PURPOSE: To assess country-level trends in the prevalence of daily consumption of sugary (2002-2018) and diet (2006-2018) soft drinks among European adolescents, overall and by family material affluence. METHODS: We used 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018 data from the 'Health Behaviour in School-aged Children' survey. Nationally representative samples of adolescents completed a standardised questionnaire at school, including a short food frequency questionnaire (n = 530,976 and 21 countries for sugary soft drinks; n = 61,487 and 4 countries for diet soft drinks). We classified adolescents into three socioeconomic categories for each country and survey year, using the Family Affluence Scale. Multilevel logistic models estimated time trends, by country. RESULTS: Sugary soft drinks: the prevalence of daily consumption (≥ 1×/day) declined in 21/21 countries (Plinear trends ≤ 0.002). Absolute [range - 31.7 to - 3.4% points] and relative [range - 84.8 to - 22.3%] reductions varied considerably across countries, with the largest declines in Ireland, England and Norway. In 3/21 countries, the prevalence of daily consumption decreased more strongly in the most affluent adolescents than in the least affluent ones (P ≤ 0.002). Daily consumption was more prevalent among the least affluent adolescents in 11/21 countries in 2018 (P ≤ 0.002). Diet soft drinks: overall, daily consumption decreased over time in 4/4 countries (Plinear trends ≤ 0.002), more largely among the most affluent adolescents in 1/4 country (P ≤ 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Daily consumption of sugary and diet soft drinks in European adolescents decreased between 2002 (2006 for diet drinks) and 2018. Public health interventions should continue discouraging daily soft drink consumption, particularly among adolescents from lower socioeconomic groups.
BACKGROUND: Children are becoming less physically active as opportunities for safe active play, recreational activities, and active transport decrease. At the same time, sedentary screen-based activities both during school and leisure time are increasing. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate physical activity (PA), screen time, and sleep duration of girls and boys aged 6-9 years in Europe using data from the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). METHOD: The fourth COSI data collection round was conducted in 2015-2017, using a standardized protocol that included a family form completed by parents with specific questions about their children's PA, screen time, and sleep duration. RESULTS: Nationally representative data from 25 countries was included and information on the PA behaviour, screen time, and sleep duration of 150,651 children was analysed. Pooled analysis showed that: 79.4% were actively playing for >1 h each day, 53.9% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 50.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 60.2% engaged in screen time for <2 h/day, and 84.9% slept for 9-11 h/night. Country-specific analyses of these behaviours showed pronounced differences, with national prevalences in the range of 61.7-98.3% actively playing for >1 h/day, 8.2-85.6% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 17.7-94.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 32.3-80.0% engaged in screen time for <2 h/day, and 50.0-95.8% slept for 9-11 h/night. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of engagement in PA and the achievement of healthy screen time and sleep duration are heterogenous across the region. Policymakers and other stakeholders, including school administrators and parents, should increase opportunities for young people to participate in daily PA as well as explore solutions to address excessive screen time and short sleep duration to improve the overall physical and mental health and well-being of children.
- MeSH
- čas strávený před obrazovkou MeSH
- cvičení * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících epidemiologie MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- rodiče MeSH
- školy MeSH
- spánek * MeSH
- sporty MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- volnočasové aktivity MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
BACKGROUND: High intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contributes to detrimental cardio-metabolic indicators in youth. Monitoring of SSB consumption is lacking in Eastern Europe. OBJECTIVES: We assessed trends in the prevalence of adolescent daily consumption of SSBs in 14 Eastern European countries between 2002 and 2018, both overall and according to family material affluence. METHODS: We used 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018 data of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children school-based study (repeated cross-sectional). Nationally representative samples of adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years were included (n = 325,184; 51.2% girls). Adolescents completed a standardized questionnaire, including a question on SSB consumption frequency. We categorized adolescents into 3 socioeconomic groups based on the relative Family Affluence Scale (FAS). Adjusted prevalences of daily SSB consumption by survey year, as well as country-level time trends between 2002 and 2018, were computed using multilevel logistic models (overall and by FAS groups). RESULTS: In 2018, the prevalence of adolescents consuming SSBs every day varied considerably between countries (range, 5.1%-28.1%). Between 2002 and 2018, the prevalence of daily SSB consumption declined in 10/14 countries (P for linear trends ≤ 0.004). The largest reductions were observed in Slovenia (OR, 0.48; 95% CI: 0.45-0.50) and the Russian Federation (OR, 0.67; 95% CI: 0.64-0.70). Daily SSB consumption was reduced at faster rates among the most affluent adolescents (who were larger consumers in 2002) than in the least affluent adolescents in 11/14 countries (P for linear trends ≤ 0.004). Thus, differences between FAS groups narrowed over time or even reversed, leading to larger proportions of daily consumers in the least affluent adolescents in 2018 in 5/14 countries (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent daily consumption of SSBs decreased between 2002 and 2018 in most Eastern European countries. Declines were larger among higher-affluence adolescents. These results are useful to evaluate and plan interventions promoting healthy childhood diets.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cukrem slazené nápoje * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- fyziologie výživy mladistvých MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- sběr dat MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory * MeSH
- výběrové chování * MeSH
- výživa - přehledy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- východní Evropa MeSH
In 2015-2017, the fourth round of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) was conducted in 36 countries. National representative samples of children aged 6-9 (203,323) were measured by trained staff, with similar equipment and using a standardized protocol. This paper assesses the children's body weight status and compares the burden of childhood overweight, obesity, and thinness in Northern, Eastern, and Southern Europe and Central Asia. The results show great geographic variability in height, weight, and body mass index. On average, the children of Northern Europe were the tallest, those of Southern Europe the heaviest, and the children living in Central Asia the lightest and the shortest. Overall, 28.7% of boys and 26.5% of girls were overweight (including obesity) and 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively, were thin according to the WHO definitions. The prevalence of obesity varied from 1.8% of boys and 1.1% of girls in Tajikistan to 21.5% and 19.2%, respectively, in Cyprus, and tended to be higher for boys than for girls. Levels of thinness, stunting, and underweight were relatively low, except in Eastern Europe (for thinness) and in Central Asia. Despite the efforts to halt it, unhealthy weight status is still an important problem in the WHO European Region.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hubenost * epidemiologie MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadváha epidemiologie MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic differences in children's food habits are a key public health concern. In order to inform policy makers, cross-country surveillance studies of dietary patterns across socioeconomic groups are required. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and children's food habits. METHODS: The study was based on nationally representative data from children aged 6-9 years (n = 129,164) in 23 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Multivariate multilevel analyses were used to explore associations between children's food habits (consumption of fruit, vegetables, and sugar-containing soft drinks) and parental education, perceived family wealth and parental employment status. RESULTS: Overall, the present study suggests that unhealthy food habits are associated with lower SES, particularly as assessed by parental education and family perceived wealth, but not parental employment status. We found cross-national and regional variation in associations between SES and food habits and differences in the extent to which the respective indicators of SES were related to children's diet. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic differences in children's food habits exist in the majority of European and Asian countries examined in this study. The results are of relevance when addressing strategies, policy actions, and interventions targeting social inequalities in children's diets.
- MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- rodiče MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in the prevalence of weight reduction behaviors (WRBs) among European adolescents from 26 countries between 2001/2002 and 2017/2018. The impact of the perception of body weight on WLB was also analyzed, with particular attention being paid to overestimation. METHODS: The data of 639,194 European adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years who participated in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey were analyzed. Age-standardized prevalence rates of WRB were estimated separately by survey round and gender for each country, using the overall 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study population as the standard. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess WRB trends over time, adjusted for survey year, body mass index, body weight misperception, and family affluence and stratified by gender and age. RESULTS: In the 26 countries examined, the overall age-adjusted prevalence rates of WRB were 10.2% among boys and 18.0% among girls. The prevalence of WRB was higher for girls, but in the more recent surveys, gender differences in WRB decreased. There was a significant increase in the percentage of WRB among boys in most countries. Among girls, most countries did not experience significant changes. Increases in body mass index and overestimation of body weight were significant factors increasing the risk of WRB in both genders. CONCLUSIONS: The change in the prevalence of WRB by gender warrants greater attention from researchers and practitioners alike.
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých psychologie MeSH
- dieta psychologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hmotnostní úbytek * MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- percepce tíže * MeSH
- představa o vlastním těle psychologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- redukční dieta MeSH
- sebepojetí MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
