty * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• střevní obstrukce chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   MeSH
• tenké střevo chirurgie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• ureter chirurgie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and long-term outcomes of pyelovesicostomy as an alternative surgical treatment for complex ureteral lesions after kidney transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted on 5 adult kidney transplant recipients who underwent pyelovesicostomy between January 2000 and June 2023. The collected data included patient demographics, surgery indication, time from transplant to pyelovesicostomy, procedure details, and kidney function at various time points after surgery. Primary outcomes were allograft function and complications. RESULTS: The 5 patients (4 female, 1 male) had a mean age of 65.8 years and mean body mass index of 26.8. Indications were complex ureteral lesions. The time between transplant and reoperation ranged from 4 days to 12 years. Renal function improved for all patients, with a progressive decrease in mean serum creatinine concentration. The mean follow-up period extended to 7 years. One patient died with the graft still functional at 20 years after the operation, whereas the remaining 4 patients continue to live with functional grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that pyelovesicostomy may provide a potent alternative for the management of complex ureteral lesions after kidney transplant. We have observed good short-term and long-term outcomes in specific patients, pointing toward a promising avenue oftreatment worth further exploration. This reaffirms the importance of a personalized approach in medicine, to consider each patient's unique conditions and characteristics during therapeutic decisions.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transplantace ledvin * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• ureter * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

Dilatace kalichopánvičkového systému je nejčastěji zjišťovanou abnormitou při prenatálním a postnatálním ultrazvukovém screeningu ledvin a močových cest. Často je doprovázena také rozšířením močovodu (megaureter). Ve více než 60 % případů nález spontánně mizí s věkem v důsledku vyzrávání uropoetického systému. Pokud ne, podílí se na etiologii dilatace (mimo vezikoureterální reflux) zejména vrozené překážky v odtoku moči. Jejich obvyklou lokalizací je oblast pelviureterálního a vezikoureterálního přechodu, převážně se přitom jedná o faktory intraluminální. Z celkově méně často zastoupených extraluminálních příčin obstrukce se v praxi nejčastěji setkáváme s křížící aberantní cévou utlačující ureter v jeho subrenálním průběhu. V těchto případech odstupuje aberantní tepna z aorty a směřuje mimo oblast cévního hilu k dolnímu pólu ledviny, pro který je hlavním zdrojem cévního zásobení. V místě křížení ureteru pak může znesnadňovat jeho průchodnost (1). Prezentovaná kazuistika popisuje zcela výjimečnou příčinu symptomatické obstrukce močových cest cévní etiologie - atypické křížení a útlak ureteru ovarickými cévami.

Pelvicalyceal dilatation is the most common abnormity identified in ultrasound screening of the urinary tract. Often it is accompanied by dilatation of the ureter too (megaureter). In more than 60% of all cases this finding disappears with age due to maturation of the urinary tract. Otherwise, there are mainly congenital narrowings paticipating in the etiology of dilatation (except for vesicoureteral reflux). It ́s usual location is the pelviureteral and vesicoureteral junction and most of them are represented by intraluminal factors. As regards extraluminal causes of obstruction most often we can see aberant vessels crossing ureter in it ́s subrenal course. In these cases the aberant vessel is a branch of the aorta and points toward lower pole of the kidney as the main source of its blood suply. At the site of crossing the ureter there may be a difficult outflow of the urine. Our case represents an extraordinary cause of the symptomatic vascular obstruction of the urinary tract - atypical crossing and oppression of the ureter by ovaric vessels.

• MeSH
• dilatace patologická * chirurgie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• ledvinná pánvička abnormality   MeSH
• ledvinné kalichy abnormality   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obstrukce močovodu * chirurgie   diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• ovarium chirurgie   krevní zásobení   patologie   MeSH
• ureter abnormality   chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

CONTEXT: The question of the ability of frozen section analysis (FSA) to accurately detect malignant pathology intraoperatively has been discussed for many decades. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the diagnostic estimates of FSA of the urethral and ureteral margins in patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer (BCa). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched in February 2021 for studies analyzing the association between FSA and the final urethral and ureteral margin status in patients treated with RC for BCa. The primary endpoint was the value of pathologic detection of urethral and ureteral malignant involvement with FSA during RC compared with the final margin status. We included studies that provided true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative values for FSA, which allowed us to calculate the diagnostic estimates. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Fourteen studies, comprising 8208 patients, were included in the quantitative synthesis. Forest plots revealed that the pooled sensitivity and specificity for FSA of urethral margins during RC were 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38-0.97) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.91-0.97), respectively. While for the FSA of ureteral margins, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.77 (95% CI 0.67-0.84) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.98), respectively. Calculated diagnostic odds ratios indicated high FSA effectiveness, and patients with a positive urethral or ureteral margin at final pathology are over 100 times more likely to have positive FSA than patients without margin involvement at final pathology. Area under the curves of 96.6% and 96.7% were reached for FSA detection of urethral and ureteral tumor involvement, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative FSA demonstrated high diagnostic performance in detecting both urethral and ureteral malignant involvement at the time of RC for BCa. FSA of both urethral and ureteral margins during RC is accurate enough to be of great value in the routine management of BCa patients treated with RC. While its specificity was great to guide intraoperative decision-making, its sensitivity remains suboptimal yet. PATIENT SUMMARY: We believe that the frozen section analysis of both urethral and ureteral margins during radical cystectomy should be considered more often in urologic practice, until quality of life-based cost-effectiveness studies can identify patients within each institution who are unlikely to benefit from it.

• MeSH
• cystektomie MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * diagnóza   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• resekční okraje MeSH
• ureter * patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• zmrazené řezy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate factors that may predict a negative ureteroscopy (URS) performed for ureteric calculi in prestented patients and to assess preoperative imaging in reducing the rate of negative URS. METHODS: Data were collected on emergency stent placement for a ureteric calculus from April 2011 to February 2016 (Group A) and October 2016 to October 2019 (Group B). Data included patient demographics, indication for a stent, stone characteristics, baseline bloods, urine culture, readmission, negative URS rate and the use of pre-URS imaging. Multivariate logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of 257 patients who underwent emergency stent insertion, 251 underwent deferred URS for a ureteric calculus and 6 avoided URS due to pre-URS imaging. Indications for stent were pain (42%), sepsis (39%) and acute kidney injury (19%). Mean stone size was 7.8mm, mean stone density was 699 Hounsfield units (HU) and the stone locations were upper (62%), mid (13%) and lower ureter (25%). The overall negative URS rate was 12%. The negative URS rate was lower in patients with pre-URS imaging compared with those with none, 6% and 14%, respectively (OR=2.33, 95% CI: 0.69-7.56, p=0.2214). Logistic regression analysis indicated stone size as the only significant predictor of a negative URS, where the greater the size of the stone the less likely URS would be negative (β=0.75, 95% CI: 0.60-0.94 p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Utilising pre-URS imaging can lead to a reduction in negative URS rate. Stone size <5mm appears to be the subgroup most likely to benefit from imaging.

• MeSH
• kameny v močovodu * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• ledvinové kameny * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• močové kameny * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• ureter * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• ureteroskopie metody   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• adenomyóza chirurgie   MeSH
• endometrióza * chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   klasifikace   MeSH
• laparoskopie metody   MeSH
• močový měchýř chirurgie   MeSH
• peritoneum chirurgie   MeSH
• předoperační vyšetření normy   MeSH
• tlusté střevo chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• ureter chirurgie   MeSH
• ženská infertilita chirurgie   etiologie   klasifikace   MeSH

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this article was to identify quality indicators for an optimized management of high-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) requiring radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). RECENT FINDINGS: RNU with bladder cuff resection is the standard treatment of high-risk UTUC. For the bladder cuff resection, two main approaches are accepted: transvesical and extravesical. Lymph node dissection following a dedicated template should be performed in all high-risk patients undergoing RNU as it improves tumour staging and possibly survival. Postoperative bladder instillation of single-dose chemotherapy should be administered after RNU to decrease the risk of intravesical tumour recurrence. Perioperative systemic chemotherapy should always be considered for advanced cancers. Although level-1 evidence is available for adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy, neoadjuvant regimens are still being evaluated. SUMMARY: Optimal management of high-risk UTUC requires evidence-based reproducible quality indicators in order to allow guidance and frameworks for clinical practices. Adherence to quality indicators allows for the measurement and comparison of outcomes that are likely to improve prognosis. Based on the literature, we found four evidence-based accepted quality indicators that are easily implementable to improve the management of high-risk UTUC patients treated with RNU: adequate management of the distal ureter/ bladder cuff, template-based lymph node dissection, single-shot postoperative intravesical chemotherapy, and perioperative systemic treatment.

• MeSH
• karcinom z přechodných buněk * chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru epidemiologie   MeSH
• nádory ledvin * chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory močovodu * chirurgie   MeSH
• nefroureterektomie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• ukazatele kvality zdravotní péče MeSH
• ureter * chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH