Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas neurotransmitter that is synthesized in various mammalian tissues including vascular tissues and regulates vascular tone. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the endogenous L-cysteine/H2S pathway is impaired due to aging and endothelial denudation in mouse isolated thoracic aorta. For this purpose, young (3-4 months) and old (23-25 months) mice were used in the experiments. The effects of aging and endothelium on endogenous and exogenous H2S-induced vasorelaxation were investigated by cumulative L-cysteine-(1 microM-10 mM) and NaHS-(1 microM-3 mM) induced vasorelaxations, respectively. The L-cysteine-induced relaxations were reduced in old mice aorta compared to the young mice. Also, vasorelaxant responses to L-cysteine (1 microM-10 mM) were reduced on aorta rings with denuded-endothelium of young and old mice. However, the relaxation responses to NaHS were not altered by age or endothelium denudation. The loss of staining of CSE in the endothelial layer was observed in old thoracic aorta. Ach-induced (1-30 microM) relaxation almost abolished in endothelium-denuded rings from both mice group. Also, relaxation Ach reduced in intact endothelium tissue of old mice aorta. In conclusion, the vasorelaxant responses to L-cysteine but not NaHS decreased and the protein expression of CSE reduced in old thoracic aorta rings consistent with a decrease in H2S concentration with aging and endothelium damage, suggesting that aging may be lead to decrease in enzyme expression and H2S signaling system due to endothelium damage in mouse thoracic aorta. Key words Aging, Hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine, Endothelium, Thoracic aorta.
- MeSH
- aorta thoracica * účinky léků metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- cévní endotel * metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- cystein metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- stárnutí * metabolismus MeSH
- sulfan * metabolismus MeSH
- vazodilatace * účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Kontext: Endotelová dysfunkce (ED) je jedním z hlavních mechanismů rozvoje různých kardiovaskulárních onemocnění. Endotelová dysfunkce je spojena s obezitou a hypertenzí, což se odráží v nízkých hodnotách průtokem stimulované dilatace tepny (flow-mediated dilatation, FMD) a vysokých hodnotách endotelinu-1 (ET-1) u dospělých osob a starších. Méně se ví o hodnotách uvedených dvou parametrů u adolescentů. Cílem této studie bylo srovnat hodnoty FMD a ET-1 obézních adolescentů s hypertenzí, obézních adolescentů bez hypertenze a u adolescentů s normální tělesnou hmotností. Metoda: Celkem 72 indonéských adolescentů průměrného věku 195 (178–217) měsíců, převážně chlapců (61 %), bylo zařazeno do tří následujících skupin: obezita s hypertenzí (n = 21), obezita bez hypertenze (n = 19) a bez obezity a bez hypertenze (n = 32). Hodnota FMD se měřila na pažní tepně po vyvinutí zvýšeného systolického tlaku na předloktí po dobu pěti minut. Hodnoty ET-1 se měřily metodou ELISA v sendvičovém uspořádání. Výsledek: Medián hodnoty ET-1 byl 42 (2,4–384) pg/ml. Mezi skupinami však nebyly nalezeny žádné významné rozdíly v hodnotách ET-1 (p 0,269). I když byly hodnoty FMD podle deskriptivní analýzy vyšší u zdravých adolescentů, nebyly zjištěny žádné statisticky významné rozdíly (p 0,159) v hodnotách FMD ve skupinách obezita s hypertenzí (9,1 ± 5 %), obezita bez hypertenze (8,3 ± 3,1 %) a bez obezity a bez hypertenze (10,9 ± 6,2 %). Srovnání hodnot ET-1 mezi skupinami s ED a bez ED (mezní hodnota FMD 7,1 %) nevykázalo žádné rozdíly (p 0,77). Navíc hodnoty ET-1 nekorelovaly statisticky významně s hodnotami FMD (p 0,66, r –0.053). Závěr: U indonéských adolescentů s obezitou a hypertenzí, obezitou bez hypertenze a s normální tělesnou hmotností a bez hypertenze nebyly zjištěny žádné rozdíly v hodnotách ET-1 a FMD. Korelace mezi ET-1 a FMD není u adolescentů statisticky významná.
Background: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is one of the major mechanisms in various cardiovascular dis- eases. ED is associated with obesity and hypertension, which is reflected by low flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) value and high endothelin-1 (ET-1) level in adults or older. However, their value in adolescents is less known. This study aims to compare the FMD and ET-1 between obesity with hypertension, obesity without hypertension, and normal adolescents. Method: A total of 72 Indonesian adolescents with a mean age of 195 (178-217) months and dominated by males (61%) were classified into the three following groups obesity with hypertension (n = 21), obesity with- out hypertension (n = 19), and normal (n = 32) adolescents. FMD was measured using the brachial artery by previously applied supra systolic pressure in the forearm in 5 minutes. ET-1 was measured by Sandwich ELISA. Results: The median ET-1 level was 42 (2.4-384) pg/mL. However, there are no significant differences in ET-1 levels between all groups (p 0.269). Although FMD values are descriptively higher in normal adolescents, however, there are no statistical differences (p 0.159) in FMD values between obese with hypertension (9.1 ± 5%), obese without hypertension (8.3 ± 3.1%), and normal (10.9 ± 6.2%) groups. Comparison of ET-1 levels between groups with ED and without ED (FMD cut-off 7.1%) showed no differences (p 0.77) among them. In addition, ET-1 was not significantly correlated with FMD (p 0.66, r -0.053). Conclusion: There are no differences in ET-1 and FMD values between obesity with hypertension, obesity without hypertension, and normal Indonesian adolescents. The correlation between ET-1 and FMD is not significant in adolescents.
- MeSH
- arteria brachialis patologie MeSH
- dilatace patologická etiologie krev MeSH
- endotel patofyziologie MeSH
- endotelin-1 * krev MeSH
- hypertenze komplikace krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * komplikace krev MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- chronická lymfatická leukemie genetika MeSH
- DNA-dependentní DNA-polymerasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- DNA-primasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- extracelulární matrix metabolismus patologie MeSH
- geny p53 genetika MeSH
- glioblastom metabolismus patologie MeSH
- pericyty metabolismus patologie MeSH
- protein BRCA1 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- souhrny MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- buněčná denzita, hexagonalita, index variačního koeficientu,
- MeSH
- denzitometrie MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kouření * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oční nemoci * etiologie MeSH
- poruchy zraku * etiologie MeSH
- rohovkový endotel patologie MeSH
- úbytek endoteliálních buněk rohovky etiologie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Úvod: Iridokorneální endotelový (ICE) syndrom je vzácné onemocnění charakterizované abnormální proliferací a strukturálními změnami endotelu, obliterací iridokorneálního úhlu a anomáliemi duhovky. Důsledkem těchto změn je sekundární glaukom a dekompenzace rohovky. Etiologie je nejasná a častěji postihuje ženy středního věku. Kazuistiky: Formou článku prezentujeme dvě odlišné kazuistiky mladých pacientů s diagnózou ICE syndromu s rozvinutými komplikacemi. V 1. kazuistice se jedná o mladou pacientku, u které se pomocí antiglaukomové a rohovkové chirurgie daří stabilizovat glaukomové onemocnění a rohovkový edém. Naproti tomu kazuistika 2. poukazuje na složitý a komplikovaný případ 29letého pacienta, u kterého ani přes opakované zákroky není léčba úspěšná. Závěr: Tento text poukazuje na komplikovanost ICE syndromu, obtížnost jeho terapie a důležitost včasné diagnostiky.
Aim: Iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome is a rare disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and structural changes of the endothelium, obliteration of the iridocorneal angle, and anomalies of the iris. The consequence of these changes is secondary glaucoma and corneal decompensation. The etiology is unclear, and the syndrome more commonly affects middle-aged women. Case reports: In this article we present two different case studies of young patients diagnosed with ICE syndrome with complications. The first case report is about a young woman in whom surgical treatment of glaucoma and corneal edema was successful. On the other hand, the second report presents a complicated case of a 29-year-old patient whose treatment was not successful despite repeated interventions. Conclusion: This text highlights the complexity of ICE syndrome, the difficulty of its therapy and the importance of early diagnosis.
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glaukom etiologie MeSH
- iridokorneální endoteliální syndrom * diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza komplikace patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopie klasifikace metody MeSH
- nemoci rohovky diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- nitrooční tlak MeSH
- rohovkový endotel diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- slepota etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Ciel: Zistiť efekt opakovaných intravitreálnych aplikácii afliberceptu na endotel rohovky u pacientov s diabetickým makulárnym edémom (DME) a edémom makuly pri oklúzii retinálnej vény (RVO). Metodika: Do prospektívneho sledovania v období od januára 2021 do novembra 2023 bolo zaradených 87 naivných očí s diagnózou DME a RVO. Exklúzne kritérium pre zaradenie bol operačný alebo laserový zákrok počas sledovacieho obdobia, nosenie kontaktných šošoviek, ope rácia katarakty pred menej ako 6 mesiacmi, dystrofie alebo iné ochorenia rohovky, ktoré môžu spôsobiť zmeny endotelu. Okrem rutinných vyšetrení sme v deň 1., 4. a 8. injekcie vyšetrovali aj endotel rohovky pomocou bezkontaktnej endotelovej mikroskopie. Vyhodnocovali sme 4 parametre: hustotu endotelových buniek (CD), hexagonalitu (HEX), koeficient variability (CV) a centrálnu hrúbku rohovky (CCT). Najskôr sme vyhodnocovali celý súbor očí a následne sme ho rozdelili podľa 2 kritérií; podľa diagnózy na DME/RVO a podľa šošovky na fakické/pseu dofakické oči. Výsledky: Vyhodnotených bolo 87 očí (68 pacientov). Priemerný vek pacientov v čase diagnózy bol 66,8 ±9,3 rokov. Z celkového počtu 87 bolo 51 (59 %) fakických a 36 (41 %) pseudofakických očí. S diagnózou DME bolo liečených 61 (70 %) očí a s diagnózou RVO 26 (30 %). V prie behu sledovania nedošlo vplyvom liečby k štatisticky signifikantnej zmene priemerných hodnôt CD, HEX, CV, CCT či už v súbore všetkých očí alebo v rozdelení do podskupín podľa diagnózy či stavu šošovky. Záver: Zistili sme, že intravitreálne aplikácie afliberceptu u pacientov s DME a RVO neovplyvňujú parametre rohovkového endotelu ako CCT, HEX, CD, CV hodnotené pomocou endotelovej mikroskopie pri sledovaní po 8 injekciu.
Aim: To determine the effect of repeated intravitreal injections of aflibercept on the corneal endothelium in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods: In a prospective study conducted between January 2021 and November 2023, a total of 87 treatment-naive eyes with DME and RVO were evaluated. The exclusion criteria were surgery or laser intervention during the follow-up period, contact lens wear, cataract surgery in the last 6 months, dystrophy, or other corneal condition that may cause endothelial damage. In addition to routine examinations on the day of application, we also measured the corneal endothelium using specular microscopy on the 1st, 4th and 8th day of injection. We evaluated 4 parameters: endothelial cell density (CD), hexagonality (HEX), coefficient of variability (CV) and central corneal thickness (CCT). First of all, we evaluated the entire cohort of eyes, and then divided it according to 2 criteria; the diagnosis into DME/RVO and according to the lens status into phakic/pseudophakic eyes. Results: A total of 87 eyes of 68 patients were evaluated. The average age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 66.8 ±9.3 years. Within the cohort 51 (59%) eyes were phakic and 36 (41%) pseudophakic. A total of 61 (70%) eyes with a diagnosis of DME were treated, and 26 (30%) with RVO. During the follow-up, there were no significant changes in the average values of CD, HEX, CV, CCT due to aflibercept treatment, either in the whole group or in subgroups according to diagnosis or lens condition. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that intravitreal administration of aflibercept in patients with DME and RVO did not have an impact on corneal endothelial parameters, including CCT, HEX, CD and CV. These parameters were measured using endothelial microscopy during an 8-injection observation period.
- Klíčová slova
- aflibercept,
- MeSH
- bevacizumab aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- endoteliální buňky účinky léků MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- inhibitory angiogeneze * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- injekce intravitreální * klasifikace metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makulární edém chemicky indukované etiologie MeSH
- mikroskopie klasifikace metody MeSH
- počet buněk MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rohovkový endotel diagnostické zobrazování účinky léků MeSH
- vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
BACKGROUND: Endothelial glycocalyx (EG) plays a crucial role in maintaining the plasma proteins within the intravascular space. OBJECTIVE: We studied whether exogenous albumin protects the EG in an experimental model of EG enzymatic damage in rats. METHODS: Rats were divided into three groups of 10 animals that received (1) Evans blue (2) Evans blue + hyaluronidase, or (3) Evans blue + hyaluronidase + 20% human albumin via the tail vein. Spectrophotometric analysis was performed 2 h later to quantify the leakage of Evans blue-labeled albumin into the heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, liver, small intestine, spleen, and skeletal muscle. RESULTS: Administration of hyaluronidase numerically increased the capillary leakage of Evans blue in all examined tissues. Co-administration of albumin decreased the leakage of albumin in all tissues except the heart. In the lungs, the ratio between the absorbance and dry organ weight decreased from 5.3 ± 2.4 to 1.7 ± 0.5 (mean ± SD) (P < 0.002), and in the liver, the absorbance decreased from 2.2 ± 0.7 to 1.5 ± 0.4 (P < 0.011). CONCLUSION: Exogenous albumin decreased the capillary leakage of albumin which was interpreted as a sign of maintained EG integrity.
- MeSH
- albuminy * metabolismus MeSH
- cévní endotel účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- Evansova modř MeSH
- glykokalyx * metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- hyaluronoglukosaminidasa farmakologie MeSH
- kapilární permeabilita * účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) targets the central nervous system (CNS), leading to potentially severe neurological complications. The neurovascular unit plays a fundamental role in the CNS and in the neuroinvasion of TBEV. However, the role of human brain pericytes, a key component of the neurovascular unit, during TBEV infection has not yet been elucidated. In this study, TBEV infection of the primary human brain perivascular pericytes was investigated with highly virulent Hypr strain and mildly virulent Neudoerfl strain. We used Luminex assay to measure cytokines/chemokines and growth factors. Both viral strains showed comparable replication kinetics, peaking at 3 days post infection (dpi). Intracellular viral RNA copies peaked at 6 dpi for Hypr and 3 dpi for Neudoerfl cultures. According to immunofluorescence staining, only small proportion of pericytes were infected (3% for Hypr and 2% for Neudoerfl), and no cytopathic effect was observed in the infected cells. In cell culture supernatants, IL-6 production was detected at 3 dpi, together with slight increases in IL-15 and IL-4, but IP-10, RANTES and MCP-1 were the main chemokines released after TBEV infection. These chemokines play key roles in both immune defense and immunopathology during TBE. This study suggests that pericytes are an important source of these signaling molecules during TBEV infection in the brain.
- MeSH
- chemokin CCL5 * metabolismus MeSH
- chemokin CXCL10 * metabolismus MeSH
- cytokiny metabolismus MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida * virologie metabolismus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek * virologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- pericyty * virologie metabolismus MeSH
- replikace viru MeSH
- viry klíšťové encefalitidy * fyziologie patogenita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is an age-related cause of vision loss, and the most common repeat expansion-mediated disease in humans characterised to date. Up to 80% of European FECD cases have been attributed to expansion of a non-coding CTG repeat element (termed CTG18.1) located within the ubiquitously expressed transcription factor encoding gene, TCF4. The non-coding nature of the repeat and the transcriptomic complexity of TCF4 have made it extremely challenging to experimentally decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease. Here we comprehensively describe CTG18.1 expansion-driven molecular components of disease within primary patient-derived corneal endothelial cells (CECs), generated from a large cohort of individuals with CTG18.1-expanded (Exp+) and CTG 18.1-independent (Exp-) FECD. We employ long-read, short-read, and spatial transcriptomic techniques to interrogate expansion-specific transcriptomic biomarkers. Interrogation of long-read sequencing and alternative splicing analysis of short-read transcriptomic data together reveals the global extent of altered splicing occurring within Exp+ FECD, and unique transcripts associated with CTG18.1-expansions. Similarly, differential gene expression analysis highlights the total transcriptomic consequences of Exp+ FECD within CECs. Furthermore, differential exon usage, pathway enrichment and spatial transcriptomics reveal TCF4 isoform ratio skewing solely in Exp+ FECD with potential downstream functional consequences. Lastly, exome data from 134 Exp- FECD cases identified rare (minor allele frequency <0.005) and potentially deleterious (CADD>15) TCF4 variants in 7/134 FECD Exp- cases, suggesting that TCF4 variants independent of CTG18.1 may increase FECD risk. In summary, our study supports the hypothesis that at least two distinct pathogenic mechanisms, RNA toxicity and TCF4 isoform-specific dysregulation, both underpin the pathophysiology of FECD. We anticipate these data will inform and guide the development of translational interventions for this common triplet-repeat mediated disease.
- MeSH
- alternativní sestřih genetika MeSH
- endoteliální buňky metabolismus MeSH
- expanze trinukleotidových repetic * genetika MeSH
- Fuchsova endoteliální dystrofie * genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rohovkový endotel metabolismus patologie MeSH
- transkripční faktor 4 * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- transkriptom genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Gliomagenesis induces profound changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain. In this study, we identified a cellular population responsible for the increased deposition of collagen I and fibronectin in glioblastoma. Elevated levels of the fibrillar proteins collagen I and fibronectin were associated with the expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which is predominantly found in pericyte-like cells in glioblastoma. FAP+ pericyte-like cells were present in regions rich in collagen I and fibronectin in biopsy material and produced substantially more collagen I and fibronectin in vitro compared to other cell types found in the GBM microenvironment. Using mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that 3D matrices produced by FAP+ pericyte-like cells are rich in collagen I and fibronectin and contain several basement membrane proteins. This expression pattern differed markedly from glioma cells. Finally, we have shown that ECM produced by FAP+ pericyte-like cells enhances the migration of glioma cells including glioma stem-like cells, promotes their adhesion, and activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Taken together, our findings establish FAP+ pericyte-like cells as crucial producers of a complex ECM rich in collagen I and fibronectin, facilitating the dissemination of glioma cells through FAK activation.
- MeSH
- endopeptidasy MeSH
- extracelulární matrix * metabolismus patologie MeSH
- fibronektiny * metabolismus MeSH
- glioblastom patologie metabolismus MeSH
- gliom * patologie metabolismus MeSH
- kolagen typu I metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránové proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí fyziologie MeSH
- nádory mozku * patologie metabolismus MeSH
- pericyty * metabolismus patologie MeSH
- pohyb buněk fyziologie MeSH
- serinové endopeptidasy metabolismus MeSH
- želatinasy metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH