Cadmium crosses the blood-brain barrier inducing damage to neurons. Cell impairment is predominantly linked to oxidative stress and glutathione (GSH) depletion. On the other hand, several reports have described an increase of GSH levels in neuronal cells after CdCl2 exposure. Therefore, the aim of the present report was to investigate the relation between changes in GSH levels and mitochondrial damage in neuronal cells after CdCl2 treatment. To characterize neuronal impairment after CdCl2 treatment (0-200 μM) for 1-48 h, we used the SH-SY5Y cell line. We analyzed GSH metabolism and determined mitochondrial activity using high-resolution respirometry. CdCl2 treatment induced both the decreases and increases of GSH levels in SH-SY5Y cells. GSH concentration was significantly increased in cells incubated with up to 50 μM CdCl2 but only 100 μM CdCl2 induced GSH depletion linked to increased ROS production. The overexpression of proteins involved in GSH synthesis increased in response to 50 and 100 μM CdCl2 after 6 h. Finally, strong mitochondrial impairment was detected even in 50 μM CdCl2 treated cells after 24 h. We conclude that a significant decrease in mitochondrial activity can be observed in 50 μM CdCl2 even without the occurrence of GSH depletion in SH-SY5Y cells.

• MeSH
• chlorid kademnatý * toxicita   MeSH
• glutathion * metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondrie * účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• neurony * účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Fertility-sparing treatment (FST) for patients with cervical cancer intends to achieve oncologic outcomes comparable to those after radical treatment while maximizing reproductive outcomes, including the ability to conceive and minimizing the risk of prematurity. METHODOLOGY: International multicentre retrospective FERTISS study focused on patients treated with FST analysed timing of FST relative to pregnancy, conception attempts and methods, abortion rates, prophylactic procedures reducing the risk of severe prematurity, pregnancy duration, and delivery mode. RESULTS: Of the 733 patients treated at 44 centres in 13 countries, 49.7% attempted to conceive during median follow-up of 72 months and 22.6% (166/733) patients achieved a successful pregnancy. Success rate was significantly higher after non-radical surgery (63.2%; 122/193) compared to radical trachelectomy (25.7%; 44/171, p < 0.001). Available perinatological data shows that 89.5% (111/124) of the patients became pregnant naturally. There was no significant difference in the abortion rate in the first pregnancy nor delivery success rates between non-radical and radical procedures patients. Preterm delivery (<38 weeks gestation) occurred more frequently after radical than non-radical procedures (76.5% vs. 57.7%, p = 0.15). Almost all patients (97.3%; 73/75) who underwent regular ultrasound cervicometry in pregnancy with subsequent prophylactic procedures delivered a live fetus, compared to 30.6% (15/49) women without such management, p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: Patients who underwent non-radical surgery had significantly higher pregnancy rates. Most pregnancies resulted in a viable fetus, but radical trachelectomy led to a higher rate of preterm births in the severe prematurity range. Half of the patients did not attempt pregnancy after FST.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku * chirurgie   MeSH
• předčasný porod prevence a kontrola   etiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• trachelektomie metody   MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství MeSH
• zachování plodnosti * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

With the increasing use of innovative next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms in routine diagnostic and research settings, the genetic landscape of uterine sarcomas has been dynamically evolving during the last two decades. Notably, the majority of recently recognized genotypes in uterine sarcomas represent gene fusions, while recurrent oncogene mutations of diagnostic and/ or therapeutic value have been rare. Recently, a distinctive aggressive uterine sarcoma expressing S100 and SOX10, but otherwise lacking diagnostic morphological, immunophenotypic and molecular features of other uterine malignancies has been presented in a scientific abstract form (USCAP, 2023), but detailed description and delineation of the entity is still missing. We herein describe two high-grade unclassified uterine sarcomas characterized by spindle to round cell morphology and diffuse expression of S100 and SOX10, originating in the uterine body and cervix of 53- and 45-year-old women and carrying an ERBB3 (p.Glu928Gly) and an ERBB2 (p.Val777Leu) mutation, respectively. Both tumors harbored in addition genomic HER2 amplification, ATRX mutation and CDKN2A deletion. Methylation studies revealed a methylome most similar to MPNST-like tumors, but distinct from melanoma, MPNST, clear cell sarcoma, and endometrial stromal sarcoma. Case 1 died of progressive peritoneal metastases after multiple trials of chemotherapy 47 months after diagnosis. Case 2 is a recent case who presented with a cervical mass, which was biopsied. This study defines a novel heretofore unrecognized aggressive uterine sarcoma with unique phenotypic and genotypic features. Given the potential value of targeting HER2, recognizing this tumor type is mandatory for appropriate therapeutic strategies and for better future delineation of the entity.

• MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   MeSH
• nádory dělohy * genetika   patologie   MeSH
• proteiny S100 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• receptor erbB-2 * genetika   MeSH
• receptor erbB-3 * genetika   MeSH
• sarkom * genetika   patologie   MeSH
• stupeň nádoru MeSH
• transkripční faktory SOXE * genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Despite the fact that environmental pollution has been implicated in the global rise of diabetes, the research on the impact of emerging pollutants such as novel flame retardants remains limited. In line with the shift towards the use of non-animal approaches in toxicological testing, this study aimed to investigate the effects of two novel flame retardants tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) in rat (INS1E) and human (NES2Y) pancreatic beta-cell lines. One-week exposure to 1 μM and 10 μM TDCIPP and TPhP altered intracellular insulin and proinsulin levels, but not the levels of secreted insulin (despite the presence of a statistically insignificant trend). The exposures also altered the protein expression of several factors involved in beta-cell metabolic pathways and signaling, including ATP citrate lyase, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, perilipins, glucose transporters, ER stress-related factors, and antioxidant enzymes. This study has brought new and valuable insights into the toxicity of TDCIPP and TPhP on beta-cell function and revealed alterations that might impact insulin secretion after more extended exposure. It also adds to the scarce studies using in vitro pancreatic beta-cells models in toxicological testing, thereby promoting the development of non-animal testing strategy for identifying pro-diabetic effects of chemical pollutants.

• MeSH
• beta-buňky * účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• homeostáza * účinky léků   MeSH
• inzulin * metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• organofosfáty toxicita   MeSH
• organofosforové sloučeniny * toxicita   MeSH
• proinsulin metabolismus   MeSH
• retardanty hoření * toxicita   MeSH
• sekrece inzulinu účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, caused by genetic mutations that principally affect telomere biology. Approximately 35% of cases remain uncharacterised at the genetic level. To explore the genetic landscape, we conducted genetic studies on a large collection of clinically diagnosed cases of DC as well as cases exhibiting features resembling DC, referred to as 'DC-like' (DCL). This led us to identify several novel pathogenic variants within known genetic loci and in the novel X-linked gene, POLA1. In addition, we have also identified several novel variants in POT1 and ZCCHC8 in multiple cases from different families expanding the allelic series of DC and DCL phenotypes. Functional characterisation of novel POLA1 and POT1 variants, revealed pathogenic effects on protein-protein interactions with primase, CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) and shelterin subunit complexes, that are critical for telomere maintenance. ZCCHC8 variants demonstrated ZCCHC8 deficiency and signs of pervasive transcription, triggering inflammation in patients' blood. In conclusion, our studies expand the current genetic architecture and broaden our understanding of disease mechanisms underlying DC and DCL disorders.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dyskeratosis congenita * genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• proteiny vázající telomery * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• shelterinový komplex MeSH
• telomery * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia diagnosed in adults. Despite advances in medical care, the treatment of AML still faces many challenges, such as treatment-related toxicities, that limit the use of high-intensity chemotherapy, especially in elderly patients. Currently, various immunotherapeutic approaches, that is, CAR-T cells, BiTEs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, are being tested in clinical trials to prolong remission and improve the overall survival of AML patients. However, early reports show only limited benefits of these interventions and only in a subset of patients, showing the need for better patient stratification based on immunological markers. We have therefore developed and optimized a 30-color panel for evaluation of effector immune cell (NK cells, γδ T cells, NKT-like T cells, and classical T cells) infiltration into the bone marrow and analysis of their phenotype with regard to their differentiation, expression of inhibitory (PD-1, TIGIT, Tim3, NKG2A) and activating receptors (DNAM-1, NKG2D). We also evaluate the immune evasive phenotype of CD33+ myeloid cells, CD34+CD38-, and CD34+CD38+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by analyzing the expression of inhibitory ligands such as PD-L1, CD112, CD155, and CD200. Our panel can be a valuable tool for patient stratification in clinical trials and can also be used to broaden our understanding of check-point inhibitory networks in AML.

• MeSH
• akutní myeloidní leukemie * imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• buňky NK imunologie   MeSH
• kostní dřeň * patologie   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie metody   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH

BAP1-inaktivovaný melanocytóm je zriedkavá melanocytová lézia, ktorá bola prvýkrát opísaná Thomasom Wiesnerom v roku 2011. Patrí do skupiny tzv. melanocytómov, ktoré predstavujú skupinu intermediárnych melanocytových lézií. Vyskytuje sa väčšinou sporadicky, vzácne však môže byť súčasťou tzv. hereditárneho BAP1 tumor predispozičného syndrómu. Prezentujeme prípad 33-ročnej ženy so solitárnym BAP1-inaktivovaným melanocytómom.

BAP1-inactivated melanocytoma is a rare melanocytic lesion that was first described by Thomas Wiesner in 2011. It belongs to the group of so-called melanocytomas, which represent a group of intermediate melanocytic lesions. It occurs mostly sporadically, but rarely it can be part of the so-called hereditary BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome. We present the case of a 33-year-old woman with a solitary BAP1-inactivated melanocytoma.

• Klíčová slova
• BAP1-inaktivovaný melanocytóm,
• MeSH
• čelo chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanocyty * MeSH
• pigmentový névus * chirurgie   diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Autoři uvádí případ 74leté ženy se změnami nehtů rukou i nohou trvajícími 30 let. Histopatologické vyšetření prokázalo psoriázu nehtů. Diskutována je problematika izolovaného postižení nehtů, diferenciální diagnózy, hodnocení závažnosti postižení nehtů, souvislost s psoriatickou artritidou, a současné možnosti léčby.

The authors present the case of a 74-year-old woman with changes in her fingernails and toenails lasting 30 years. Histopathological examination showed nail psoriasis. The issue of isolated nail involvement, differential diagnosis, evaluation of the severity of nail involvement, context with psoriatic arthritis, and current treatment options are discussed.

• MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci nehtů * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• psoriatická artritida MeSH
• psoriáza * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• Publikační typ
• zprávy MeSH