Akutní zánět středouší (otitis media acuta, OMA) patří stále k nejobvyklejším onemocněním u dětí. Článek se zaměřuje na jednotlivé bakteriální původce OMA u dětí, jejich charakteristiku, změny v čase, stav rezistence a doporučené postupy léčby OMA na základě aktuálních dat.

Acute otitis media (AOM) is still one of the most common diseases in children. The article focuses on the individual bacterial agents of AOM in children, their characteristics, changes over time, the state of resistance and recommended management for the treatment of AOM based on current data.

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology   classification   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Haemophilus influenzae pathogenicity   drug effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Moraxella catarrhalis pathogenicity   drug effects   MeSH
• Otitis Media * etiology   drug therapy   microbiology   MeSH
• Penicillin V pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Penicillins pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
• Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogenicity   drug effects   MeSH
• Streptococcus pyogenes pathogenicity   drug effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

The goal of this work was to assess the usability of yeast glucan particles (GPs) as carriers for curcumin and determine the beneficial effect of a pharmacological composite of curcumin in GPs on dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis in rats. The assessment of the anti-inflammatory effect of particular substances was evaluated on the basis of the calculated disease activity index and by assessment of cytokines and enzymes from the gut tissue - tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor β1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, catalase, superoxide dismutase 2, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Composites of GPs with incorporated curcumin showed promising results with the capability to lower symptoms of colitis and significantly decrease the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and the activity of MPO, as well. The anti-inflammatory effect of the composites was greater than those of pure GPs or curcumin.

• MeSH
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Cytokines metabolism   MeSH
• Glucans administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Interleukins metabolism   MeSH
• Colitis chemically induced   drug therapy   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Curcumin administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Drug Carriers therapeutic use   MeSH
• Rats, Wistar MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism   MeSH
• Dextran Sulfate MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Inflammatory bowel disease including ulcerative colitis are complex multifactorial diseases of unknown aetiology. Sulphate-reducing bacteria are often associated with the occurrence of the disease. The physiological properties of intestinal sulphate-reducing bacteria including kinetic characteristic of their growth have never been reported. The aim of this research was to evaluate the presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria isolated from the intestines of mice, study their growth, calculate and compare the kinetic growth properties on the model of dextran sulphate sodium induced ulcerative colitis in the mice. The number of viable intestinal sulphate-reducing bacteria from the bowel lumen of mice with ulcerative colitis was higher (P > 0.05) by 22% at 12 h of cultivation compared with cultures of sulphate-reducing bacteria from the bowel lumen of healthy mice. The sulphate-reducing bacteria from mice with colitis also had a slightly higher generation time (14.29 h) and exponential growth phase (22.24 h) compared with cultures from healthy mice. The time of lag-phase was 2 × shorter (P > 0.01) in the cultures of sulphate-reducing bacteria from mice with ulcerative colitis. The described research is new and important for the prediction of the sulphate-reducing bacteria number in the gut and their rate of dissimilatory sulphate reduction. The kinetic characteristic of their growth is important for further clarification of the mechanisms of sulphate reduction and accumulation of hydrogen sulphide, which is toxic for epithelial cells of the intestine and can cause bowel diseases both in humans and animals, in particular ulcerative colitis.

• MeSH
• Microbiota MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome MeSH
• Hydrogen Sulfide * metabolism   adverse effects   MeSH
• Colitis, Ulcerative MeSH
• Check Tag
• Mice MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

The gold(I) mixed-ligand complexes involving O-substituted derivatives of 9-deazahypoxanthine (HLn) and triphenylphosphine (PPh3) with the general formula [Au(Ln)(PPh3)] (1-5) were prepared and thoroughly characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, ESI+ mass spectrometry, single crystal X-ray (HL5 and complex 2) and TG/DTA analyses. Complexes 1-5 were evaluated for their in vitro antitumor activity against nine human cancer lines, i.e. MCF7 (breast carcinoma), HOS (osteosarcoma), A549 (adenocarcinoma), G361 (melanoma), HeLa (cervical cancer), A2780 (ovarian carcinoma), A2780R (ovarian carcinoma resistant to cisplatin), 22Rv1 (prostate cancer) and THP-1 (monocytic leukaemia), for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using a model of LPS-activated macrophages, and for their in vivo antiedematous activity by λ-carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model on rats. The results showed that the complexes 1-5 exhibit selective in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF7, HOS, 22Rv1, A2780 and A2780R, with submicromolar IC50 values for 2 against the MCF7 (0.6 µM) and HOS (0.9 µM). The results of in vitro cytotoxicity screening on primary culture of human hepatocytes (HEP220) revealed up to 30-times lower toxicity of compounds against healthy cells as compared with cancer cells. Additionally, the complexes 1-5 significantly influence the secretion and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β by a similar manner as a commercially used anti-arthritic drug Auranofin. The tested complexes also significantly influence the rate and overall volume of the edema, caused by the intraplantar application of λ-carrageenan polysaccharide to rats. Based on these promising results, the presented compounds could qualify to become feasible candidates for advanced testing as potential antitumor and anti-inflammatory drug-like compounds.

• MeSH
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents chemistry   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Edema drug therapy   MeSH
• Hepatocytes drug effects   MeSH
• Hypoxanthines chemistry   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Disease Models, Animal MeSH
• Cell Line, Tumor MeSH
• Neoplasms drug therapy   MeSH
• Antineoplastic Agents chemistry   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared MeSH
• Inflammation drug therapy   MeSH
• Gold chemistry   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

A series of gold(I) triphenylphosphine (PPh3) complexes (1-9) involving 2-chloro-N6-(substituted-benzyl)adenine derivatives as N-donor ligands was synthesized and thoroughly characterized by relevant methods, including electrospray-ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The anti-inflammatory and antiedematous effects of three representatives 1, 5 and 9 were evaluated by means of in vitro model based on the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and influence of the complexes on selected forms of matrix metalloproteinases secreted by LPS-activated THP-1 monocytes and in vivo model evaluating the antiedematous effect of the complexes in the carrageenan-induced rat hind-paw edema model. In addition to the pharmacological observations, the affected hind paws were post mortem subjected to histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. The results of both in vivo and ex vivo methods revealed low antiedematous and anti-inflammatory effects of the complexes, even though the in vitro model identified them as promising anti-inflammatory acting compounds. The reason for this discrepancy lies probably in low stability of the studied complexes in biological environment, as demonstrated by the solution interaction studies with sulfur-containing biomolecules (cysteine and reduced glutathione) using the ESI mass spectrometry.

• MeSH
• Adenine chemistry   MeSH
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents chemistry   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Cell Line MeSH
• Cytokines metabolism   MeSH
• Edema drug therapy   MeSH
• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MeSH
• Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Ligands MeSH
• Organophosphorus Compounds chemistry   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Rats, Wistar MeSH
• In Vitro Techniques MeSH
• Gold chemistry   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH