AIMS: To present a new method of dynamic Purkinje-metry and to verify it by comparison with a commercially available anterior segment optical coherence tomography CASIA2. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A dynamic Purkinje-meter with a movable fixation target was assembled. A coaxial circular pattern formed by infrared LEDs was projected onto the eye and evoked Purkinje images (1st, 3rd, 4th = P1, P3, P4). The measurement was performed on 29 eyes with an implanted toric IOL (intraocular lens), under mydriatic conditions, with reference to the visual axis. The IOL tilt was calculated from the position of a fixation target at the moment of P3 and P4 superposition. The IOL decentration was determined based on the relative position of P1 during on-axis fixation and of P3 and P4 superposition during off-axis fixation. A custom-developed software was used for distance measurements. Using CASIA2, the IOL position was fully calculated by the device. RESULTS: The mean absolute difference between CASIA2 and Purkinje-meter values was 0.6° ± 0.4° for the tilt magnitude and 10° ± 10° for the tilt direction, and 0.11 mm ± 0.08 mm for the decentration magnitude and 16° ± 14° for the decentration direction. There was no statistically significant difference between the values determined by the two methods for the tilt and decentration direction. The differences were statistically significant for the tilt and decentration magnitude. CONCLUSION: The values of IOL tilt and decentration direction are similar for both devices. The values of IOL tilt and decentration magnitude measured by Purkinje-meter are higher than those from CASIA2, but overall, they correspond to the values presented in other published studies.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nitrooční čočky * MeSH
- optická koherentní tomografie MeSH
- optické zobrazování * přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Hypoparatyreóza s hypokalcemií je jednou z nejčastějších komplikací operací štítné žlázy. Od roku 2022 využíváme ve Vojenské nemocnici v Brně peroperační vizualizaci příštítných tělísek (PT) pomocí autofluorescenčního systému Fluoptics, Fluobeam® LX (FF®). Cílem práce je prezentovat princip této metody a zhodnotit přínos pro operatéry a pacienty. Materiál a metody: Během každé operace štítné žlázy používáme systém FF®, který na podkladě fluorescenčních vlastností příštítných tělísek umožňuje jejich časnou peroperační detekci. Retrospektivní analýzou posuzujeme přínos této metody pro naše pracoviště. Sledujeme vliv zapojení systému FF® během tyreoidálních výkonů na snížení incidence neúmyslného odstranění PT, pokles výskytu pooperační hypokalcemie a vliv použití FF® na délku operace. Výsledky: Bylo hodnoceno celkem 309 pacientů. Soubor operovaných bez využití FF® zahrnoval 163 pacientů, soubor s použitím FF® 146 pacientů. PT bylo v souboru bez FF® neúmyslně odstraněno v 16,6 %, v souboru s FF® v 4,1 % případů. Pokles hladiny sérového vápníku < 2,00 mmol/l v pooperačním období jsme zaznamenali v souboru bez FF® v 18,4 %, v souboru s FF® ve 13,7 %. Pokles hladiny vápníku s nutnou dlouhodobou substitucí byl v souboru bez FF® 5,5 %, v souboru s FF® 0,7 %. Průměrná doba trvání totální tyreoidektomie s použitím FF® se prodloužila o 10,9 min, doba trvání hemityreoidektomie se prodloužila o 2,4 min. Závěr: Dosavadní zkušenosti s peroperačním fluorescenčním zobrazením příštítných tělísek na našem pracovišti prokazují významný pokles incidence nechtěného odstranění PT. Snížení výskytu dočasné i trvalé hypokalcemie nebylo statisticky významné. Celková doba operace se prodloužila v řádu jednotek minut.
Hypoparathyroidism with hypocalcemia is one of the most common complications of thyroid surgery. Since 2022, at the Military Hospital Brno, we have been using intraoperative visualization of the parathyroid glands (PG) with Fluoptics, Fluobeam® LX (FF®) autofluorescence system. We would like to present the principle of this method and evaluate the benefits for surgeons and patients. Materials and methods: During thyroid surgery, we use the FF® system, which based on the fluorescent properties of PG, enables early intraoperative detection. Through a retrospective analysis, we assess the benefit of this method-especially the effect of using the FF® system during thyroid procedures on the reduction of the incidence of inadvertent resection of PG, the decrease in the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia, and the effect of the use of FF® for the duration of the operation. Results: A total of 309 patients were evaluated. The group of patients operated without using FF® included 163 patients, and the group using FF® included 146 patients. PG was unintentionally removed in 16.6% of cases in the group without using FF®, and in 4.1% of cases in the group using FF®. A drop in the serum calcium level below 2.00 mmol/ l was registered during the postoperative period in 18.4% in the group without using FF® and 13.7% in the group using FF®. Long-term calcium substitution was necessary in 5.5% cases in the group without using FF®, and 0.7% in the group using FF®. The average duration of total thyroidectomy using FF® increased by 10.9 minutes, and the duration of hemithyroidectomy increased by 2.4 minutes. Conclusion: According to our experience, intraoperative fluorescence imaging confi rms a decrease in the incidence of inadvertent resection of PG. Reduction in the incidence of temporary and permanent hypocalcemia was not significant. The mean operative time was extended in units of minutes.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fluorescence MeSH
- hypokalcemie krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- optické zobrazování * metody MeSH
- paratyreoidea * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tyreoidektomie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Macular pigment plays an important role in the reduction of oxidative stress and in preventing retinal diseases. Quick and easy measurements of the macular pigment are essential in both clinical and research settings. Dual wavelength fundus auto-fluorescence seems to be the optimal method. This study aims to investigate changes in fundus autofluorescence in patients taking daily lutein oral supplements and develop image processing methods for follow-up evaluations of the images. METHODS: New devices allow us to examine fundus autofluorescence using both blue and green excitation wavelengths. This allows detection of the amount of macular pigment by subtracting these two images because the yellow pigment particles absorb blue wavelengths. We determined daily dose of 25 mg of lutein and 3 mg of zeaxanthin. Patients were followed up for 15 months at 3-month intervals. RESULTS: During our 15-month study, we observed a positive trend in pixel lightness values, suggesting an increase in macular pigments in the foveal area. In all patients taking daily lutein supplements, the foveal index significantly increased after six months, with a median change of 0.081. We did not observe a significant change after the first three months (0.006) and only a small change between the 6th and 12th-month visits (0.012). CONCLUSION: With appropriate patients and procedures for capturing autofluorescence images, this is a valuable technique for macular pigment evaluation in follow-up examinations using software image post-processing and analysis with commonly available hardware. To put this into everyday practice, developing tools to automate the assessment is necessary.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fundus oculi MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lutein * aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- makulární pigment * analýza metabolismus MeSH
- optické zobrazování * metody MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- zeaxanthiny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Chemické transformace kompatibilní s biologickými systémy slouží jako neocenitelné nástroje pro zkoumání biomolekul, sloučenin léčiv a biologických procesů v jejich přirozeném prostředí. Složité prostředí živých organismů vyžaduje, aby tyto reakce byly vysoce selektivní a účinné, což představuje pro oblast organické chemie obrovskou výzvu. V poslední době se objevila řada chemických reakcí, které tyto podmínky splňují, a poskytují proto výzkumným pracovníkům rozmanitou sadu nástrojů. Tento rukopis představuje komplexní přehled současných bioortogonálních reakcí s důrazem na jejich aplikace v zobrazování, diagnostice a medicíně.
Chemical transformations compatible with biological systems serve as invaluable tools for probing biomolecules, drug compounds, and biological processes in their native environments. The complex environment of living organisms requires these reactions to be highly selective and efficient, posing a formidable challenge to the field of organic chemistry. A number of chemical reactions have recently emerged to meet this challenge, providing a diverse toolkit for researchers. This manuscript presents a comprehensive survey of current bioorthogonal reactions, emphasizing their applications in bioimaging, diagnostics, and medicine.
Východiská: Endometriálny karcinóm (EC) je najčastejšou rakovinou ženského reprodukčného traktu vo vyspelých krajinách. Prognóza a päťročná miera prežitia úzko súvisia so štádiom pri diagnostikovaní. Súčasné rutinné diagnostické metódy EC sú buď málo špecifické alebo pre pacientku nepríjemné, invazívne a bolestivé. Aktuálne je zlatým diagnostickým štandardom endometriálna biopsia. Včasná a neinvazívnu diagnostika EC vyžaduje identifikáciu nových markerov ochorenia a skríningový test aplikovateľný do rutinnej laboratórnej diagnostiky. Aplikácia necielenej metabolomiky v kombinácii s nástrojmi umelej inteligencie a bioštatistiky má potenciál kvalitatívne a kvantitatívne prezentovať metabolóm, ale jej zavedenie do rutinnej diagnostiky je z dôvodu finančnej, časovej aj interpretačnej náročnosti v súčasnosti nereálne. Fluorescenčná spektrálna analýza telových tekutín využíva autofluorescenciu určitých metabolitov na definovanie zloženia metabolómu za fyziologických podmienok. Cieľ: Tento prehľadový článok poukazuje na potenciál fluorescenčnej spektroskopie pri včasnej detekcii EC. Dáta získané trojrozmernou fluorescenčnou spektroskopiou definujú kvantitatívne aj kvalitatívne zloženie komplexného fluorescenčného metabolómu a sú vhodné na identifikáciu biochemických metabolických zmien spojených s karcinogenézou endometria. Autofluorescencia biologických tekutín má perspektívu poskytnúť nové molekulové markery EC. Integráciou algoritmov strojového učenia a umelej inteligencie pri dátovej analýze fluorescenčného metabolómu má táto technika veľký potenciál byť implementovaná do rutinnej laboratórnej diagnostiky.
Background: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common cancer of the female reproductive tract in developed countries. The prognosis and 5-year survival rates are closely tied to the stage diagnosis. Current routine diagnostic methods of EC are either lacking specificity or are uncomfortable, invasive and painful for the patient. As of now, the gold diagnostic standard is endometrial biopsy. Early and non-invasive diagnosis of EC requires the identification of new biomarkers of disease and a screening test applicable to routine laboratory diagnostics. The application of untargeted metabolomics combined with artificial intelligence and biostatistics tools has the potential to qualitatively and quantitatively represent the metabolome, but its introduction into routine diagnostics is currently unrealistic due to the financial, time and interpretation challenges. Fluorescence spectral analysis of body fluids utilizes autofluorescence of certain metabolites to define the composition of the metabolome under physiological conditions. Purpose: This review highlights the potential of fluorescence spectroscopy in the early detection of EC. Data obtained by three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy define the quantitative and qualitative composition of the complex fluorescent metabolome and are useful for identifying biochemical metabolic changes associated with endometrial carcinogenesis. Autofluorescence of biological fluids has the prospect of providing new molecular markers of EC. By integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms in the data analysis of the fluorescent metabolome, this technique has great potential to be implemented in routine laboratory diagnostics.
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky a postupy MeSH
- fluorescenční spektrometrie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolomika metody MeSH
- nádory endometria * diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus MeSH
- optické zobrazování * metody MeSH
- tělesné tekutiny diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- tryptofan fyziologie metabolismus MeSH
- uterus diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The highly infiltrative growth of glioblastoma (GBM) makes distinction between the tumor and normal brain tissue challenging. Therefore, fluorescence-guided surgery is often used to improve visual identification of radiological tumor margins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of recently developed molecularly targeted near-infrared (NIR) protease-activated probes to visualize GBM tissue and to compare the most promising candidate with the gold standard, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). METHODS: Single-substrate probes 6QC-ICG and 6QC-Cy5 (cysteine cathepsin cleavable), double-substrate probes AG2-FNIR and AG2-Cy5 (cysteine cathepsin and caspase 3 cleavable), and 5-ALA were administered intravenously to mice with orthotopic tumors. Activation of the probes was also evaluated in cell cultures in vitro and in biopsy material from patients with GBM ex vivo. The tumor to normal brain tissue fluorescence ratio (TNR) was quantified in brain sections using preclinical and clinical visualization platforms, and in tissue homogenates and cell suspensions using spectrofluorimetry. Subcellular localization of the fluorophores was visualized by confocal microscopy. RESULTS: In vitro, the single-substrate probe 6QC-ICG was cleaved in glioma cells and macrophages, and the resulting fluorophore accumulated intracellularly. In experimental GBMs, both single- and double-substrate probes visualized tumor tissue, while in healthy brain tissue the signal was minimal. TNR was highest for 6QC-ICG and AG2-FNIR, but the signal intensity was higher for 6QC-ICG. Using xenograft and syngeneic mouse models, as well as human GBM biopsy material ex vivo, the authors confirmed the ability of 6QC-ICG to specifically visualize the glioma tissue using preclinical and clinical visualization platforms. Finally, a comparison with 5-ALA in animals coadministered with both compounds revealed a higher TNR for 6QC-ICG in experimental GBMs. CONCLUSIONS: The cysteine cathepsin-cleavable probe 6QC-ICG is activated by glioma cells and tumor-associated macrophages, leading to a high contrast between tumor and nontumorous brain tissue that is superior to that of the current standard, 5-ALA. In addition to a well-defined mechanism of action, protease-activated probes that use NIR fluorophores (e.g., indocyanine green) have the advantage of low absorption and scattering of the NIR light and lower tissue autofluorescence. These results suggest that 6QC-ICG has the potential to become the targeted agent in intraoperative detection of GBM tissue using fluorescence imaging.
- MeSH
- fluorescenční barviva MeSH
- glioblastom * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- kyselina aminolevulová * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární sondy MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádory mozku * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- optické zobrazování metody MeSH
- proteasy metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
A novel method for semiautomated assessment of directions of collagen fibers in soft tissues using histological image analysis is presented. It is based on multiple rotated images obtained via polarized light microscopy without any additional components, i.e., with just two polarizers being either perpendicular or nonperpendicular (rotated). This arrangement breaks the limitation of 90° periodicity of polarized light intensity and evaluates the in-plane fiber orientation over the whole 180° range accurately and quickly. After having verified the method, we used histological specimens of porcine Achilles tendon and aorta to validate the proposed algorithm and to lower the number of rotated images needed for evaluation. Our algorithm is capable to analyze 5·105 pixels in one micrograph in a few seconds and is thus a powerful and cheap tool promising a broad application in detection of collagen fiber distribution in soft tissues.
- MeSH
- Achillova šlacha metabolismus MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- extracelulární matrix metabolismus MeSH
- kolagen metabolismus MeSH
- mikroskopie metody MeSH
- optické zobrazování metody MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu metody MeSH
- polarizační mikroskopie metody MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Upconverting luminescent lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (UCNP) belong to promising new materials that absorb infrared light able to penetrate in the deep tissue level, while emitting photons in the visible or ultraviolet region, which makes them favorable for bioimaging and cell labeling. Here, we have prepared upconverting NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4:Nd core-shell nanoparticles, which were coated with copolymers of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid (AMPS) or tert-butyl [2-(acryloylamino)ethyl]carbamate (AEC-Boc) with negative or positive charges, respectively. The copolymers were synthesized by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, reaching Mn ~ 11 kDa and containing ~ 5 mol% of reactive groups. All copolymers contained bisphosphonate end-groups to be firmly anchored on the surface of NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4:Nd core-shell nanoparticles. To compare properties of polymer coatings, poly(ethylene glycol)-coated and neat UCNP were used as a control. UCNP with various charges were then studied as labels of carcinoma cells, including human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, human cervical cancer HeLa, and rat insulinoma INS-1E cells. All the particles proved to be biocompatible (nontoxic); depending on their ξ-potential, the ability to penetrate the cells differed. This ability together with the upconversion luminescence are basic prerequisites for application of particles in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of various tumors, where emission of nanoparticles in visible light range at ~ 650 nm excites photosensitizer.
- MeSH
- akrylamidy chemie MeSH
- buňky Hep G2 MeSH
- fluorescenční barviva chemie MeSH
- fluoridy chemie MeSH
- HeLa buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- nanočástice chemie MeSH
- optické zobrazování metody MeSH
- ytrium chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The authors present their contribution to the improvement of methods suitable for the detection of the freezing and thawing damage of cells of cryopreserved venous grafts used for lower limb revascularization procedures. They studied the post-thaw viability of cells of the wall of cryopreserved venous grafts (CVG) immediately after thawing and after 24 and 48 h culture at +37 °C in two groups of six CVG selected randomly for slow thawing in the refrigerator and rapid thawing in a water bath at +37 °C. The grafts were collected from multi-organ and tissue brain-dead donors, cryopreserved, and stored in a liquid nitrogen vapor phase for five years. The viability was assessed from tissue slices obtained by perpendicular and longitudinal cuts of the thawed graft samples using in situ staining with fluorescence vital dyes. The mean and median immediate post-thaw viability values above 70% were found in using both thawing protocols and both types of cutting. The statistically significant decline in viability after the 48-h culture was observed only when using the slow thawing protocol and perpendicular cutting. The possible explanation might be the "solution effect damage" during slow thawing, which caused a gentle reduction in the graft cellularity. The possible influence of this phenomenon on the immunogenicity of CVG should be the subject of further investigations.
- MeSH
- alografty diagnostické zobrazování účinky léků MeSH
- apoptóza účinky léků MeSH
- dárci tkání MeSH
- dimethylsulfoxid farmakologie MeSH
- fluorescenční barviva * MeSH
- konfokální mikroskopie metody MeSH
- kryoprezervace metody MeSH
- kryoprotektivní látky farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- optické zobrazování metody MeSH
- transplantace cév metody MeSH
- vena femoralis diagnostické zobrazování účinky léků MeSH
- vena saphena diagnostické zobrazování účinky léků MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- zmrazování * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH