Archaea Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
ATP synthases are present in every life form being the key enzymes of cellular bioenergetics. The enzyme from the Archaea forms a new class of ATPases, A1A0 ATP synthase. This enzyme has unusual structural and functional features, which separate it from F1F0 and V1V0 ATPases as a distinct enzyme class ? A1A0 ATPase/ synthase. It contains the transmembrane A0 domain and the cytoplasmatic A1 domain, including a specific site for ATP synthesis. The A1 domain is linked to the A0 part by D-subunit, a structural and functional analog of the ?- subunit of F1F0 ATPase. The genomic approach to the study of this enzyme combined with methods of molecular biology, biochemistry and structural biology, will extend the study of A1A0 ATPase/synthase and ATP synthesis to the molecular level.
svazky : ilustrace ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- adaptace psychologická MeSH
- Archaea * MeSH
- biotechnologie MeSH
- mikrobiologie životního prostředí MeSH
- molekulární biologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- periodika MeSH
- Konspekt
- Biotechnologie. Genetické inženýrství
- NLK Obory
- mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie
2nd ed. xxi, 721 s. : il., tab., grafy ; 28 cm
- Konspekt
- Mikrobiologie
- NLK Obory
- bakteriologie
Fibrillarin is an essential protein that is well known as a molecular marker of transcriptionally active RNA polymerase I. Fibrillarin methyltransferase activity is the primary known source of methylation for more than 100 methylated sites involved in the first steps of preribosomal processing and required for structural ribosome stability. High expression levels of fibrillarin have been observed in several types of cancer cells, particularly when p53 levels are reduced, because p53 is a direct negative regulator of fibrillarin transcription. Here, we show fibrillarin domain conservation, structure and interacting molecules in different cellular processes as well as with several viral proteins during virus infection.
The importance of unusual DNA structures in the regulation of basic cellular processes is an emerging field of research. Amongst local non-B DNA structures, G-quadruplexes (G4s) have gained in popularity during the last decade, and their presence and functional relevance at the DNA and RNA level has been demonstrated in a number of viral, bacterial, and eukaryotic genomes, including humans. Here, we performed the first systematic search of G4-forming sequences in all archaeal genomes available in the NCBI database. In this article, we investigate the presence and locations of G-quadruplex forming sequences using the G4Hunter algorithm. G-quadruplex-prone sequences were identified in all archaeal species, with highly significant differences in frequency, from 0.037 to 15.31 potential quadruplex sequences per kb. While G4 forming sequences were extremely abundant in Hadesarchaea archeon (strikingly, more than 50% of the Hadesarchaea archaeon isolate WYZ-LMO6 genome is a potential part of a G4-motif), they were very rare in the Parvarchaeota phylum. The presence of G-quadruplex forming sequences does not follow a random distribution with an over-representation in non-coding RNA, suggesting possible roles for ncRNA regulation. These data illustrate the unique and non-random localization of G-quadruplexes in Archaea.
- MeSH
- Archaea klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- archeální proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- cirkulární dichroismus MeSH
- DNA vazebné proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- DNA chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- G-kvadruplexy * MeSH
- genom archeí genetika MeSH
- genomika metody MeSH
- konformace nukleové kyseliny MeSH
- RNA chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Lipids are among the most important organic compounds found in all living cells, from primitive archaebacteria to flowering plants or mammalian cells. They form part of cell walls and constitute cell storage material. Their biosynthesis and metabolism play key roles in faraway topics such as biofuel production (third-generation biofuels produced by microorganisms, e.g. algae) and human diseases such as adrenoleukodystrophy, Zellweger syndrome, or Refsum disease. Current lipidomic analysis requires fast and accurate processing of samples and especially their characterization. Because the number of possible lipids and, more specifically, molecular species of lipids is of the order of hundreds to thousands, it is necessary to process huge amounts of data in a short time. There are two basic approaches to lipidomic analysis: shotgun and liquid chromatography-mass spectometry. Both methods have their pros and cons. This review deals with lipidomics not according to the type of ionization or the lipid classes analyzed but according to the types of samples (organisms) under study. Thus, it is divided into lipidomic analysis of archaebacteria, bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae, plants, and animals.
- MeSH
- Archaea chemie genetika MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidy chemie genetika MeSH
- metabolismus lipidů genetika MeSH
- metabolomika metody MeSH
- savci genetika MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Methanogenic archaea produce methane as a metabolic product under anoxic conditions and they play a crucial role in the global methane cycle. In this study molecular diversity of methanogenic archaea in the hyporheic sediment of the lowland stream Sitka (Olomouc, Czech Republic) was analyzed by PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing analysis of the methyl coenzyme M reductase alpha subunit (mcrA) gene. Sequencing analysis of 60 clones revealed 24 different mcrA phylotypes from hyporheic sedimentary layers to a depth of 50 cm. Phylotypes were affiliated with Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinales and Methanobacteriales orders. Only one phylotype remains unclassified. The majority of the phylotypes showed higher affiliation with uncultured methanogens than with known methanogenic species. The presence of relatively rich assemblage of methanogenic archaea confirmed that methanogens may be an important component of hyporheic microbial communities and may affect CH4 cycling in rivers.
- MeSH
- Archaea genetika MeSH
- archeální geny MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genová knihovna MeSH
- geologické sedimenty mikrobiologie MeSH
- methan metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiologie životního prostředí MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- řeky mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
1st ed. viii, 204 s.
- Konspekt
- Biologické vědy
- NLK Obory
- environmentální vědy
- biologie
Abundance and diversity of methanogenic archaea were studied at five localities along a longitudinal profile of a Sitka stream (Czech Republic). Samples of hyporheic sediments were collected from two sediment depths (0-25 cm and 25-50 cm) by freeze-core method. Methanogen community was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing method. The proportion of methanogens to the DAPI-stained cells varied among all localities and depths with an average value 2.08 × 10(5) per g of dry sediment with the range from 0.37 to 4.96 × 10(5) cells per g of dry sediment. A total of 73 bands were detected at 19 different positions on the DGGE gel and the highest methanogen diversity was found at the downstream located sites. There was no relationship between methanogen diversity and sediment depth. Cluster analysis of DGGE image showed three main clusters consisting of localities that differed in the number and similarity of the DGGE bands. Sequencing analysis of representative DGGE bands revealed phylotypes affiliated with members belonging to the orders Methanosarcinales, Methanomicrobiales and Methanocellales. The knowledge about occurrence and diversity of methanogenic archaea in freshwater ecosystems are essential for methane dynamics in river sediments and can contribute to the understanding of global warming process.
- MeSH
- Archaea klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- denaturační gradientová gelová elektroforéza MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- geologické sedimenty mikrobiologie MeSH
- methan metabolismus MeSH
- řeky * mikrobiologie MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- životní prostředí MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- Acinetobacter * MeSH
- bakteriologie MeSH
- klasifikace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- recenze MeSH
