Background: Hyperthyroidism is a disease of the thyroid gland characterized by elevated levels of thyroid hormones. It is present in 0.5-2% of patients and is ten times more common in women. For patients who have severe symptoms of hyperthyroidism or with a significant risk of complications, antithyroid drugs are recommended, the effect of which affects the duration of the disease. Objectives: The goal of this study is to determine the frequency and duration of hyperthyroidism depending on the therapeutic treatment in endocrinological patients. Methods: The study is retrospective, clinical, performed in the period 01.01.2019.- 01.08.2019. at the Endocrinology Counseling Center of the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo (KCUS). In a seven-month period of 2002 patients of both sex, 37 patients with hyperthyroidism were analyzed. Data were taken from specialist findings from the Hospital Information System (BIS) of the Endocrinology Counseling Center of the Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Endocrinology. None of the patients were excluded from the study. In all hyperthyroid patients data on gender, age, duration of hyperthyroidism, type of thyrostatics, presence of elevated thyroid antibody titer, and thyroid ultrasound were analyzed from the medical findings. Results: Out of the 2002 endocrinological patients, 37 or 1.85% were diagnosed with hyperthyreosis. Out of 37 patients, 32 (86%) were females and 5 (14%) males, aged 25-89 years. There were 25 patients on thiamazole and 12 on propylthiouracil therapy. The average duration of hyperthyroidism was 22.9 months. There were 23 patients in remission. The average remission lasted 5.9 months (maximum 16, minimum 1 month). Anti thyroglobulin antibodies (anti TgAt) were elevated in 20 patients, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti TPOAt) were elevated in 12 patients, while thyrotropin receptor antibodies (anti TSHRAt) were increased in 20 patients. Conclusion: According to our study, hyperthyroidism is frequent and patients in our counseling center stay on medical treatment longer than recommended, because they avoid definitive treatment of hyperthyroidism (radioactive iodine, surgery). Further studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina should monitor the frequency of hyperthyroidism with a larger number of samples, and the frequency of side effects in drug therapy of hyperthyroidism in order to prove the benefits and limitations of definitive treatment.
Background: It is generally accepted that the most serious complication of diabetes melitus is diabetic kidney disease. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic and end-stage kidney disease and multiple complications including cardiovascular disease, infection, and death. Objective: The aim of our study was to detect the development and/or progression of the main complications related to diabetes, that are associated with the subsequent development of renal dysfunction. Methods: This prospective cohort study that included 97 participants with diabetes mellitus of both the genders mean age 58.3 ± 14.4 years, lasted for one year. Patients were divided into two groups: 74 with some form of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 23 without CKD at baseline. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or the presence of albuminuria. Results: We treated 97 diabetics, 50 males (51%) and 47 femles (49%). The mean diabetes duration was 10.5 years. Six (6.2%) patients were type 1 DM and 91 (93.8%) were type 2 DM. The group with eGFR <60 mL / min/1.73 m2 showed a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease (p <0.001) dyslipidemia (p = 0.0016), mean C reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.002) mean duration of diabetes was longer (p = 0.003), higher serum creatinine (p <0.003). The prevalence of albuminuria (micro or macroalbuminuria) was high in patients with advanced CKD (86,5%). The progression rate to macroalbuminuria was 81% at the end of follow –up and 18.2 % of diabetic patients had progressed to microalbuminuria from normalbuminuria. There was no deterioration in renal function in the group of patients with eGFR >60 mL/min., at the end of the study. Worsening of CKD at the end of follow-up was observed in 14.5% of diabetics, all with eGFR <60 ml / min / 1.73 m2, of whom six (10.9%) required initiation of renal replacement therapy. Conclusion Among our subjects with diabetes, the overall prevalence of diabetic kidney disease did not change significantly, while the prevalence of albuminuria increased and the prevalence of decreased eGFR increased.
Background: The concept of scientific research is based on the use of scientific principles by passing through the appropriate and necessary steps and division of certain sections of the final written presentation of the results of the study. Before writing their papers in the form for sumiting on web site of the journal, authors need to write and prepare their papers with appropriate structured BOMRAD form, following template and instructions for authors which every journal deposited on its web site and published in printed form in every issue. Instructions and template are designed according the rules of ICMJE, COPE and EASE. Authors of the papers have obligation to sign documents: Copyright Assignment Form, Author's Contribution Form, and also declarations about Patients Consent Form, Conflict of Interest and Financial Support and Sponsorship statements. Objective: The aim of this paper was to describe proper elements how paper must be structured by BOMRAD Form, because almost all databases now request it, especialy if database deposits paper's full text, like does it PubMed Central. Also, author decribed importance of correctly use of appropriate styles of citation of the references in writen paper. Methods: Author used descriptive method of analyzing advantages of following rules and recommendations in Guidelines of ICMJE, EASE nad COPE, which intend to avoid plagiarsim and other kind of un-ethical author's bahavior. Results and Discussion: This paper covered regulations how and what any author need to read and know before decide to write its paper for potential publishing in some of the indexed journals. Authors need to respect rules and recommendations described in Instructions for authors, especially write its papers using BOMRAD structure form in design of the text, correct citation of used references and strictly keep themselfs from un-ethical behaviors, regarding authorship, affiliations and plagiarism. Every author must add in his/her paper ORCID ID, because it can help to reviewers and editors to manage the paper during its processing (editing, checking plagiarism, making assessment of the contents quality, etc.). All deposited papers in some of on-line databases will be evaluated by some of scientometric or bibliometric indexes. On-line databases have great influence to development of the papers quality by mesuring scientific contents of published papers using IF, Scopus h-Index, Google Scholar Index, etc,, because every academic or scientific institution, when making election in some of academic or scientific title, check it. Conclusion: BOMRAD Form of writing papers is sine quanon, and every author need to use it. H-Index and Google Scholar indexes presents a set of valuable measures to determine scientific excellence, and the h-Index is a better measure than a citation impact factor (IF). But, in the cases when somebody want to compare or assess academic or scientific quality of applicants for funding, promotions to some academic title, or prizes, other factors must be considered.
Background: The mental health and wellbeing of whole societies have been severely impacted by this crisis. Psychological distress is at the high level due to fear of infections, death, isolation, deep uncertainty about the future, wellbeing and national economics.Objective: The aim of this paper is to analyse resources, human and technological for installation of tele-health as a first step to minimize mental health consequences of the pandemic. Methods: In this paper we describe how experts from the Medical Informatics at two universities (in Sarajevo and Zagreb), worked on adapting psychological tele-counselling and its application during the COVID-19 and make healthcare system faster and safer and better responding to the chalanges. Results and Discussion: More than 90% professionals included in the research use Viber or WhatsApp are using those applications in private relations, but only 15% of them for official communication healthcare related. Less than 10% mental-health and social care institutions have proper ICT user support or monitoring tolls and methodology in place. Research discovered that 85% of professionals in the institutions involved consider continuous training as a must for delivering proper tele-care. Conclusion: Providing psychological first aid is an essential care component for populations that have been victims of emergencies and disasters, before, during and after the event.
Background: There is great need to improve editing of medical journals, both on regional and global level. Objective: The aim of our article was to establish main principles of editing biomedical scientific journals based on evidence found through systematic search of scientific literature. Methods: The evidence for writing this Guideline was systematically searched for during June 2020 in the PUBMED and GOOGLE SCHOLAR databases. The inclusion criteria were: original studies, systematic reviews, invited expert opinions, guidelines and editorials. The exclusion criteria were narrative reviews and un-invited opinion articles. Results: In total 11 recommendations were made, based mostly on A and B class of evidence. The editors should educate potential authors and instruct them how to structure their manuscript, how to write every segment of the manuscript, and take care about correct use of statistical tests. Plagiarism detection softwares should be used regularly, and statistical and technical editing should be rigorous and thorough. International standards of reporting specific types of studies should be followed, and principles of ethical and responsible behaviour of editors, reviewers and authors should be published on the journal’s web site. Conclusion: Evidence-based principles of editing biomedical scientific journals should be followed by chief editors of the journals as a prerequisite of the journals’ quality improvement.
Background: Depth and orientation of concentric needle electrode (CNE) insertion during the needle electromyography (EMG) might have influences on motor unit potentials (MUPs). Objective: To examine whether the depth of CNE insertion in m.vastus lateralis significantly affects PMU parameters in patients with myopathy (muscular dystrophy) and neuropathy (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy). Methods: In order to analyze influences of depth and orientation of insertion of CNE, 11 patients with different neuromuscular disorders (8 with myopathies, and 3 with neuropathies) were examined. MUAPs parameters were compared after automatic (depths of perpendicular CNE insertion were 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 cm in MVL) and manual method of extraction (0 and 1.5 cm). Results: MVL MUAP analysis (with typically changed MUPs features, especially duration) in patients with different neuromuscular disorders (neuropathies, myopathies) showed similar results like in healthy volunteers. Automated analysis of MVL in patients with myopathies showed irregular changes of the most of MUAPs parameters, especially duration. With depth of needle insertion, duration of MUAPs recorded with CNE and it’s componentes is not changed signifficantly, but that was not case with amplitude and area. Conclusion: A discrepancy between MUAPs parameters detected with manual and automatic methods is confirmed. We think that it is necessary to use specific standards for patients with neuropathic and myopathic diseases.
Background: The World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki explicitely requires registration of a study involving human subjects before its onset. The registration creates an opportunity for improvement of design and avoidance of bias. Objective: The aim of this article was to elaborate a need for creating regional registry of clinical studies for Balkan countries. Methods: Available international, national and regional registries were searched for in PUBMED database and by general purpose search engines like Google or Yahoo. The following types of publications were included in the survey: original studies, case studies, case reports, narrative reviews, commentaries and expert opinions. Results. The most important international registries of research involving human subjects are „ClinicalTrials.gov“ dabase of US National Institute of Health, the World Health Organization's „International Clinical Trials Registry Platform“, PROSPERO and Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and the Research Registry, focusing on observational studies. National registries were established in Japan, South Korea, Sri Lanka, China, and others countries, while European Union has the most elaborate of regional registries. National and regional registries performe better than large international ones: the registrations are more complete, and researchers are more aware of their obigation to pre-register a clinical study. Conclusions. There is great need for one regional registry of clinical studies for Balkan countries, which would suit well the whole region, considering great socio-economic, cultural and lingual similarities of the Balkan countries.
- MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předběžná registrace publikace * MeSH
- publikační zkreslení MeSH
- publikování etika MeSH
- vědecká komunikace etika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Balkánský poloostrov MeSH
Background: The Spanish flu of 1918 and 100 years later, the COVID 19 pandemic, paralyzed the entire world, causing numerous casualties and halting life flows. Although there is a hundred-year gap between them, the facts indicate that both pandemics are of viral origin, which primarily attack the respiratory system, but affect different age groups, have a similar course, different mortality. 20-50 million people died from the Spanish flu and 1.6 million from COVID-19. Prevention has remained almost the same after 100 years. Objectives: The aim of this article is to evaluate new findings on COVID-19 based on the Spanish flu paradigm, comparing these two pandemics. including scientific research in the field of virology and epidemiology related to this issue. Methods: The available literature was searched and facts analyzed using the keywords: Spanish flu, COVID-19, commenting on the results of scientific studies according to the EBM, regarding the prevention and treatment of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results and discussion: Numerous pieces of evidence unequivocally prove that these are viral pandemics caused by different viruses, Spanish flu with H1N1 virus and COVID-19 with SARS -CoV- 2 virus. Two waves of the epidemic COVID- 19 , the second, despite measures taken, surprises with intensity and speed of spread. With numerous human casualties and huge economic suspicions, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the clinical picture, the unpredictability of development of the disease, the rate of virus mutation, access to treatment and vaccination. Conclusion : Comparing the two pandemics, the one from 1918 (Spanish flu) and today’s, COVID-19, a hundred years later it is clear that the former had a significantly higher number of victims, compared to today (20-50 million : 1.6 million). Economic losses are immeasurably greater during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the scale of the economic catastrophe will add up years later. The consequences of lockdown, the loss of loved ones, the consequences of illness, economic uncertainty, job loss, fear of an impending epidemic are numerous mental illnesses, depression, in short - life before and after COVID-19 will never be the same again.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie virologie MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- kontrola infekčních nemocí metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pandemie španělské chřipky 1918-1919 * dějiny mortalita MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- historické články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum * MeSH
- COVID-19 MeSH
- kongresy jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- periodika jako téma MeSH
- vědecká komunikace trendy MeSH
- zdravotnické služby trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakty MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Balkánský poloostrov MeSH
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * dějiny MeSH
- kontrola infekčních nemocí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurochirurgové MeSH
- připravenost na pandemii MeSH
- testování na COVID-19 MeSH
- vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- osobní vyprávění MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
