Dental caries is a biofilm-related disease, widely perceived to be caused by oral ecological imbalance when cariogenic/aciduric bacteria obtain an ecological advantage. Compared with planktonic bacteria, dental plaques are difficult to remove under extracellular polymeric substance protection. In this study, the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on a preformed cariogenic multi-species biofilm was evaluated, which was comprised of cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans), commensal bacteria (Streptococcus gordonii), and a pioneer colonizer (Actinomyces naeslundii). Our result revealed that treatment with 0.08 mg/mL CAPE reduced live S. mutans in the preformed multi-species biofilm while not significantly changing the quantification of live S. gordonii. CAPE significantly reduced the production of lactic acid, extracellular polysaccharide, and extracellular DNA and made the biofilm looser. Moreover, CAPE could promote the H2O2 production of S. gordonii and inhibit the expression of SMU.150 encoding mutacin to modulate the interaction among species in biofilms. Overall, our results suggested that CAPE could inhibit the cariogenic properties and change the microbial composition of the multi-species biofilms, indicating its application potential in dental caries prevention and management.
Severe Early Childhood Caries (sECC) is a multifactorial disease associated with the occurrence of specific oral microorganisms and other environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors. This study aimed to construct a multivariable model including the occurrence of Candida spp. and selected behavioral factors (length of breastfeeding, serving sweet beverages and beginning of brushing child's teeth) to determine their relationships to the occurrence of sECC. In this case-control study 164 children with sECC and 147 children without dental caries were included. MALDI-TOF MS and multiplex qPCR were used to identify Candida spp. and selected bacteria in dental plaque samples, respectively. A questionnaire on oral hygiene, diet, and children's health was filled in by the parents. The constructed multivariable logistic regression model showed an independent influence of the microbial and behavioral factors in sECC etiopathogenesis. The occurrence of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis was associated with higher odds of sECC development (odds ratio, OR: 9.62 and 16.93, respectively), together with breastfeeding of 6 months or less (OR: 2.71), exposure to sweet beverages (OR: 3.77), and starting to brush child's teeth after the 12th month of age (OR: 4.10), all statistically significant (p < 0.01). Considering the high occurrence of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis in dental plaque in children with sECC, we propose them as "keystone pathogens" and risk factors for sECC. The models showed that presence of specific species of Candida in dental plaque may be a better descriptor of sECC than the mentioned behavioral factors.
- MeSH
- Candida albicans MeSH
- Candida MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náchylnost k zubnímu kazu MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Streptococcus mutans MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- zubní kaz * MeSH
- zubní plak * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Streptococcus mutans is one of the bacteria that initiates the colonization of the pellicle at the tooth surface. It forms a plaque, together with other bacteria, which gradually dissolves the pellicle and leaves the tooth surface unprotected against the acidic oral environment. Calcium phosphate ceramics are excellent synthetic materials for the study of biofilm formation in dentistry because they are comparable to teeth in chemical composition and structure. Calcium phosphates can be processed to achieve a variety of crystalline compounds with biologically relevant ionic substitutions and structures that allow study of the effect of the surface chemistry and the topography independently. In this article, we describe the preparation and characterization of three types of calcium phosphate-based materials as a suitable surface for the formation of the S. mutans biofilm: beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP); sintered hydroxyapatite (SHA); and calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA). The densest biofilms were formed on the surfaces of SHA and CDHA, with no significant differences due to the stoichiometry or microstructure. In contrast, β-TCP showed a lower susceptibility to S. mutans biofilm formation, suggesting that the crystalline structure is the controlling parameter. Subsequently, SHA was selected to develop a dental biofilm model that allowed study of S. mutans biofilm susceptibility to chlorhexidine and ethanol.
Úvod a cíl práce: Zubní kaz v časném dětství (ECC) je definován jako přítomnost jedné nebo více kariézních lézí (nekavitovaných či kavitovaných) nebo výplně na kterémkoliv dočasném zubu nebo nepřítomnost zubu chybějícího pro kaz a jeho komplikace u dětí mladších než šest let. Na rozvoji ECC se podílejí kariogenní bakterie, mezi které řadíme Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp. a také druhy Actinomyces. Počáteční fáze vzniku zubního kazu je spojena s přítomností viditelného zubního plaku na povrchu zubu a S. mutans v dutině ústní, přičemž pro adhezi bakterie S. mutans je nejrizikovější období mezi 19. a 31. měsícem – první infekční okno. Cílem naší práce bylo identifikovat kariogenní bakterie Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp. a Actinomyces spp. u dětí postižených ECC a u jejich matek. Metodika: Do studie bylo zahrnuto 80 párů matka/dítě (průměrný věk dítěte 3,8 let ± 1,14 SD). Děti byly vyšetřeny běžným způsobem na stomatologickém křesle za pomoci sondy, zrcátka a dobrého osvětlení. Stanovili jsme u nich kpe index zubů. U matek jsme zjišťovali věk, přítomnost povlaku, počet zubních kazů, výplní a extrahovaných zubů (má/nemá), preventivní prohlídky (chodí/nechodí) a to, zda u krmení olizuje dítěti lžičku nebo dudlík, který spadl na zem. Materiál pro vyšetření bakterií S. mutans, Lactobacillus spp. a Actinomyces spp. jsme získávali u dětí stěrem z povrchu kariézních zubů, u matek byl povlak stírán z povrchu všech zubů, vždy pomocí vatové sterilní štětičky. Odebrané vzorky byly vyhodnoceny pomocí testu CarioGene® (Protean s.r.o., Dobrá voda u Českých Budějovic, Česká republika) pro DNA diagnostiku kariogenních bakterií a byly statisticky zpracovány. Výsledky: Přítomnost bakterie S. mutans byla zjištěna u 27 párů matka/dítě, negativní nález u obou byl prokázán ve 32 případech. Nepřítomnost Lactobacillus spp. u dítěte i u jeho matky byla zjištěna u 13 dvojic, pozitivní nález u obou byl ve 46 případech. Bakterie Actinomyces spp. byla detekována u matky i u jejího dítěte v 67 případech. Statisticky byla prokázána významná souvislost mezi přítomností bakterií S. mutans a Lactobacillus spp. u matky a jejího dítěte (p < 0,0001 a p < 0,00001). Po rozdělení na skupinu matek olizujících/ neolizujících lžičku při krmení byly výsledky signifikantní pouze u matek z první skupiny (p < 0,001). V případě bakterie Actinomyces spp. nebyly výsledky statisticky významné (p > 0,05). Závěr: Výsledky práce nasvědčují tomu, že zdrojem kariogenní infekce u dítěte je jeho matka. Za potenciální cesty přenosu infekce je pokládáno hlavně olizování lžičky při krmení dítěte.
Aim: Early childhood caries (ECC) is defined as the presence of one or more carious lesions (noncavitated or cavitated) or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth or missing teeth (due to caries) in children below six years of age. Cariogenic oral bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp. and Actinomyces spp. were found to be involved in the caries development. The early phase of the caries development is associated with the presence of visible plaque on the teeth surface and S. mutans occurrence in the oral cavity, with the most critical period for S. mutans colonization from 19–31 months of age. The aim of this study was to identify the cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., and Actinomyces spp. in children with early childhood caries and their mothers. Methods: A total of 80 mother/child pairs (child mean age 3.8 years ± 1.14 SD) were included in the study. Children were orally examined in a dental chair using a probe, mirror and a good light source. In children, the dmft index was identified, in mothers, the age, the presence of plaque, the number of caries, fillings, extracted teeth, whether they visit their dentists regularly and whether they lick their children´s spoon or pacifier were determined. The dental plaque samples for the assessment of the presence of S. mutans, Lactobacillus spp. and Actinomyces spp. were taken from the surface of carious teeth in children and surface of all teeth in mothers, always using sterile cotton swabs. The presence of cariogenic bacteria was identified by the CarioGene® test (Protean s.r.o., Dobrá voda, Czech Republic) and the results were statistically evaluated. Results: The presence of S. mutans was identified in 27 mother/child pairs, negative finding in both mother and child was found in 32 cases. The absence of Lactobacillus spp. in the children and their mothers was detected in 13 pairs, the positive finding in both in 46 cases. Actinomyces spp. was detected in both the child and mother in 67 cases. We demonstrated a significant relationship between the presence of S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. in mothers and their children (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.00001). When mothers were split into the group who licked the spoon at feeding their and the group who did not, the results were significant only in mothers from the first group (p < 0.001). However, the results of Actinomyces spp. were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrated that the source of acquiring cariogenic bacteria in children suffering from ECC might be through mothers. The potential way of transmission may be licking the infant´s spoon.
- Klíčová slova
- orální mikroflóra,
- MeSH
- Actinomyces izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Bacillus coagulans izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- matky MeSH
- mikrobiota MeSH
- přenos infekční nemoci MeSH
- Streptococcus mutans izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zubní kaz * mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Current scenario of bio-nanotechnology, successfully fabrication of ultrafine titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) using various biological protein sources for the multipurpose targets. The present research report involves synthesis of TiO2NPs using antimicrobial peptide (AMP) crustin (Cr). Crustin previously purified from the blue crab, Portunus pelagicus haemolymph, by blue Sepharose CL-6B matrix assisted affinity column chromatography. Synthesized Cr-TiO2NPs was physico-chemically characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Visible), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and zeta potential examination. X-ray diffraction analysis for crystalline nature and phase identification of titanium dioxide nanoparticles was absorbed. Functional groups were found through FTIR ranges between 1620 and 1700 cm-1. HR-TEM analysis showed that the synthesized Cr-TiO2NPs tetragonal shape and sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm. Finally, the surface charge of the Cr-TiO2NPs was confirmed through zeta potential analysis. Furthermore, the characterized Cr-TiO2NPs exhibited good biofilm inhibition against GPB - S. mutans (Gram Positive Bacteria- Streptococcus mutans), GNB - P. vulgaris (Gram Negative Bacteria- Proteus vulgaris) and fungal Candida albicans. Moreover, photocatalysis demonstrated that the Cr-TiO2NPs was effectively explored the degradation of dyes. The results suggest that Cr-TiO2NPs is an excellent bactericidal, fungicidal and photocatalytic agent that can be supportively used for biomedical and industrial applications.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- biofilmy MeSH
- Candida albicans účinky léků MeSH
- Culicidae MeSH
- fotochemické procesy * MeSH
- insekticidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- kationické antimikrobiální peptidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- krabi chemie MeSH
- larva účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- nanokapsle chemie MeSH
- Proteus vulgaris účinky léků MeSH
- Streptococcus mutans účinky léků MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- titan chemie MeSH
- uvolňování léčiv MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Amides of betulinic acid with cystamine were synthesized to investigate their antimicrobial and antitumor activity, and their influence on the cell cycle and cell apoptosis. The former target amide (6) displayed cytotoxicity in CEM cell line after 72 h of treatment (IC50 = 3.0 ± 0.7 μM; TI = 20), and induced apoptosis by caspase-3/7 activation in CEM cells. The latter target amide (9) displayed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans (MIC 3.125 μM; MBC 3.125 μM) and Bacillus cereus (MIC 25 μM; MBC 25 μM). The achieved results demonstrate enhancing of their biological activity over that of the parent compounds. However, two intermediate compounds (2 and 7) displayed either considerable cytotoxicity (2; 7.5 ± 0.8 μM; TI = 10, against G361) or antimicrobial activity (7; both against Actinomyces odontolycus and Clostridium perfrigens with MIC 12.5 µM and MBC 12.5 µM). The experimental data were compared with the in silico calculated physico-chemical and ADME parameters of the target compounds, including successful intermediates.
- MeSH
- Actinomyces účinky léků MeSH
- amidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- apoptóza účinky léků MeSH
- Bacillus cereus účinky léků MeSH
- Clostridium účinky léků MeSH
- cystamin chemie farmakologie MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- molekulární konformace MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- protinádorové látky chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- screeningové testy protinádorových léčiv MeSH
- Streptococcus mutans účinky léků MeSH
- triterpeny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- demineralizace zubů MeSH
- DMF Index MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Lactobacillus patogenita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obličejová bolest diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- salivace * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Streptococcus mutans patogenita MeSH
- xerostomie * MeSH
- ztráta zubů MeSH
- zubní kaz * etnologie MeSH
- zuby - přehledy zdravotního stavu MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- pozorovací studie MeSH
The formation and development of bacterial as well as yeast or filamentous fungi biofilms, which is connected with dangerous or even fatal human infections, represents a relatively new and poorly studied problem in current medicine. The understanding of the processes running in biofilms of pathogenic microorganisms and finding of new possibilities of the biofilm prevention or eradication and also the regulation of biofilm resistance development is necessary for proposing advanced treatment procedures for wide range of illnesses.
- Klíčová slova
- extracelulární polymerní látky,
- MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence účinky léků MeSH
- antiinfekční látky MeSH
- Aspergillus fumigatus patogenita MeSH
- aspergilóza alergická bronchopulmonální mikrobiologie MeSH
- bakteriální adheze fyziologie MeSH
- biofilmy * růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- Candida klasifikace patogenita MeSH
- cystická fibróza mikrobiologie MeSH
- dezinfekce MeSH
- Escherichia coli patogenita MeSH
- extracelulární matrix - proteiny MeSH
- extracelulární matrix fyziologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- infekce spojené s protézou etiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- katétry mikrobiologie MeSH
- otitis media mikrobiologie MeSH
- parodontitida mikrobiologie MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa patogenita MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus patogenita MeSH
- Staphylococcus epidermidis patogenita MeSH
- Streptococcus mutans patogenita MeSH
- Trichosporon patogenita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Nicotine has well-documented effects on the growth and colonization of Streptococcus mutans. This study attempts to investigate the effects of nicotine on pathogenic factors of S. mutans, such as the effect on biofilm formation and viability, expression of pathogenic genes, and metabolites of S. mutans. The results demonstrated that addition of nicotine did not significantly influence the viability of S. mutans cells. The biofilms became increasingly compact as the concentrations of nicotine increased. The expression of virulence genes, such as ldh and phosphotransferase system (PTS)-associated genes, was upregulated, and nlmC was upregulated significantly, while ftf was downregulated. The lactate concentration of S. mutans grown in 1 mg/mL of nicotine was increased up to twofold over either biofilm or planktonic cells grown without nicotine. Changes in the metabolites involved in central carbon metabolism from sucrose indicated that most selected metabolites were detectable and influenced by increased concentrations of nicotine. This study demonstrated that nicotine can influence the pathogenicity of S. mutans and may lead to increased dental caries through the production of more lactate and the upregulation of virulence genes.
- MeSH
- biofilmy účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- exprese genu účinky léků MeSH
- faktory virulence biosyntéza MeSH
- kyselina mléčná metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolické sítě a dráhy účinky léků MeSH
- mikrobiální viabilita účinky léků MeSH
- nikotin metabolismus MeSH
- sliny mikrobiologie MeSH
- Streptococcus mutans účinky léků patogenita MeSH
- virulence účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
