BABA Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu

Sport injuries belong to the most common and most serious problems in students of physical education. The objectives of the small pilot study, completed in the sample of female physical education students in Libya (n = 10), were: 1) To identify the most frequent injuries among students specialized in exercises and gymnastics, as regards to type of injury and anatomic location, 2) to identify the main causes of these injuries. The study was realized by means of questionnaires, distributed to 15 female students at the Faculty of physical education in Ghat, Libya, studying the specialization „Exercises and gymnastics“. Totally 10 completely and correctly filled questionnaires were received back, 5 had to be excluded. Results: Totally, there were reported 51 injuries in the examined sample, that is average 5.1 injuries per person. The most frequent injuries were muscle strains (41 % of all reported injuries), and bruises (19 %). Regarding anatomic locations, the most of injuries affected lower limbs (31 % of all injuries), then upper limbs (25 %) and head and trunk (25 %). The most common reported causes of injuries were „insufficient heating“ (reported as a main cause in 20 % of all injuries), „malnutrition“ (14 %), exhaustion and fatigue (14 %), „resuming training after interruption“ (14 %), and „breach of law, security and safety” (12 %). The results of the pilot study indicate that the injuries are very frequent in Libyan students and that their causes are often very specific, probably different from causes of injuries in Czech students. More extensive comparative study is needed.

Článek

Diverse responses of wild and cultivated tomato to BABA, oligandrin and Oidium neolycopersici infection

expression in response to the oomycete elicitor oligandrin and chemical agent β-aminobutyric acid (BABA ...

Annals of botany. 2017 ; 119 (5) : 829-840.

Ann. bot. (Print)
ISSN 1095-8290
Medvik
Zdroj

Background and Aims: Current strategies for increased crop protection of susceptible tomato plants against pathogen infections include treatment with synthetic chemicals, application of natural pathogen-derived compounds or transfer of resistance genes from wild tomato species within breeding programmes. In this study, a series of 45 genes potentially involved in defence mechanisms was retrieved from the genome sequence of inbred reference tomato cultivar Solanum lycopersicum 'Heinz 1706'. The aim of the study was to analyse expression of these selected genes in wild and cultivated tomato plants contrasting in resistance to the biotrophic pathogen Oidium neolycopersici , the causative agent of powdery mildew. Plants were treated either solely with potential resistance inducers or by inducers together with the pathogen. Methods: The resistance against O. neolycopersici infection as well as RT-PCR-based analysis of gene expression in response to the oomycete elicitor oligandrin and chemical agent β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) were investigated in the highly susceptible domesticated inbred genotype Solanum lycopersicum 'Amateur' and resistant wild genotype Solanum habrochaites . Key Results: Differences in basal expression levels of defensins, germins, β-1,3-glucanases, heveins, chitinases, osmotins and PR1 proteins in non-infected and non-elicited plants were observed between the highly resistant and susceptible genotypes. Moreover, these defence genes showed an extensive up-regulation following O. neolycopersici infection in both genotypes. Application of BABA and elicitin induced expression of multiple defence-related transcripts and, through different mechanisms, enhanced resistance against powdery mildew in the susceptible tomato genotype. Conclusions: The results indicate that non-specific resistance in the resistant genotype S. habrochaites resulted from high basal levels of transcripts with proven roles in defence processes. In the susceptible genotype S. lycopersicum 'Amateur', oligandrin- and BABA-induced resistance involved different signalling pathways, with BABA-treated leaves displaying direct activation of the ethylene-dependent signalling pathway, in contrast to previously reported jasmonic acid-mediated signalling for elicitins.

Kolekce

Publikováno

Filtry

BABA Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu

BABA Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu

Upřesnit dle MeSH