• MeSH
• balkánská nefropatie MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin MeSH
• diabetické nefropatie MeSH
• dialýza ledvin MeSH
• hypertenze MeSH
• nemoci ledvin MeSH
• transplantace ledvin MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• nefrologie

This study aimed to evaluate the phylogeographic distribution of Phoxinus phoxinus sensu lato populations in the Balkan Peninsula using molecular methods. For the western Balkan Peninsula, two species (Danubian P. phoxinus and Adriatic P. lumaireul) have been suggested, but not confirmed by subsequent morphological studies or by genetic data. For the present study, more than 300 specimens were collected from the western Balkans. A partial sequence of the mt cyt b gene analysed using Bayesian and ML methods revealed several well-supported clades, with distances ranging from 4% to 11%. The clades were corroborated by RAG1 sequence analysis. Thus, the molecular analysis points to a multispecies complex of Phoxinus sp. with ranges of the clades extending north-west to south-east along the western Balkan Peninsula. In addition, the dispersion of fish through subterranean water connections in karst is indicated.

• MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• Cyprinidae klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• fylogeografie * MeSH
• mitochondriální geny genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Balkánský poloostrov MeSH

The subgenus Cladoconnus Reitter, 1909 of the megadiverse genus Euconnus Thomson, 1859 is redescribed and revised for the Balkan Peninsula, Turkey and Caucasus. The following species are described: Euconnus (Cladoconnus) gagranicus sp. nov., E. (C.) ispartaensis sp. nov., E. (C.) meybohmi sp. nov., E. (C.) brachati sp. nov. and E. (C.) croaticus sp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for E. (C.) anatolicus Franz, 1997, E. (C.) dodecanicus Franz, 1966, E. (C.) robustus Reitter, 1882 and E. (C.) winneguthi Apfelbeck, 1907. Euconnus (Cladoconnus) major (Motschulsky, 1851) is placed as a junior synonym of E. (C.) motschulskii (Motschulsky, 1837). Two species groups, schlosseri and denticornis are defined; identification keys to the groups and species are given.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• brouci anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Balkánský poloostrov MeSH
• Turecko MeSH
• Zakavkazsko MeSH

The genus Dima Charpentier, 1825 in the Balkan Peninsula and surrounding areas was revised based on the adult semaphoronts. Altogether 33 species are known from the investigated area, of which nine are new for science: D. bruhai sp. nov. (Greece), D. dusaneki sp. nov. (Macedonia), D. fialai sp. nov. (Macedonia), D. kozufensis sp. nov. (Greece, Macedonia), D. orientalis sp. nov. (Bulgaria), D. pelikani sp. nov. (Albania, Montenegro), D. pelionensis sp. nov. (Greece), D. vonickai sp. nov. (Albania), and D. zbuzeki sp. nov. (Greece). Dima peloponnensis Schimmel & Platia, 2008 was synonymized under D. assingi Schimmel & Platia, 2008, D. scutellaris Platia, 2010 and D. fokidensis Schimmel & Platia, 2008 were synonymized under D. fthiotidensis Schimmel & Platia, 2008, D. pindosensis Schimmel & Platia, 2008 was synonymized under D. raineri Wurst, 1997, and D. riesei Platia, 2010 was synonymized under D. vailatii Schimmel & Platia, 2008. For the first time, a male was described for D. florinensis Platia, 2012, and females for D. neumanni Platia, 2013, D. olympica Meschnigg, 1934, and D. schimmeli Platia & Gudenzi, 2009. Dima dalmatina Küster, 1844 was recorded for the first time from Bosnia and Herzegovina, D. elateroides Charpentier, 1825 from Bulgaria and Macedonia, D. florinensis from Macedonia, and D. raineri Wurst, 1997 from Albania. For each species we provided bibliography and information on the type depositories, diagnosis, intraspecific variability and distribution, and figured the main diagnostic morphological characters. Due to the generally uniform morphology within the genus and great intraspecific variability in most diagnostic characters we were unable to construct a reliable identification key for the Dima species in the Balkan Peninsula. Our study revealed that Dima is a more speciose genus than expected and that more species may be discovered in the near future, even in Europe.

• MeSH
• brouci * MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Balkánský poloostrov MeSH
• Bosna a Hercegovina MeSH
• Bulharsko MeSH
• Černá Hora MeSH
• Řecko MeSH

BACKGROUND: Genetic architecture of a species is a result of historical changes in population size and extent of distribution related to climatic and environmental factors and contemporary processes of dispersal and gene flow. Population-size and range contractions, expansions and shifts have a substantial effect on genetic diversity and intraspecific divergence, which is further shaped by gene-flow limiting barriers. The Balkans, as one of the most important sources of European biodiversity, is a region where many temperate species persisted during the Pleistocene glaciations and where high topographic heterogeneity offers suitable conditions for local adaptations of populations. In this study, we investigated the phylogeographical patterns and demographic histories of four species of semifossorial slow-worm lizards (genus Anguis) present in the Balkan Peninsula, and tested the relationship between genetic diversity and topographic heterogeneity of the inhabited ranges. RESULTS: We inferred phylogenetic relationships, compared genetic structure and historical demography of slow worms using nucleotide sequence variation of mitochondrial DNA. Four Anguis species with mostly parapatric distributions occur in the Balkan Peninsula. They show different levels of genetic diversity. A signature of population growth was detected in all four species but with various courses in particular populations. We found a strong correlation between genetic diversity of slow-worm populations and topographic ruggedness of the ranges (mountain systems) they inhabit. Areas with more rugged terrain harbour higher genetic diversity. CONCLUSIONS: Phylogeographical pattern of the genus Anguis in the Balkans is concordant with the refugia-within-refugia model previously proposed for both several other taxa in the region and other main European Peninsulas. While slow-worm populations from the southern refugia mostly have restricted distributions and have not dispersed much from their refugial areas, populations from the extra-Mediterranean refugia in northern parts of the Balkans have colonized vast areas of eastern, central, and western Europe. Besides climatic historical events, the heterogeneous topography of the Balkans has also played an important role in shaping genetic diversity of slow worms.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fylogeografie MeSH
• ještěři genetika   MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA genetika   MeSH
• molekulární evoluce MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický MeSH
• tok genů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Balkánský poloostrov MeSH

Complementary revisionary information is provided for the click-beetle genus Dima Charpentier, 1825 in the Balkan Peninsula. Five species are described as new for science: Dima bialookii sp. nov. (Greece), D. blazeji sp. nov. (Albania), D. gazureki sp. nov. (Albania), D. timfristosensis sp. nov. (Greece), and D. tomorrensis sp. nov. (Albania). The male of D. hirtipennis Platia, 2011 is described for the first time. Dima etoliensis Platia, 2012 syn. nov. is a subjective junior synonym of D. evritaniensis Schimmel Platia, 2008. New specimens and distributional data are reported for D. assingi Schimmel Platia, 2008, D. dalmatina Küster, 1844, D. elateroides Charpentier, 1825, D. evritaniensis, D. florinensis Platia, 2012, D. hirtipennis, D. hladilorum Schimmel, 1987, D. lebenbaueri Schimmel Platia, 2008, D. macedonica Schimmel, 1993, D. marvani Mertlik Dusanek, 2006, D. neumanni Platia, 2013, D. olympica Meschnigg, 1934, D. parnonensis Schimmel Platia, 2008, D. pecoudi Fleutiaux, 1944, D. pelikani Mertlik, Németh Kundrata, 2017, D. pelionensis Mertlik, Németh Kundrata, 2017, D. vailatii Schimmel Platia, 2008, and Dima sp. cf. orientalis Mertlik, Németh Kundrata, 2017. Morphological variability in D. hladilorum is discussed. Figures of habitus and main diagnostic features are provided for all new species, D. evritaniensis from Nerosirtis surroundings in Panetolikó Mts. (i.e., type locality of D. etoliensis syn. nov.), and for the male of D. hirtipennis. Additionally, we update the distribution maps for the genus Dima in the Balkans based on the new findings. Currently, 37 described species of Dima are known from the Balkan Peninsula. We discuss the morphological diagnostic characters for Dima species and call for the molecular phylogenetic study for this group.

• MeSH
• brouci * MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Albánie MeSH
• Balkánský poloostrov MeSH
• Řecko MeSH

Vzpomínky prof. Přecechtěla na balkánské války z let 1912–1913 zahrnují různé dojmy a fáze těchto událostí. Mapují přípravy v Praze a cestu do Černé Hory, pobyt ve starobylé Cetynje mezi chudým a primitivním lidem, zážitky z albánského prostředí zamořeného nemocemi a válku prožitou v Bulharsku. Čeští lékaři se nadšeně přidali k pomoci slovanským bratřím na Balkáně, kteří bojovali za svoje osvobození a práva. Na začátku byli přijati chladně a s rezervou, protože místní obyvatelé neměli zkušenost s českými lékaři. Postupem času však lékařské výpravy prokázaly svou hodnotu. V Albánii bylo mnoho překážek, včetně nedostatku léků a vhodné stravy, a vojsko vysíleno, což vedlo k vysoké úmrtnosti a infekcím. Lékařská činnost byla prováděna v obtížných podmínkách, s nedostatkem hygieny a základních prostředků. Přes všechny obtíže se lékaři snažili pomáhat a jejich práce byla neocenitelná. Vzpomínky na válku na Balkáně jsou plné příběhů o nedostatku, obtížích a lidském utrpení, ale také o odhodlání pomoci a solidarity.

Professor Přecechtěl’s memories of the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 have various facets and encompass different impressions and phases of these events. They trace the preparations in Prague and the journey to Montenegro, the ancient city of Cetinje among the poor and primitive people, experiences in the Albanian environment plagued by diseases, and the war experienced in Bulgaria. Czech doctors enthusiastically aided their Slavic brethren in the Balkans, who fought for liberation and rights. Initially, they were received coolly and with reservation as the local population had no experience with Czech doctors. However, over time, the medical expeditions proved their worth. Albania presented many obstacles, including a shortage of medicines and suitable food. The army suffered from droughts and exhaustion, leading to high mortality rates and infections. Medical activities were carried out under difficult conditions, lacking hygiene and basic supplies. Despite all the difficulties, the doctors strove to provide help, and their work was invaluable. Memories of the Balkan War are filled with stories of scarcity, challenges, human suffering, and determination to aid and solidarity.

• MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dobrovolní pracovníci dějiny   MeSH
• lékaři MeSH
• válečné a ozbrojené konflikty * dějiny   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Balkánský poloostrov MeSH

• O autorovi
• Přecechtěl, Antonín, 1885-1971 Autorita

Species of the tolutarius species group of the genus Stomodes Schoenherr, 1826 are revised. A redescription of the genus is provided and all available male and female genitalia are illustrated. Two new species, S. benedikti sp. n. and S. dodocunevi sp. n. from Greece, are described. A lectotype is designated for S. amorei Desbrochers des Loges, 1904. The redescriptions of the following species are provided: S. marocanus Hoffmann, 1956; S. muelleri Lona, 1922; S. leonhardi Wagner, 1912; S. letzneri Reitter, 1889 and S. tolutarius Schoenherr, 1826. S. muelleri is for the first time recorded for Macedonia, Bosnia and Hercegovina and Greece; S. tolutarius for Macedonia, Bulgaria and Turkey. An identification key to species of the tolutarius species group is given.

• MeSH
• brouci * MeSH
• nosatcovití * MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Balkánský poloostrov MeSH
• Bosna a Hercegovina MeSH
• Bulharsko MeSH
• Řecko MeSH
• Turecko MeSH

Introduction: Project TEMPUS IV – CCNURCA (Competency Based Curriculum Reform in Nursing and Caring in Western Balkan Universities) is currently under way in the international cooperation, which initiates European standards in order to innovation the content of training in nursing. The main objective of this paper is presentation of transforming education in European countries and supporting the modernization of higher education. It also focuses on the cooperation and modernization of higher education in partner countries in the wider neighborhood. Methods: Methodology for theoretical education in study program nursing includes working groups were created and questionnaire was implemented a survey in order to fulfill the objectives of the project. Results: The evaluation of a curriculum and the schedule of a study program of nursing were running in the theoretical level. The activity to support the education of teachers themselves, so-called program TOT (Training of Trainers), where the participating specialists from the ranks of teachers were giving trainings in new techniques within the theoretical and practical training to each other, was deemed inspirational. Discussion: The new program in nursing was verified in this way and monitored the suitability of students, self-evaluation and teacher satisfaction. Results of the project consortia CCNURCA represent innovative changes for the countries of Western Balkan. Educational institutions, health care institutions and government organizations shall unite their efforts for the sake of reforming the curriculum.

• MeSH
• kurikulum MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce * MeSH
• studium ošetřovatelství * MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Balkánský poloostrov MeSH

BACKGROUND: Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are medically important vectors of human and veterinary disease-causing agents. Among these, the genus Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), and phleboviruses are of utmost importance. Despite such significance, updated information about sand fly fauna is missing for Balkan countries where both sand flies and autochtonous leishmaniases are historically present and recently re-emerging. Therefore, a review of historical data on sand fly species composition and distribution in the region was followed by a large-scale entomological survey in eight Balkan countries to provide a recent update on local sand fly fauna. METHODS: The literature search involved the period 1910-2019. The entomological survey was conducted at 1189 sampling stations in eight countries (Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia), covering 49 settlements and 358 sampling sites between June and October in the years 2014 and 2016, accumulating 130 sampling days. We performed a total of 1189 trapping nights at these stations using two types of traps (light and CO2 attraction traps) in each location. Sampling was performed with a minimal duration of 6 (Montenegro) and a maximal of 47 days (Serbia) between 0-1000 m.a.s.l. Collected sand flies were morphologically identified. RESULTS: In total, 8490 sand fly specimens were collected. Morphological identification showed presence of 14 species belonging to genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia. Historical data were critically reviewed and updated with our recent findings. Six species were identified in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2 new records), 5 in Montenegro (2 new records), 5 in Croatia (2 new records), 9 in Bulgaria (5 new records), 11 in North Macedonia (1 new record), 10 in Serbia (no new records), 9 in Kosovo (3 new records) and 4 in Slovenia (no new records). CONCLUSIONS: This study presents results of the first integrated sand fly fauna survey of such scale for the Balkan region, providing first data on sand fly populations for four countries in the study area and presenting new species records for six countries and updated species lists for all surveyed countries. Our findings demonstrate presence of proven and suspected vectors of several Leishmania species.

• MeSH
• hmyz - vektory klasifikace   parazitologie   MeSH
• leishmanióza přenos   MeSH
• Psychodidae klasifikace   parazitologie   MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Balkánský poloostrov MeSH