The mammalian body possesses remarkable adaptability to cold exposure, involving intricate adjustments in cellular metabolism, ultimately leading to thermogenesis. However, cold-induced stress can impact immune response, primarily through noradrenaline-mediated pathways. In our study, we utilized a rat model subjected to short-term or long-term mild cold exposure to investigate systemic immune response during the cold acclimation. To provide human relevance, we included a group of regular cold swimmers in our study. Our research revealed complex relationship between cold exposure, neural signaling, immune response, and thermogenic regulation. One-day cold exposure triggered stress response, including cytokine production in white adipose tissue, subsequently activating brown adipose tissue, and inducing thermogenesis. We further studied systemic immune response, including the proportion of leukocytes and cytokines production. Interestingly, γδ T cells emerged as possible regulators in the broader systemic response, suggesting their possible contribution in the dynamic process of cold adaptation. We employed RNA-seq to gain further insights into the mechanisms by which γδ T cells participate in the response to cold. Additionally, we challenged rats exposed to cold with the Toll-like receptor 2 agonist, showing significant modulation of immune response. These findings significantly contribute to understanding of the physiological acclimation that occur in response to cold exposure.

• MeSH
• aklimatizace imunologie   MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• hnědá tuková tkáň imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nízká teplota * MeSH
• receptory antigenů T-buněk gama-delta imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• termogeneze imunologie   MeSH
• toll-like receptor 2 * metabolismus   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• zánět * imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) can be activated via the adrenergic system in response to cold or diet, contributing to both thermal and energy homeostasis. Other mechanisms, including metabolism of skeletal muscle, may also be involved in NST. However, relative contribution of these energy dissipating pathways and their adaptability remain a matter of long-standing controversy. METHODS: We used warm-acclimated (30 °C) mice to characterize the effect of an up to 7-day cold acclimation (6 °C; CA) on thermoregulatory thermogenesis, comparing inbred mice with a genetic background conferring resistance (A/J) or susceptibility (C57BL/6 J) to obesity. RESULTS: Both warm-acclimated C57BL/6 J and A/J mice exhibited similar cold endurance, assessed as a capability to maintain core body temperature during acute exposure to cold, which improved in response to CA, resulting in comparable cold endurance and similar induction of UCP1 protein in BAT of mice of both genotypes. Despite this, adrenergic NST in BAT was induced only in C57BL/6 J, not in A/J mice subjected to CA. Cold tolerance phenotype of A/J mice subjected to CA was not based on increased shivering, improved insulation, or changes in physical activity. On the contrary, lipidomic, proteomic and gene expression analyses along with palmitoyl carnitine oxidation and cytochrome c oxidase activity revealed induction of lipid oxidation exclusively in skeletal muscle of A/J mice subjected to CA. These changes appear to be related to skeletal muscle NST, mediated by sarcolipin-induced uncoupling of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pump activity and accentuated by changes in mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes assembly. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that NST in skeletal muscle could be adaptively augmented in the face of insufficient adrenergic NST in BAT, depending on the genetic background of the mice. It may provide both protection from cold and resistance to obesity, more effectively than BAT.

• MeSH
• adrenergní látky metabolismus   MeSH
• hnědá tuková tkáň * metabolismus   MeSH
• inbrední kmeny myší MeSH
• kosterní svaly metabolismus   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• obezita metabolismus   MeSH
• proteomika * MeSH
• termogeneze fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Publikace se zaměřuje na otužování, jeho fyziologii a jeho prospěšné účinky na lidské zdraví, zejména na snížení stresu a posílení výkonnosti. Určeno široké veřejnosti.; Pomocí bezpečného otužování a správného dýchání se lze trvale zbavit celé řady fyzických i psychických obtíží. Neurovědkyně ukazuje, jak využít blahodárné účinky chladu na naše tělo i mysl.

• Klíčová slova
• otužování,
• MeSH
• aklimatizace MeSH
• komplementární terapie MeSH
• kryoterapie * MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• psychický stres MeSH
• výkonnost MeSH
• zdravé chování MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH
• populární práce MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
• NLK Obory
• rehabilitační a fyzikální medicína
• zdravotní výchova

The hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are prone to malignant arrhythmias, mainly due to disorders of electrical coupling protein Cx43 and the extracellular matrix. Cold acclimation may induce cardio-protection, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We aimed to explore whether the adaptation of 9-month-old hairless SHRM to cold impacts the fundamental cardiac pro-arrhythmia factors, as well as the response to the thyroid status. There were no significant differences in the registered biometric, redox and blood lipids parameters between hairless (SHRM) and wild type SHR. Prominent findings revealed that myocardial Cx43 and its variant phosphorylated at serine 368 were increased, while an abnormal cardiomyocyte Cx43 distribution was attenuated in hairless SHRM vs. wild type SHR males and females. Moreover, the level of β-catenin, ensuring mechanoelectrical coupling, was increased as well, while extracellular matrix collagen-1 and hydroxyproline were lower and the TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3 pathway was suppressed in hairless SHRM males compared to the wild type strain. Of interest, the extracellular matrix remodeling was less pronounced in females of both hypertensive strains. There were no apparent differences in response to the hypothyroid or hyperthyroid status between SHR strains concerning the examined markers. Our findings imply that hairless SHRM benefit from cold acclimation due to the attenuation of the hypertension-induced adverse downregulation of Cx43 and upregulation of extracellular matrix proteins.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The infarct size-limiting effect elicited by cold acclimation (CA) is accompanied by increased mitochondrial resistance and unaltered β1-adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling persisting for 2 wk at room temperature. As the mechanism of CA-elicited cardioprotection is not fully understood, we examined the role of the salvage β2-AR/Gi/Akt pathway. Male Wistar rats were exposed to CA (8°C, 5 wk), whereas the recovery group (CAR) was kept at 24°C for additional 2 wk. We show that the total number of myocardial β-ARs in the left ventricular myocardium did not change after CA but decreased after CAR. We confirmed the infarct size-limiting effect in both CA and CAR groups. Acute administration of β2-AR inhibitor ICI-118551 abolished the protective effect in the CAR group but had no effect in the control and CA groups. The inhibitory Giα1/2 and Giα3 proteins increased in the membrane fraction of the CAR group, and the phospho-Akt (Ser473)-to-Akt ratio also increased. Expression, phosphorylation, and mitochondrial location of the Akt target glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3β) were affected neither by CA nor by CAR. However, GSK-3β translocated from the Z-disk to the H-zone after CA, and acquired its original location after CAR. Our data indicate that the cardioprotection observed after CAR is mediated by the β2-AR/Gi pathway and Akt activation. Further studies are needed to unravel downstream targets of the central regulators of the CA process and the downstream targets of the Akt protein after CAR.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cardioprotective effect of cold acclimation and that persisting for 2 wk after recovery engage in different mechanisms. The β2-adrenoceptor/Gi pathway and Akt are involved only in the mechanism of infarct size-limiting effect occurring during the recovery phase. GSK-3β translocated from the Z-line to the H-zone of sarcomeres by cold acclimation returns back to the original position after the recovery phase. The results provide new insights potentially useful for the development of cardiac therapies.

• MeSH
• aklimatizace MeSH
• beta-2-adrenergní receptory MeSH
• fosforylace MeSH
• kinasa glykogensynthasy 3beta MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-akt metabolismus   MeSH
• reperfuzní poškození myokardu * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis is a pest species, whose fifth instar larvae gradually develop cold hardiness during diapause. The physiological changes underlying diapause progression and cold hardiness development are still insufficiently understood in insects. Here, we follow a complex of changes related to energy metabolism during cold acclimation (5°C) of diapausing larvae and compare this to warm-acclimated (22°C) and non-diapause controls. Capillary electrophoresis of nucleotides and coenzymes has shown that in gradually cold-acclimated groups concentrations of ATP/ADP and, consequently, energy charge slowly decrease during diapause, while the concentration of AMP increases, especially in the first months of diapause. Also, the activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), as well as the concentrations of NAD+ and GMP, decline in cold-acclimated groups, until the latter part of diapause, when they recover. Relative expression of NADH dehydrogenase (nd1), coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase (uqcr), COX, ATP synthase (atp), ADP/ATP translocase (ant), and prohibitin 2 (phb2) is supressed in cold-acclimated larvae during the first months of diapause and gradually increases toward the termination of diapause. Contrary to this, NADP+ and UMP levels significantly increased in the first few months of diapause, after gradual cold acclimation, which is in connection with the biosynthesis of cryoprotective molecules, as well as regeneration of small antioxidants. Our findings evidence the existence of a cold-induced energy-saving program that facilitates long-term maintenance of larval diapause, as well as gradual development of cold hardiness. In contrast, warm acclimation induced faster depletion of ATP, ADP, UMP, NAD+, and NADP+, as well as higher activity of COX and generally higher expression of all energy-related genes in comparison to cold-acclimated larvae. Moreover, such unusually high metabolic activity, driven by high temperatures, lead to premature mortality in the warm-acclimated group after 2 months of diapause. Thus, our findings strongly support the importance of low temperature exposure in early diapause for gradual cold hardiness acquisition, successful maintenance of the resting state and return to active development. Moreover, they demonstrate potentially adverse effects of global climate changes and subsequent increase in winter temperatures on cold-adapted terrestrial organisms in temperate and subpolar regions.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Publikace se zaměřuje na Wim Hofovu metodu posilování zdraví pomocí zejména otužování a dechových cvičení a zároveň je biografií Wim Hofa. Určeno široké veřejnosti.; Praktická kniha s konkrétními návody pro všechny, kteří chtějí praktikovat metodu Wima Hofa. Včetně 30denní výzvy pro ty, kteří s metodou teprve začínají.

• MeSH
• aklimatizace MeSH
• dechová cvičení MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• kryoterapie MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• psychofyziologie MeSH
• sportovci MeSH
• významné osobnosti MeSH
• zdravé chování MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH
• populární práce MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
• NLK Obory
• alternativní lékařství
• rehabilitační a fyzikální medicína
• preventivní medicína

• O autorovi
• Hof, Wim, 1959- Autorita

Příručka, která se zaměřuje na metody otužování. Určeno široké veřejnosti.; Mrazem prověřený průvodce pro všechny, kdo se chtějí ponořit do tajů otužování.

• Klíčová slova
• otužování,
• MeSH
• aklimatizace MeSH
• hydroterapie MeSH
• kryoterapie metody   MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• tělesná teplota MeSH
• zdravé chování MeSH
• Publikační typ
• populární práce MeSH
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
• NLK Obory
• rehabilitační a fyzikální medicína
• alternativní lékařství
• fyziologie

Příručka se zaměřuje na léčbu nemocí a posilování zdraví pomocí otužování a léčivých bylin. Určeno široké veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• aklimatizace MeSH
• fytoterapie MeSH
• hydroterapie MeSH
• kryoterapie MeSH
• léčivé rostliny MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• tělesná teplota MeSH
• zdravé chování MeSH
• Publikační typ
• populární práce MeSH
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
• NLK Obory
• rehabilitační a fyzikální medicína
• alternativní lékařství

Publikace se zaměřuje na otužování v Polsku, konkrétně na plavání ve studené vodě. Přináší rozhovory s lidmi, kteří otužování praktikují. Určeno široké veřejnosti.; Kniha seznamuje se širokým názorovým spektrem otužilců i lékařských specialistů včetně sportovní psycholožky a dietetičky. Záměrem autorky bylo sepsat praktickou příručku pro ty, kteří se chtějí dovědět základní informace o otužování v historickém i současném kontextu. Kniha obsahuje i přehled dalších možností, jak pomocí vody a střídání teplot zlepšovat zdraví a kondici. Zajímavý je rozhovor s Leszkem Naziemiecem, který vyzdvihl český přínos ke světovému zimnímu plavání. Pro české čtenáře by mohla být přínosná i stručná historie otužování včetně Česka a přehled českých otužileckých klubů.

• Klíčová slova
• otužování,
• MeSH
• aklimatizace MeSH
• kryoterapie MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• plavání MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• zdravé chování MeSH
• Publikační typ
• populární práce MeSH
• rozhovory MeSH

• Konspekt
• Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
• NLK Obory
• hygiena
• zdravotní výchova
• alternativní lékařství